Planar Cell Polarity And Neurodevelopment
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Planar Cell Polarity And Neurodevelopment
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Author : Simon Dow-Kuang Sun
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Planar Cell Polarity And Neurodevelopment written by Simon Dow-Kuang Sun and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
Planar cell polarity (PCP) is a developmental signaling mechanism that establishes a polarity within the plane of an epithelium. PCP has been shown to play a role in guiding numerous neurodevelopmental processes such as convergent extension, neuron migration, and axon pathfinding. Certain commissural neurons in the dorsal spinal cord make a series of guidance decisions en route to the brain: first, a ventral projection along the D-V axis, followed by a midline crossing, and after exiting the floorplate, a dorso-anterior turn along the A-P axis. Here, we provide in vivo evidence that the axons of the Commissural Primary Ascending (CoPAs) neurons in zebrafish require the PCP genes fzd3a, vangl2, and scribble for rostral pathfinding both before and after crossing the midline. Dorsoventral guidance of CoPA axons is unaltered in fzd3a, vangl2, and scribble mutants, suggesting that the PCP signaling pathway only controls A-P guidance of CoPAs. Our results have provided evidence for two potential non- mutually exclusive models: (i) A-P axon guidance is achieved by cell-autonomous Wnt-Frizzled signaling or that (ii) A-P axon guidance is achieved by non-cell-autonomous PCP signaling in the neuroepithelial environment. The single-cell nature of the CoPA axon system allows for simple genetic manipulation and visualization, which will potentially elucidate the validity of either model. Scribble (Scrib), a member of the LAP family, plays a critical role in establishing and regulating cell polarization in epithelia and during cell migration. In zebrafish, Scrib mutants have defects in convergent extension (CE) cell movements and facial branchiomotor neuron (FBMN) migration. Despite our understanding of Scrib's genetic role in neurodevelopment, little is known about the subcellular localization of endogenous Scrib in vivo during CE and FBMN migration. We have generated a monoclonal antibody against the C-terminus of zebrafish Scrib and have shown that this antibody is specific against endogenous Scrib in both western blot and immunocytochemical applications. Confocal microscopy of Scrib immunocytochemistry shows that at various developmental stages, Scrib distinctly localizes to basolateral membranes of non polarized epithelium, to the membrane in mesodermal cells undergoing CE, and to the membrane of migrating FBMNs. Furthermore, the distribution of Scrib puncta along membranes of FBMN- FBMN contact is significantly altered in the PCP mutant pk1b. Further application of our newly generated Scrib antibody will potentially lead to new insight on Scrib's role in neurodevelopment.
The Role Of Planar Cell Polarity Signaling In Neuronal Migration
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Author : Crystal Faye Davey Hicks
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
The Role Of Planar Cell Polarity Signaling In Neuronal Migration written by Crystal Faye Davey Hicks and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
The planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway is a cell-contact mediated mechanism for transmitting polarity information between neighboring cells. PCP “core components” (Vangl, Fz, Pk, Dvl, and Celsr) are essential for a number of cell migratory events including the posterior migration of facial branchiomotor neurons (FBMNs) in the plane of the hindbrain neuroepithelium in zebrafish and mice. While the mechanism by which PCP signaling polarizes static epithelial cells is well understood, how PCP signaling controls highly dynamic processes like neuronal migration remains an important outstanding question given that PCP components have been implicated in a range of directed cell movements, particularly during vertebrate development. Here, I present evidence that PCP signaling is required both within FBMNs and in the hindbrain rhombomere 4 environment at the time when they initiate their migration. Correspondingly, I demonstrate planar polarized localization of PCP core components Vangl2 and Fzd3a in the hindbrain neuroepithelium, and transient localization of Vangl2 at the tips of retracting FBMN filopodia. Using high-resolution timelapse imaging of FBMNs in genetic chimeras I uncovered opposing cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous functions for Fzd3a and Vangl2 in regulating FBMN protrusive activity. Within FBMNs, Fzd3a is required to stabilize filopodia while Vangl2 has an antagonistic, destabilizing role. However, in the migratory environment Fzd3a acts to destabilize FBMN filopodia while Vangl2 has a stabilizing role. Together, my findings suggest a model in which PCP signaling between the planar polarized neuroepithelial environment and FBMNs directs migration by the selective stabilization of FBMN filopodia.
