A Critical Overview Of Biological Functions
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A Critical Overview Of Biological Functions
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Author : Justin Garson
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-03-30
A Critical Overview Of Biological Functions written by Justin Garson and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-03-30 with Philosophy categories.
This book is a critical survey of and guidebook to the literature on biological functions. It ties in with current debates and developments, and at the same time, it looks back on the state of discourse in naturalized teleology prior to the 1970s. It also presents three significant new proposals. First, it describes the generalized selected effects theory, which is one version of the selected effects theory, maintaining that the function of a trait consists in the activity that led to its differential persistence or reproduction in a population, and not merely its differential reproduction. Secondly, it advances “within-discipline pluralism” (as opposed to between-discipline pluralism) a new form of function pluralism, which emphasizes the coexistence of function concepts within diverse biological sub-disciplines. Lastly, it provides a critical assessment of recent alternatives to the selected effects theory of function, namely, the weak etiological theory and the systems-theoretic theory. The book argues that, to the extent that functions purport to offer causal explanations for the existence of a trait, there are no viable alternatives to the selected effects view. The debate about biological functions is still as relevant and important to biology and philosophy as it ever was. Recent controversies surrounding the ENCODE Project Consortium in genetics, the nature of psychiatric classification, and the value of ecological restoration, all point to the continuing relevance to biology of philosophical discussion about the nature of functions. In philosophy, ongoing debates about the nature of biological information, intentionality, health and disease, mechanism, and even biological trait classification, are closely related to debates about biological functions.
What Biological Functions Are And Why They Matter
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Author : Justin Garson
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2019-01-10
What Biological Functions Are And Why They Matter written by Justin Garson and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-01-10 with History categories.
This accessible book presents a new theory of biological functions and connects it to contemporary problems in philosophy and science.
The Biological Mind
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Author : Justin Garson
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2022-03-17
The Biological Mind written by Justin Garson and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-03-17 with Philosophy categories.
For some, biology explains all there is to know about the mind. Yet many big questions remain: Is the mind shaped by genes or the environment? If mental traits are the result of adaptations built up over thousands of years, as evolutionary psychologists claim, how can such claims be tested? If the mind is a machine, as biologists argue, how does it allow for something as complex as human thought? Revised and updated to take account of new developments in the field, The Biological Mind: A Philosophical Introduction explores these questions and more, using the philosophy of biology to introduce and assess the nature of the mind. Justin Garson addresses the following key topics: moral psychology, altruism, and levels of selection; evolutionary psychology and the adaptationism debate; genes, environment, and the nature–nurture debate; natural selection and mental representation; psychiatric classification and the maladapted mind. This second edition includes three new chapters on race, sex, and human nature as well as new sections on group and kin selection, psychological altruism, and cultural evolution. Including chapter summaries, annotated further readings, a glossary of terms, and examples and case studies throughout, this is an indispensable introduction for those teaching philosophy of mind, philosophy of psychology, and philosophy of biology. It will also be an excellent resource for those in related fields such as biology.
Madness
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Author : Justin Garson
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2022
Madness written by Justin Garson and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with Medical categories.
Since the time of Hippocrates, madness has typically been viewed through the lens of disease, dysfunction, and defect. In Madness, philosopher of science Justin Garson presents a radically different paradigm for conceiving of madness and the forms that it takes. In this paradigm, which he calls madness-as-strategy, madness is neither a disease nor a defect, but a designed feature, like the heart or lungs. The book will be essential reading for philosophers of medicine and psychiatry, historians and sociologists of medicine, and mental health service users, survivors, and activists, for its alternative and liberating vision of what it means to be mad.
What Functions Explain
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Author : Peter McLaughlin
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2000-12-18
What Functions Explain written by Peter McLaughlin and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-12-18 with Science categories.
This 2001 book offers an examination of functional explanation as it is used in biology and the social sciences, and focuses on the kinds of philosophical presuppositions that such explanations carry with them. It tackles such questions as: why are some things explained functionally while others are not? What do the functional explanations tell us about how these objects are conceptualized? What do we commit ourselves to when we give and take functional explanations in the life sciences and the social sciences? McLaughlin gives a critical review of the debate on functional explanation in the philosophy of science. He discusses the history of the philosophical question of teleology, and provides a comprehensive review of the post-war literature on functional explanation. What Functions Explain provides a sophisticated and detailed Aristotelian analysis of our concept of natural functions, and offers a positive contribution to the ongoing debate on the topic.
