A Critical Overview Of Biological Functions
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A Critical Overview Of Biological Functions
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Author : Justin Garson
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-03-30
A Critical Overview Of Biological Functions written by Justin Garson and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-03-30 with Philosophy categories.
This book is a critical survey of and guidebook to the literature on biological functions. It ties in with current debates and developments, and at the same time, it looks back on the state of discourse in naturalized teleology prior to the 1970s. It also presents three significant new proposals. First, it describes the generalized selected effects theory, which is one version of the selected effects theory, maintaining that the function of a trait consists in the activity that led to its differential persistence or reproduction in a population, and not merely its differential reproduction. Secondly, it advances “within-discipline pluralism” (as opposed to between-discipline pluralism) a new form of function pluralism, which emphasizes the coexistence of function concepts within diverse biological sub-disciplines. Lastly, it provides a critical assessment of recent alternatives to the selected effects theory of function, namely, the weak etiological theory and the systems-theoretic theory. The book argues that, to the extent that functions purport to offer causal explanations for the existence of a trait, there are no viable alternatives to the selected effects view. The debate about biological functions is still as relevant and important to biology and philosophy as it ever was. Recent controversies surrounding the ENCODE Project Consortium in genetics, the nature of psychiatric classification, and the value of ecological restoration, all point to the continuing relevance to biology of philosophical discussion about the nature of functions. In philosophy, ongoing debates about the nature of biological information, intentionality, health and disease, mechanism, and even biological trait classification, are closely related to debates about biological functions.
What Biological Functions Are And Why They Matter
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Author : Justin Garson
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2019-01-10
What Biological Functions Are And Why They Matter written by Justin Garson and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-01-10 with History categories.
This accessible book presents a new theory of biological functions and connects it to contemporary problems in philosophy and science.
Neurocognitive Mechanisms
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Author : Gualtiero Piccinini
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Neurocognitive Mechanisms written by Gualtiero Piccinini and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with Medical categories.
Gualtiero Piccinini presents a systematic and rigorous philosophical defence of the computational theory of cognition. His view posits that cognition involves neural computation within multilevel neurocognitive mechanisms, and includes novel ideas about ontology, functions, neural representation, neural computation, and consciousness.
Life And Mind
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Author : Mariano Martín-Villuendas
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2024-11-26
Life And Mind written by Mariano Martín-Villuendas and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-11-26 with Science categories.
In recent times, the philosophy of science has been reinvigorated by insights from the biological and cognitive sciences. These disciplines have provided not only new perspectives to approach traditional philosophical problems but have also opened the way to new conceptual and methodological questions that call for new and innovative solutions. This book brings together some of the main debates that have structured in the last years the fields of philosophy of biology and cognitive sciences. It is organized around 11 chapters distributed in two parts: one devoted to the philosophy of biology, and the other to the cognitive sciences. These ideas were originally presented at the 11th edition of the International Philosophy of Biology and Cognitive Science (PBCS-XI) workshop held in 2022 in Salamanca, Spain. Part I of the volume is devoted to topics related to the philosophy of biology and includes hot topics such as “biological functions”, “modelization”, “pain medicine”, or “organicism”. Part II is devoted to debates in the cognitive sciences and includes issues related to "ecological psychology", "enactivism", "FEP" or "animal cognition". Considering the diversity of the topics covered in this volume, the book is purposely conceived to serve as an updated introduction to the fields of the philosophy of biology and cognitive sciences for those researchers interested in having a panoramic view of these two areas of inquiry. But not only that, the detailed and scholarly coverage of the topics included renders this book appealing to a much more specialized audience interested in particular aspects of each of the debates already mentioned. Chapter “On the Boundaries Between Classical Demarcations and Transdiagnostic Approaches to Psychopathology: The Case of Meaning in Life and the Lack Thereof” is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
The Routledge Handbook Of Mechanisms And Mechanical Philosophy
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Author : Stuart Glennan
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2017-07-06
The Routledge Handbook Of Mechanisms And Mechanical Philosophy written by Stuart Glennan and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-07-06 with Philosophy categories.