A Role For The Planar Cell Polarity Pathway In Neuronal Positioning Along The Ap Axis Of C Elegans
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Author : Raymond Tanner
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
A Role For The Planar Cell Polarity Pathway In Neuronal Positioning Along The Ap Axis Of C Elegans written by Raymond Tanner and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
We sought to investigate the role of the Planar Cell Polarity (PCP) pathway in neuronal positioning along the Anterior-Posterior (AP) axis of C. elegans, and chose the worm's DD-type motor neurons as a model. The six DD neurons (DD1-DD6) are evenly spaced in the ventral nerve cord of wild type animals. Here we showed that mutations in core PCP genes caused DD neuron spacing and positioning defects. prkl-1 double mutant combinations with vang-1 and fmi-1 showed a suppression of the more severe prkl-1 single mutant defects, which was evidence of genetic interactions between these PCP components. We also conducted a candidate screen of Frizzled, Dishevelled, Wnt, and ROCK genes, and found that dsh-1/Dishevelled, mom-2/Wnt and let-502/ROCK also played roles in DD neuronal positioning. Both vang-1 and prkl-1 were found to function within the nervous system to guide DD neuronal positioning, and prkl-1 was further identified as playing a cell autonomous role. The origins of observed DD neuron anterior positioning defects were investigated during embryogenesis, in which 1.5 fold stage prkl-1(ok3182) embryos displayed delayed intercalation of the DD neurons. This represents a novel role for the PCP pathway in mediating DD neuronal intercalation.
Mechanisms And Genetics Of Neurodevelopmental Cognitive Disorders
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Author : Moyra Smith
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2021-04-25
Mechanisms And Genetics Of Neurodevelopmental Cognitive Disorders written by Moyra Smith and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-04-25 with Medical categories.
Mechanisms and Genetics of Neurodevelopmental Cognitive Disorders connects neurodevelopment with genetics and behavior to better understand the underlying factors leading to cognitive neurodevelopmental disorders. This book focuses on mechanisms of disease and follows the development of specific brain regions, functions, and gene expression to causes and processes in autism, attention deficit disorder, and learning disabilities. Topics include brain mapping, brain plasticity, epigenetics, neuroimmunology, and many other factors that influence the development of these diseases. This book will promote understanding of recent investigations and developments related to brain development from fetal life onward with specific relevance to neurodevelopmental cognitive disorders and conditions. This is an essential reference for anyone who is looking to learn more about different aspects of neurodevelopment and emerging concepts in psychiatric disorders. Discusses links between brain development, gene expression, and brain function Covers neural stem cells, proliferation, migration, differentiation, and neurogenesis Includes brain mapping, brain plasticity, epigenetics, neuroimmunology, and more Provides insight into causation and brain function in autism, attention deficit disorder, and learning disabilities Examines impact of society and environmental factors on mental health
Neurodevelopmental Disorders
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Author : Bin Chen
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2020-05-24
Neurodevelopmental Disorders written by Bin Chen and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-05-24 with Medical categories.
Neurodevelopmental Disorders, the latest release in the Comprehensive Developmental Neuroscience series, presents the most thorough coverage available, addressing all aspects on how the nervous system and its components develop. This book brings together the latest research in this rapidly evolving field, with section editors discussing the technological advances that are enabling the pursuit of new research on brain development. This volume focuses on neurodevelopmental disorders in humans and experimental organisms. Particular attention is paid to the effects of abnormal development and on new psychiatric/neurological treatments being developed based on our increased understanding of developmental mechanisms. Features leading experts in various subfields as section editors and article authors Presents articles that have been peer reviewed to ensure accuracy, thoroughness and scholarship Covers disorders of the nervous system that arise through defects in neural development
Factors Affecting Neurodevelopment
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Author : Colin R Martin
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2021-05-29
Factors Affecting Neurodevelopment written by Colin R Martin and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-05-29 with Psychology categories.
Factors Affecting Neurodevelopment: Genetics, Neurology, Behavior, and Diet is a comprehensive reference on the genetic and behavioral features associated with proper and abnormal development. The book discusses the mechanisms underlying neurological development and provides readers with a detailed introduction to the neural connections and complexities in biological circuitries, as well as the physiological, behavioral, molecular, and cellular features of neurodevelopment. In addition, the book examines in vitro and in vivo modeling of development with stem cells and model systems. Provides the most comprehensive coverage of a broad range of topics relating to the neuroscience of development Features sections on the genetics of developmental conditions and accompanying behavior Contains an abstract, key facts, mini dictionary of terms, and summary points to aid in understanding in each chapter Focuses on neurodevelopmental disorders and environmental factors that influence neural development Includes more than 500 illustrations and tables
Diagnosis Management And Modeling Of Neurodevelopmental Disorders
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Author : Colin R. Martin
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2021-05-29
Diagnosis Management And Modeling Of Neurodevelopmental Disorders written by Colin R. Martin and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-05-29 with Medical categories.
