A Role For The Planar Cell Polarity Pathway In Neuronal Positioning Along The Ap Axis Of C Elegans
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A Role For The Planar Cell Polarity Pathway In Neuronal Positioning Along The Ap Axis Of C Elegans
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Author : Raymond Tanner
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
A Role For The Planar Cell Polarity Pathway In Neuronal Positioning Along The Ap Axis Of C Elegans written by Raymond Tanner and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
We sought to investigate the role of the Planar Cell Polarity (PCP) pathway in neuronal positioning along the Anterior-Posterior (AP) axis of C. elegans, and chose the worm's DD-type motor neurons as a model. The six DD neurons (DD1-DD6) are evenly spaced in the ventral nerve cord of wild type animals. Here we showed that mutations in core PCP genes caused DD neuron spacing and positioning defects. prkl-1 double mutant combinations with vang-1 and fmi-1 showed a suppression of the more severe prkl-1 single mutant defects, which was evidence of genetic interactions between these PCP components. We also conducted a candidate screen of Frizzled, Dishevelled, Wnt, and ROCK genes, and found that dsh-1/Dishevelled, mom-2/Wnt and let-502/ROCK also played roles in DD neuronal positioning. Both vang-1 and prkl-1 were found to function within the nervous system to guide DD neuronal positioning, and prkl-1 was further identified as playing a cell autonomous role. The origins of observed DD neuron anterior positioning defects were investigated during embryogenesis, in which 1.5 fold stage prkl-1(ok3182) embryos displayed delayed intercalation of the DD neurons. This represents a novel role for the PCP pathway in mediating DD neuronal intercalation.
Requirement For Wnt And Planar Cell Polarity Pathway Genes In Asymmetric Neuroblast Division In Caenorhabditis Elegans
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Author : Minna Roh
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Requirement For Wnt And Planar Cell Polarity Pathway Genes In Asymmetric Neuroblast Division In Caenorhabditis Elegans written by Minna Roh and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with categories.
Planar Cell Polarity And Neurodevelopment
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Author : Simon Dow-Kuang Sun
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Planar Cell Polarity And Neurodevelopment written by Simon Dow-Kuang Sun and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
Planar cell polarity (PCP) is a developmental signaling mechanism that establishes a polarity within the plane of an epithelium. PCP has been shown to play a role in guiding numerous neurodevelopmental processes such as convergent extension, neuron migration, and axon pathfinding. Certain commissural neurons in the dorsal spinal cord make a series of guidance decisions en route to the brain: first, a ventral projection along the D-V axis, followed by a midline crossing, and after exiting the floorplate, a dorso-anterior turn along the A-P axis. Here, we provide in vivo evidence that the axons of the Commissural Primary Ascending (CoPAs) neurons in zebrafish require the PCP genes fzd3a, vangl2, and scribble for rostral pathfinding both before and after crossing the midline. Dorsoventral guidance of CoPA axons is unaltered in fzd3a, vangl2, and scribble mutants, suggesting that the PCP signaling pathway only controls A-P guidance of CoPAs. Our results have provided evidence for two potential non- mutually exclusive models: (i) A-P axon guidance is achieved by cell-autonomous Wnt-Frizzled signaling or that (ii) A-P axon guidance is achieved by non-cell-autonomous PCP signaling in the neuroepithelial environment. The single-cell nature of the CoPA axon system allows for simple genetic manipulation and visualization, which will potentially elucidate the validity of either model. Scribble (Scrib), a member of the LAP family, plays a critical role in establishing and regulating cell polarization in epithelia and during cell migration. In zebrafish, Scrib mutants have defects in convergent extension (CE) cell movements and facial branchiomotor neuron (FBMN) migration. Despite our understanding of Scrib's genetic role in neurodevelopment, little is known about the subcellular localization of endogenous Scrib in vivo during CE and FBMN migration. We have generated a monoclonal antibody against the C-terminus of zebrafish Scrib and have shown that this antibody is specific against endogenous Scrib in both western blot and immunocytochemical applications. Confocal microscopy of Scrib immunocytochemistry shows that at various developmental stages, Scrib distinctly localizes to basolateral membranes of non polarized epithelium, to the membrane in mesodermal cells undergoing CE, and to the membrane of migrating FBMNs. Furthermore, the distribution of Scrib puncta along membranes of FBMN- FBMN contact is significantly altered in the PCP mutant pk1b. Further application of our newly generated Scrib antibody will potentially lead to new insight on Scrib's role in neurodevelopment.
Planar Cell Polarity In The C Elegans Embryo Emerges By Differential Retention Of Apars At Cell Cell Contacts
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Author : Priyanka Dutta
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Planar Cell Polarity In The C Elegans Embryo Emerges By Differential Retention Of Apars At Cell Cell Contacts written by Priyanka Dutta and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.
