A Proposed Framework For Identifying Potential Biodefense Vulnerabilities Posed By Synthetic Biology
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A Proposed Framework For Identifying Potential Biodefense Vulnerabilities Posed By Synthetic Biology
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Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2017-12-20
A Proposed Framework For Identifying Potential Biodefense Vulnerabilities Posed By Synthetic Biology written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-12-20 with Science categories.
Building on an increasingly sophisticated understanding of naturally occurring biological processes, researchers have developed technologies to predictably modify or create organisms or biological components. This research, known collectively as synthetic biology, is being pursued for a variety of purposes, from reducing the burden of disease to improving agricultural yields to remediating pollution. While synthetic biology is being pursued primarily for beneficial and legitimate purposes, it is possible to imagine malicious uses that could threaten human health or military readiness and performance. Making informed decisions about how to address such concerns requires a comprehensive, realistic assessment. To this end, the U.S. Department of Defense, working with other agencies involved in biodefense, asked the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to develop a framework to guide an assessment of the security concerns related to advances in synthetic biology, to assess the level of concern warranted for various advances and identify areas of vulnerability, and to prioritize options to address these vulnerabilities. This interim report proposes a framework for identifying and prioritizing potential areas of concern associated with synthetic biologyâ€"a tool to aid the consideration of concerns related to synthetic biology. The framework describes categories of synthetic biology technologies and applicationsâ€"such as genome editing, directed evolution, and automated biological designâ€"and provides a set of initial questions to guide the assessment of concern related to these technologies and applications.
Biodefense In The Age Of Synthetic Biology
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Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2019-01-05
Biodefense In The Age Of Synthetic Biology written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-01-05 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Scientific advances over the past several decades have accelerated the ability to engineer existing organisms and to potentially create novel ones not found in nature. Synthetic biology, which collectively refers to concepts, approaches, and tools that enable the modification or creation of biological organisms, is being pursued overwhelmingly for beneficial purposes ranging from reducing the burden of disease to improving agricultural yields to remediating pollution. Although the contributions synthetic biology can make in these and other areas hold great promise, it is also possible to imagine malicious uses that could threaten U.S. citizens and military personnel. Making informed decisions about how to address such concerns requires a realistic assessment of the capabilities that could be misused. Biodefense in the Age of Synthetic Biology explores and envisions potential misuses of synthetic biology. This report develops a framework to guide an assessment of the security concerns related to advances in synthetic biology, assesses the levels of concern warranted for such advances, and identifies options that could help mitigate those concerns.
Synthetic Biology 2020 Frontiers In Risk Analysis And Governance
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Author : Benjamin D. Trump
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2019-11-28
Synthetic Biology 2020 Frontiers In Risk Analysis And Governance written by Benjamin D. Trump and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-11-28 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Synthetic biology offers powerful remedies for some of the world’s most intractable problems, but these solutions are clouded by uncertainty and risk that few strategies are available to address. The incentives for continued development of this emerging technology are prodigious and obvious, and the public deserves assurances that all potential downsides are duly considered and minimized accordingly. Incorporating social science analysis within the innovation process may impose constraints, but its simultaneous support in making the end products more acceptable to society at large should be considered a worthy trade-off. Contributing authors in this volume represent diverse perspectives related to synthetic biology’s social sciences, and reflect on different areas of risk analysis and governance that have developed for the field. Such perspectives include leading scholarly discussion pertaining to risk assessment, governance, ethics, and communication. The chapters of this volume note that while the first twenty years of synthetic biology development have focused strongly on technological innovation and product development, the next twenty should emphasize the synergy between developers, policymakers, and publics to generate the most beneficial, well governed, and transparent technologies and products possible. Many chapters in this volume provide new data and approaches that demonstrate the feasibility for multi-stakeholder efforts involving policymakers, regulators, industrial developers, workers, experts, and societal representatives to share responsibilities in the production of effective and acceptable governance in the face of uncertain risk probabilities. A full consideration of such perspectives may prevent a world of draconian regulations based on an insufficient or incomplete understanding of the science that underpins synthetic biology, as well as any hesitancy or fear by the public to adopt its eventual products.
Navigating The Polycrisis
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Author : Michael J. Albert
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2024-04-23
Navigating The Polycrisis written by Michael J. Albert and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-04-23 with Political Science categories.
An innovative work of realism and utopianism that analyzes the possible futures of the world-system and helps us imagine how we might transition beyond capitalism. The world-system of which we are all a part faces multiple calamities: climate change and mass extinction, the economic and existential threat of AI, the chilling rise of far-right populism, and the invasion of Ukraine, to name only a few. In Navigating the Polycrisis, Michael Albert seeks to illuminate how the “planetary polycrisis” will disrupt the global community in the coming decades and how we can best meet these challenges. Albert argues that we must devote more attention to the study of possible futures and adopt transdisciplinary approaches to do so. To provide a new form of critical futures analysis, he offers a theoretical framework—planetary systems thinking—that is informed by complexity theory, world-systems theory, and ecological Marxism. Navigating the Polycrisis builds on existing work on climate futures and the futures of capitalism and makes three main contributions. First, the book brings together modeling projections with critical social theory in a more systematic way than has been done so far. Second, the book shows that in order to grasp the complexity of the planetary polycrisis, we must analyze the convergence of crises encompassing the climate emergency, the structural crisis of global capitalism, net energy decline, food system disruption, pandemic risk, far-right populism, and emerging technological risks (e.g. in the domains of artificial intelligence, biotechnology, and nuclear weapons). And third, the book contributes to existing work on postcapitalist futures by analyzing the processes and mechanisms through which egalitarian transitions beyond capitalism might occur. A much-needed work of global futures studies, Navigating the Polycrisis brings together the rigor of the natural and social sciences and speculative imagination informed by science fiction to forge pathways to our possible global future.