Essentials Of Glycobiology
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Author : Ajit Varki
language : en
Publisher: CSHL Press
Release Date : 1999
Essentials Of Glycobiology written by Ajit Varki and has been published by CSHL Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Medical categories.
Sugar chains (glycans) are often attached to proteins and lipids and have multiple roles in the organization and function of all organisms. "Essentials of Glycobiology" describes their biogenesis and function and offers a useful gateway to the understanding of glycans.
Data Processing Handbook For Complex Biological Data Sources
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Author : Gauri Misra
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2019-03-23
Data Processing Handbook For Complex Biological Data Sources written by Gauri Misra and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-03-23 with Medical categories.
Data Processing Handbook for Complex Biological Data provides relevant and to the point content for those who need to understand the different types of biological data and the techniques to process and interpret them. The book includes feedback the editor received from students studying at both undergraduate and graduate levels, and from her peers. In order to succeed in data processing for biological data sources, it is necessary to master the type of data and general methods and tools for modern data processing. For instance, many labs follow the path of interdisciplinary studies and get their data validated by several methods. Researchers at those labs may not perform all the techniques themselves, but either in collaboration or through outsourcing, they make use of a range of them, because, in the absence of cross validation using different techniques, the chances for acceptance of an article for publication in high profile journals is weakened. Explains how to interpret enormous amounts of data generated using several experimental approaches in simple terms, thus relating biology and physics at the atomic level Presents sample data files and explains the usage of equations and web servers cited in research articles to extract useful information from their own biological data Discusses, in detail, raw data files, data processing strategies, and the web based sources relevant for data processing
Cytochromes B And C
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Author : Rurik Thom
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Cytochromes B And C written by Rurik Thom and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with Cytochrome b categories.
Explaining Cancer
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Author : Anya Plutynski
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2018-07-18
Explaining Cancer written by Anya Plutynski and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-07-18 with Science categories.
In Explaining Cancer, Anya Plutynski addresses a variety of philosophical questions that arise in the context of cancer science and medicine. She begins with the following concerns: · How do scientists classify cancer? Do these classifications reflect nature's "joints"? · How do cancer scientists identify and classify early stage cancers? · What does it mean to say that cancer is a "genetic" disease? What role do genes play in "mechanisms for" cancer? · What are the most important environmental causes of cancer, and how do epidemiologists investigate these causes? · How exactly has our evolutionary history made us vulnerable to cancer? Explaining Cancer uses these questions as an entrée into a family of philosophical debates. It uses case studies of scientific practice to reframe philosophical debates about natural classification in science and medicine, the problem of drawing the line between disease and health, mechanistic reasoning in science, pragmatics and evidence, the roles of models and modeling in science, and the nature of scientific explanation.
Exploring The Biological Contributions To Human Health
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Author : Institute of Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2001-07-02
Exploring The Biological Contributions To Human Health written by Institute of Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-07-02 with Medical categories.
It's obvious why only men develop prostate cancer and why only women get ovarian cancer. But it is not obvious why women are more likely to recover language ability after a stroke than men or why women are more apt to develop autoimmune diseases such as lupus. Sex differences in health throughout the lifespan have been documented. Exploring the Biological Contributions to Human Health begins to snap the pieces of the puzzle into place so that this knowledge can be used to improve health for both sexes. From behavior and cognition to metabolism and response to chemicals and infectious organisms, this book explores the health impact of sex (being male or female, according to reproductive organs and chromosomes) and gender (one's sense of self as male or female in society). Exploring the Biological Contributions to Human Health discusses basic biochemical differences in the cells of males and females and health variability between the sexes from conception throughout life. The book identifies key research needs and opportunities and addresses barriers to research. Exploring the Biological Contributions to Human Health will be important to health policy makers, basic, applied, and clinical researchers, educators, providers, and journalists-while being very accessible to interested lay readers.