Regulation Of Neuronal Polarity In C Elegans By Toe 2 And Wnt Signaling
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Author : Mark Andrew Gurling
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Regulation Of Neuronal Polarity In C Elegans By Toe 2 And Wnt Signaling written by Mark Andrew Gurling and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
Cellular polarization is an important aspect of neural development. During the development of the C. elegans nervous system, many divisions are asymmetric and give rise to neurons and cells that die. While we understand how cells die in C. elegans, we know much less about how cells are instructed to adopt the apoptotic fate. To address this issue, I studied the Q.p neuroblast, which divides to produce a larger anterior cell and a smaller posterior cell that dies. The surviving Q.p daughter divides again to form the neurons A/PVM and SDQ. A forward-genetic screen for mutants with extra A/PVMs in order to identify genes that regulate the apoptotic fate was conducted previously in the lab. A mutant, gm389, was isolated. In gm389, I identified a mutation in the gene toe-2, which encodes a target of the worm ERK ortholog, MPK-1. I found that TOE-2 not only regulates the apoptotic fate of the posterior Q.p daughter, but it also plays a role in the asymmetric division of Q, the mother of Q.p. I found that TOE-2 functions autonomously in the Q lineage where it regulates several asymmetric cell divisions (ACDs). I also show that, during Q lineage cell divisions, TOE-2 localizes to centrosomes, to the posterior cortex and at the site where the cleavage furrow will form. Cellular polarization is also required for the function of mature neurons. The function of a neuron is facilitated by its distinct morphology. Electrical signals are propagated along neuronal processes that extend from the cell body to form connections with muscle cells, sensory structures or other neurons. In vitro studies of developing neurons have shown that a neuronal process forms at random from one of many smaller processes protruding from the developing cell. Many intracellular molecules necessary for this process have been identified. However, many neurons display invariant polarity in vivo, suggesting specific regulation of the polarization process by external signals. Wnts and Frizzled receptors have been shown to direct polarization of mechanosensory neurons along the C. elegans anterior/posterior (AP) axis. It was shown that ectopic expression of MIG-1 in PLM reverses PLM polarity. I show that ectopic expression of the cysteine-rich domain of MIG-1 in PLM is not sufficient to cause a polarity reversal. I also show that the activity of MIG-1 in PLM is dependent upon the Wnt EGL-20.
The Role Of Planar Cell Polarity Signaling In Neuronal Migration
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Author : Crystal Faye Davey Hicks
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
The Role Of Planar Cell Polarity Signaling In Neuronal Migration written by Crystal Faye Davey Hicks and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
The planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway is a cell-contact mediated mechanism for transmitting polarity information between neighboring cells. PCP “core components” (Vangl, Fz, Pk, Dvl, and Celsr) are essential for a number of cell migratory events including the posterior migration of facial branchiomotor neurons (FBMNs) in the plane of the hindbrain neuroepithelium in zebrafish and mice. While the mechanism by which PCP signaling polarizes static epithelial cells is well understood, how PCP signaling controls highly dynamic processes like neuronal migration remains an important outstanding question given that PCP components have been implicated in a range of directed cell movements, particularly during vertebrate development. Here, I present evidence that PCP signaling is required both within FBMNs and in the hindbrain rhombomere 4 environment at the time when they initiate their migration. Correspondingly, I demonstrate planar polarized localization of PCP core components Vangl2 and Fzd3a in the hindbrain neuroepithelium, and transient localization of Vangl2 at the tips of retracting FBMN filopodia. Using high-resolution timelapse imaging of FBMNs in genetic chimeras I uncovered opposing cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous functions for Fzd3a and Vangl2 in regulating FBMN protrusive activity. Within FBMNs, Fzd3a is required to stabilize filopodia while Vangl2 has an antagonistic, destabilizing role. However, in the migratory environment Fzd3a acts to destabilize FBMN filopodia while Vangl2 has a stabilizing role. Together, my findings suggest a model in which PCP signaling between the planar polarized neuroepithelial environment and FBMNs directs migration by the selective stabilization of FBMN filopodia.
Extracellular And Intracellular Signaling
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Author : James D. Adams
language : en
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
Release Date : 2011
Extracellular And Intracellular Signaling written by James D. Adams and has been published by Royal Society of Chemistry this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Medical categories.
Intracellular cell signaling is a well understood process. However, extracellular signals such as hormones, adipokines, cytokines and neurotransmitters are just as important but have been largely ignored in other works. Aimed at medical professionals and pharmaceutical specialists, this book integrates extracellular and intracellular signalling processes and offers a fresh perspective on new drug targets.
Cell Polarity 2
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Author : Klaus Ebnet
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-02-24
Cell Polarity 2 written by Klaus Ebnet and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-02-24 with Science categories.
This work provides a state-of-the art overview on the most relevant aspects of cell polarity. Volume 2 discusses the physiological and pathophysiological relevance of cell polarity. It especially focuses on pathophysiological conditions in which one or several aspects of cell polarity are impaired, and in which a loss of cell polarity possibly contributes to disease (e.g. epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in cancer, role of polarity proteins in cancer). Both volumes are intended for professors, group leaders and researchers in cell biology as well as for medical professionals working in anatomy, cell biology, physiology, pathology and tumor biology.
Cell Polarity In Development And Disease
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Author : Douglas W Houston
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2017-11-14
Cell Polarity In Development And Disease written by Douglas W Houston and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-11-14 with Science categories.
Cell Polarity in Development and Disease offers insights into the basic molecular mechanisms of common diseases that arise as a result of a loss of ordered organization and intrinsic polarity. Included are diseases affecting highly polarized epithelial tissues in the lung and kidney, as well as loss and gain of cell polarity in the onset and progression of cancer. This book provides a basic resource for understanding the biology of polarity, offering a starting point for those thinking of targeting cell polarity for translational medical research. Provides basic science understanding of cell polarity disease and development Covers diseases affecting polarized epithelial tissues in the lung and kidney, also covering the progression of cancer Includes historical context of cell polarity research for potential future breakthroughs
Animal Anomalies
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Author : Lewis I. Held, Jr
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2021-03-18
Animal Anomalies written by Lewis I. Held, Jr and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-03-18 with Medical categories.
Highlights what we know about the pathways pursued by embryos and evolution, and stresses what we do not yet know.