Genome Editing And Biological Weapons
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Author : Katherine Paris
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-12-15
Genome Editing And Biological Weapons written by Katherine Paris and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-12-15 with Science categories.
This monograph introduces current genome editing technologies—clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated (Cas) systems, transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs)—and provides an assessment of the risk of misuse of these technologies based on the following parameters: accessibility, ease of misuse, magnitude of potential harm, and imminence of potential misuse. The findings from this assessment are applied to analyze and evaluate the threat posed by the intentional misuse of genome editing technologies to develop biological weapons. Furthermore, the book discusses the implications of misuse for different applications of genome editing, such as making existing pathogens more dangerous, modifying the human microbiome, weaponizing gene drives, engineering super soldiers, and augmenting the general population to confer economic advantages. Technologies that enable genome editing with programmable nucleases—including CRISPR, TALEN, and ZFN—allow for the precise genetic modification of organisms and cultured cells. While these technologies are used for a variety of beneficial applications, intelligence and defense experts have raised concerns that genome editing technologies, especially CRISPR, could be misused to develop new and improved biological weapons. Furthermore, experts worry that the number and type of actors who could potentially misuse genome editing is dramatically increasing given the democratization of biology, which is allowing biology to become more accessible to everyone including nonexperts. The book provides a comprehensive assessment of how feasible it is for users with different levels of knowledge and skill to acquire and then to apply the technologies to develop a biological weapon. It also provides an assessment of governability and a tailored set of recommendations that address security concerns. These recommendations are sensitive to the cost-benefit trade-off of regulating genome editing technologies. The book targets researchers as well as intelligence analysts, defense and security personnel, and policymakers.
Intelligence Biosecurity And Bioterrorism
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Author : Patrick F. Walsh
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-09-18
Intelligence Biosecurity And Bioterrorism written by Patrick F. Walsh and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-09-18 with Law categories.
This book explores how potential bio-threats and risks may evolve post 9/11 given the rapid changes in biotechnology and synthetic biology. It also explores what role intelligence communities can play in understanding threats and risks. It argues that although bio-threats and risks are largely low probability and high impact in nature, intelligence in ‘Five Eyes’ countries remain insufficiently prepared to understand them. This book identifies key areas where intelligence reforms need to take place including a more strategic and systematic collaboration between national security/law enforcement intelligence and the scientific community. It is aimed at intelligence analysts, those in the scientific community working on health security threats, policy makers and researchers working on biosecurity and bioterrorism threats and risks.
The Object And Purpose Of Intellectual Property
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Author : Susy Frankel
language : en
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Release Date : 2019
The Object And Purpose Of Intellectual Property written by Susy Frankel and has been published by Edward Elgar Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with Law categories.
Much of the debate around the parameters of intellectual property (IP) protection relates to differing views about what IP law is supposed to achieve. This book analyses the object and purpose of international intellectual property law, examining how international agreements have been interpreted in different jurisdictions and how this has led to diversity in IP regimes at a national level.
Research Handbook On International Law And Terrorism
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Author : Ben Saul
language : en
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Release Date : 2020-04-24
Research Handbook On International Law And Terrorism written by Ben Saul and has been published by Edward Elgar Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-04-24 with Law categories.
This newly revised and updated second edition provides a comprehensive overview of international counter-terrorism law and practice. Brand new and revised chapters provide critical commentary on the law from leading scholars and practitioners in the field, including new topics for this edition such as foreign terrorist fighters, the nexus between organized crime and terrorism, and the prevention of violent extremism.
Terrorism Inside America S Borders
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Author : Ashraf Esmail
language : en
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
Release Date : 2021-05-03
Terrorism Inside America S Borders written by Ashraf Esmail and has been published by Rowman & Littlefield this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-05-03 with Political Science categories.
Using the insights provided by criminology, sociology, psychology, and other disciplines, Terrorism Inside America’s Borders delivers a multi-faceted examination of the issues associated with domestic terrorism. Some of the issues explored include the similarities and differences between terrorism and other criminal activities, the roles that social institutions and social processes play in the creation and prevention of terrorism, the stages involved in the unfolding of a terrorism disaster, and the impacts terrorism has on people’s lives and property. The history and trends of terrorism, as well as possible emerging solutions, are also explored.
Defense Against Biological Attacks
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Author : Sunit K. Singh
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2019-03-30
Defense Against Biological Attacks written by Sunit K. Singh and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-03-30 with Medical categories.
This first volume of a two-volume set describes general aspects, such as the historical view on the topic, the role of information distribution and preparedness of health-care systems and preparedness in emergency cases. Part two describes and discusseses in detail the pathogens and toxins that are potentially used for biological attacks. As such, the book is a valuable resource for faculties engaged in molecular biology, genetic engineering, neurology, biodefense, biosafety & biosecurity, virology, and infectious disease programs, as well as professional medical research organizations.