Diagnosis, Management and Modeling of Neurodevelopmental Disorders: The Neuroscience of Development is a comprehensive reference on the diagnosis and management of neurodevelopment and associated disorders. The book discusses the mechanisms underlying neurological development and provides readers with a detailed introduction to the neural connections and complexities in biological circuitries, as well as the interactions between genetics, epigenetics and other micro-environmental processes. In addition, the book also examines the pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions of development-related conditions. Provides the most comprehensive coverage of the broad range of topics relating to the neuroscience of aging Features sections on the genetics that influences aging and diseases of aging Contains an abstract, key facts, a mini dictionary of terms, and summary points in each chapter Focuses on neurological diseases and conditions linked to aging, environmental factors and clinical recommendations Includes more than 500 illustrations and tables
Handbook Of Neurodevelopmental And Genetic Disorders In Children 2 E
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Author : Sam Goldstein
language : en
Publisher: Guilford Press
Release Date : 2010-10-19
Handbook Of Neurodevelopmental And Genetic Disorders In Children 2 E written by Sam Goldstein and has been published by Guilford Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-10-19 with Psychology categories.
Recognized as the definitive reference in the field, this book addresses a broad range of biologically based disorders that affect children's learning and development. Leading authorities review the genetics of each disorder; its course and outcome; associated developmental, cognitive, and psychosocial challenges; and what clinicians and educators need to know about effective approaches to assessment and intervention. Coverage encompasses more frequently diagnosed learning and behavior problems with a genetic component as well as numerous lower-incidence neurodevelopmental disabilities. Illustrations include 12 color plates.
Neurodevelopmental Pediatrics
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Author : David D. Eisenstat
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2023-02-22
Neurodevelopmental Pediatrics written by David D. Eisenstat and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-02-22 with Medical categories.
This book explores the interrelationship of genetics, the environment, or both, in the causation of three neurodevelopmental disorders: autism/autism spectrum disorder (ASD), fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), and cerebral palsy (CP). It links common clinical problems in developmental pediatrics and pediatric neurology to current concepts and translational research advances in developmental neurosciences, medical genetics, and related disciplines. The first section of the book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of development of the brain, including topics such as neuronal stem cells, epigenetics, and the influence of the prenatal environment. The next three sections analyze the epidemiology, diagnosis, interventions, and controversies and research directions associated with each of the three neurodevelopmental disorders. It also examines co-morbidities common to all three disorders, such as disturbed sleep, seizures, behavioral disorders, and pain. It concludes by highlighting the impact of ASD, FASD, and CP on family dynamics and provides tools and resources based on foundational concepts such as neuroethics, bioinformatics, community engagement, and advocacy. Learning objectives, key points, clinical vignettes, and multiple choice questions are incorporated throughout the book. With its comprehensive treatment of disease mechanisms, genetics, and pathophysiology associated with these disorders and its discussion of potential therapies and novel treatments, Neurodevelopmental Pediatrics: Genetic and Environmental Influences is an essential resource for developmental pediatricians, child neurologists, fellows, residents and graduate students.
Neurodevelopment And Schizophrenia
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Author : Matcheri S. Keshavan
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2004-11-18
Neurodevelopment And Schizophrenia written by Matcheri S. Keshavan and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-11-18 with Medical categories.
This book was originally published in 2004 and concerns developmental neurobiology. In the decade preceding publication, developmental neurobiology made important strides towards elucidating the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders. Nowhere has this link between basic science and clinical insights become clearer than in the field of schizophrenia research. Each contributor to this volume provides a fresh overview of the relevant research, including directions for further investigation. The book begins with a section on advances in developmental neurobiology. This is followed by sections on etiological and pathophysiological developments, and models that integrate this knowledge. The final section addresses the clinical insights that emerge from the developmental models. This book will be valuable to researchers in psychiatry and neurobiology, students in psychology, and all mental health practitioners.