A History Of Geochemistry And Cosmochemistry From Prehistory To The End Of The Classical Period
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A History Of Geochemistry And Cosmochemistry From Prehistory To The End Of The Classical Period
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Author : Robert W. Boyle
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Release Date : 2024-05-01
A History Of Geochemistry And Cosmochemistry From Prehistory To The End Of The Classical Period written by Robert W. Boyle and has been published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-05-01 with Science categories.
Since Mendeleev outlined the modern periodic table in 1869, many new uses have been found for the 92 naturally occurring elements. This book travels back in time to describe the utilization of materials familiar (gold, copper, iron) and arcane (arsenic, boron, red ochre) and their practical history (mining, metallurgy and crafts), with evidence from archaeology and geology. Together with the technological developments, author Robert Boyle portrays the advances in our understanding of materials science which led to modern geological and environmental sciences. It is a source book valuable to students of history and archaeology, mining and metallurgy, as well as to geologists, mineralogists and geochemists everywhere.
History Of Geochemistry And Cosmochemistry From Prehistory To The End Of
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2024
History Of Geochemistry And Cosmochemistry From Prehistory To The End Of written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024 with categories.
Geology Geochemistry And Formation Of Supergene Mineral Deposits In Deeply Weathered Terrain
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Author : Robert J. Bowell
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2025-05-27
Geology Geochemistry And Formation Of Supergene Mineral Deposits In Deeply Weathered Terrain written by Robert J. Bowell and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2025-05-27 with Science categories.
This book provides a comprehensive overview of the major supergene mineral deposits formed in intensely weathered lateritic terrains. It discusses both contemporary and pre-existing supergene deposits, describing their geological, mineralogical and geochemical characteristics. Supergene processes of enrichment are those that occur under ambient near-surface conditions, compared to hypogene processes mostly at depth under higher temperatures and pressures. Supergene processes include the predominance of meteoric water circulation with concomitant oxidation and chemical weathering. Descending meteoric waters oxidize the primary (hypogene) minerals and redistribute the chemical elements. Residual supergene enrichment occurs as a physical process when the predominant rock-forming minerals oxidize and dissolve, concentrating ore elements hosted in resistant stable minerals; absolute chemical enrichment occurs when the ore elements themselves are leached and migrate in groundwater and precipitate due changes in the pH, oxidation potential and chemical composition of water. These processes can enrich commercially important elements to produce orebodies formed entirely by supergene processes. These include Al (bauxite), Fe ore, Ni-Co laterites, kaolinite, REE (clay deposits), Nb and REE (on carbonatites), base metals (secondary sulfides and oxidate minerals including gossans), gold and surficial U (in calcretes).
History Cosmochemistry Geochemistry
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Author : Leopold Gmelin
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1977
History Cosmochemistry Geochemistry written by Leopold Gmelin and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1977 with categories.
Cosmochemistry And The Origin Of Life
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Author : Cyril Ponnamperuma
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Cosmochemistry And The Origin Of Life written by Cyril Ponnamperuma and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
For the first time in human history, developments in many branches of science provide us with an opportunity of formula ting a comprehensive picture of the universe from its beginning to the present time. It is an awesome reflection that the carbon in our bodies is the very carbon which was generated during the birth of a star. There is a perceptible continuum through the billions of years which can be revealed by the study of chemistry. Studies in nucleosynthesis have related the origin of the elements to the life history of the stars. The chemical elements we find on earth, HYdrogen, Carbon, Oxygen, and Nitrogen, were created in astronomical processes that took place in the past, and these elements are not spread throughout space in the form of stars and galaxies. Radioastronomers have discovered a vast array of organic molecules in the interstellar medium which have a bearing on prebiological chemical processes. Many of the molecules found so far contain the four elements, C, N, 0, H. Except for the chem ically unreactive He, these four elements are the most abundant in the galaxy. The origin of polyatomic interstellar molecules is an unresolved problem. While we can explain the formation of some diatomic molecules as due to two atom collisions, it is much more difficult to form polyatomic molecules by collisions between diatomic molecules and atoms. There may be other produc tion mechanisms at work such as reactions taking place on the surface of interstellar dust grains.
Encyclopedia Of Geochemistry
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Author : William M. White
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-07-28
Encyclopedia Of Geochemistry written by William M. White and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-07-28 with Science categories.
The Encyclopedia is a complete and authoritative reference work for this rapidly evolving field. Over 300 international scientists, each experts in their specialties, have written over 330 separate topics on different aspects of geochemistry including geochemical thermodynamics and kinetics, isotope and organic geochemistry, meteorites and cosmochemistry, the carbon cycle and climate, trace elements, geochemistry of high and low temperature processes, and ore deposition, to name just a few. The geochemical behavior of the elements is described as is the state of the art in analytical geochemistry. Each topic incorporates cross-referencing to related articles, and also has its own reference list to lead the reader to the essential articles within the published literature. The entries are arranged alphabetically, for easy access, and the subject and author indices are comprehensive and extensive. Geochemistry applies chemical techniques and approaches to understanding the Earth and how it works. It touches upon almost every aspect of earth science, ranging from applied topics such as the search for energy and mineral resources, environmental pollution, and climate change to more basic questions such as the Earth’s origin and composition, the origin and evolution of life, rock weathering and metamorphism, and the pattern of ocean and mantle circulation. Geochemistry allows us to assign absolute ages to events in Earth’s history, to trace the flow of ocean water both now and in the past, trace sediments into subduction zones and arc volcanoes, and trace petroleum to its source rock and ultimately the environment in which it formed. The earliest of evidence of life is provided by chemical and isotopic traces, not fossils, preserved in rocks. Geochemistry has allowed us to unravel the history of the ice ages and thereby deduce their cause. Geochemistry allows us to determine the swings in Earth’s surface temperatures during the ice ages, determine the temperatures and pressures at which rocks have been metamorphosed, and the rates at which ancient magma chambers cooled and crystallized. The field has grown rapidly more sophisticated, in both analytical techniques that can determine elemental concentrations or isotope ratios with exquisite precision and in computational modeling on scales ranging from atomic to planetary.