Scientists studying the burning of stars, the evolution of species, DNA, the brain, the economy, and social change, all frequently describe their work as searching for mechanisms. Despite this fact, for much of the twentieth century philosophical discussions of the nature of mechanisms remained outside philosophy of science. The Routledge Handbook of Mechanisms and Mechanical Philosophy is an outstanding reference source to the key topics, problems, and debates in this exciting subject and is the first collection of its kind. Comprising over thirty chapters by a team of international contributors, the Handbook is divided into four Parts: Historical perspectives on mechanisms The nature of mechanisms Mechanisms and the philosophy of science Disciplinary perspectives on mechanisms. Within these Parts central topics and problems are examined, including the rise of mechanical philosophy in the seventeenth century; what mechanisms are made of and how they are organized; mechanisms and laws and regularities; how mechanisms are discovered and explained; dynamical systems theory; and disciplinary perspectives from physics, chemistry, biology, biomedicine, ecology, neuroscience, and the social sciences. Essential reading for students and researchers in philosophy of science, the Handbook will also be of interest to those in related fields, such as metaphysics, philosophy of psychology, and history of science.
From Assessing To Conserving Biodiversity
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Author : Elena Casetta
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2019-06-17
From Assessing To Conserving Biodiversity written by Elena Casetta and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-06-17 with Philosophy categories.
This open access book features essays written by philosophers, biologists, ecologists and conservation scientists facing the current biodiversity crisis. Despite increasing communication, accelerating policy and management responses, and notwithstanding improving ecosystem assessment and endangered species knowledge, conserving biodiversity continues to be more a concern than an accomplished task. Why is it so?The overexploitation of natural resources by our species is a frequently recognised factor, while the short-term economic interests of governments and stakeholders typically clash with the burdens that implementing conservation actions imply. But this is not the whole story. This book develops a different perspective on the problem by exploring the conceptual challenges and practical defiance posed by conserving biodiversity, namely: on the one hand, the difficulties in defining what biodiversity is and characterizing that “thing” to which the word ‘biodiversity’ refers to; on the other hand, the reasons why assessing biodiversity and putting in place effective conservation actions is arduous.
Perception First Form Of Mind
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Author : Tyler Burge
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2022-05-13
Perception First Form Of Mind written by Tyler Burge and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-05-13 with Philosophy categories.
In Perception: First Form of Mind, Tyler Burge develops an understanding of the most primitive type of mental representational: perception. Focusing on the functions and capacities of perceptual states, Burge accounts for their representational content and structure, and develops a formal semantics for them. The discussion explains the role of iconic format in the structure. It also situates the accounts of content, structure, and semantics within scientific explanations of perceptual-state formation, emphasizing formation of perceptual categorization. In the book's second half, Burge discusses what a perceptual system is. Exploration of relations between perception and other primitive capacities-conation, attention, memory, anticipation, affect, learning, and imagining-helps distinguish perceiving, with its associated capacities, from thinking, with its associated capacities. Drawing mainly on vision science, not introspection, Perception: First Form of Mind is a rigorous, agenda-setting work in philosophy of perception and philosophy of science.
Teleology
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Author : Jeffrey K. McDonough
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2020-05-08
Teleology written by Jeffrey K. McDonough and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-05-08 with Philosophy categories.
Teleology is the belief that some things happen, or exist for the sake of other things. It is the belief that, for example, salmon swim upstream in order to spawn, and that bears have claws for the sake of catching fish. This volume takes up the intuitive yet puzzling concept of teleology as it has been treated by philosophers from ancient times to the present day. It includes nine main chapters centered on the treatment of teleology in Plato, Aristotle, the Islamic medieval tradition, the Jewish medieval tradition, the Latin medieval tradition, the early modern era, Kant, Hegel, and contemporary philosophy. Each chapter probes central questions such as: is teleology inherent in its subjects or is it imposed on them from the outside? Does teleology necessarily involve intentionality, that is, a subject's cognizing some end, goal, or purpose? What is the scope of teleology? Is it, for example, applicable to elements and animals, or only to rational beings? Finally, is teleology explanatory? When we say that salmon swim upstream in order to spawn, have we explained why they swim upstream? When we say that bears have claws for catching fish, have we explained why bears have claws? The philosophical discussions of the main chapters are enlivened and contextualized by four reflection pieces exploring the implications of teleology in medicine, art, poetry, and music.
Defining Mental Disorder
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Author : Luc Faucher
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2021-02-16
Defining Mental Disorder written by Luc Faucher and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-02-16 with Psychology categories.
Philosophers discuss Jerome Wakefield's influential view of mental disorder as "harmful dysfunction," with detailed responses from Wakefield himself. One of the most pressing theoretical problems of psychiatry is the definition of mental disorder. Jerome Wakefield's proposal that mental disorder is "harmful dysfunction" has been both influential and widely debated; philosophers have been notably skeptical about it. This volume provides the first book-length collection of responses by philosophers to Wakefield's harmful dysfunction analysis (HDA), offering a survey of philosophical critiques as well as extensive and detailed replies by Wakefield himself.