A Small Scale Laboratory Dispersant Effectiveness Test
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A Small Scale Laboratory Dispersant Effectiveness Test
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Author : D. Mackay
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1978
A Small Scale Laboratory Dispersant Effectiveness Test written by D. Mackay and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1978 with Application categories.
A small-scale laboratory system is described in which known amounts of oil and dispersant are introduced on a water surface at a controlled temperature and turbulence and the dispersion behavior observed. Turbulence is provided by circulating an air current over the oil-water surface, thus simulating, to some extent, natural wave action and avoiding the atypical turbulence introduced by mechanical agitation devices. Oil adherence to solid surfaces is minimized. The apparatus is believed to be particularly suitable for studying the effectiveness and behavior of dispersants under conditions where little or no artificial turbulence is provided. The design and performance of the apparatus is described and some results presented in which turbulence, oil-to-dispersant ratio, and temperature are varied. The system is suitable for close observation of the dispersion process and subsequent emulsified oil behavior. The advantages and disadvantages of the system are outlined and the possibility of relating sea state to conditions in the apparatus is discussed.
Drop Size And Dispersant Effectiveness
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Author : Randall Charles Belore
language : en
Publisher: S.L. Ross Environmental Research Limited
Release Date : 1987
Drop Size And Dispersant Effectiveness written by Randall Charles Belore and has been published by S.L. Ross Environmental Research Limited this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1987 with Dispersing agents categories.
Drop Size And Dispersant Effectiveness
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Author : Randy Belore
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1997
Drop Size And Dispersant Effectiveness written by Randy Belore and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with categories.
Standard Dispersant Effectiveness And Toxicity Tests
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Author : Leo T. McCarthy
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1973
Standard Dispersant Effectiveness And Toxicity Tests written by Leo T. McCarthy and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1973 with Biochemical oxygen demand categories.
A brief history of the development of the Standard EPA Dispersant Effectiveness and Toxicity tests is outlined. The standard tests are presented and discussed. An analysis of variance is performed on the data developed by three independent laboratories in order to determine the reproducibility of standard test procedures. In the standard effectiveness test, oil is applied to the water surface in a cylindrical tank. Dispersant is applied in a fine stream and then mixing energy is supplied by a pressurized water stream. The tank contents are recirculated after which samples are withdrawn for extraction and spectrophotometric analysis. The standard toxicity test involves exposing three species (Pimephales promelas, Fundulus heteroclitus, and Artemia salina) to dispersant and oil/dispersant mixtures. From these tests a curve relating organism survival to material concentrations is developed to determine median tolerance limits. Separate discussion sections include the statistical analyses of "testing the test" results for reproducibility and the rationale for selecting the test procedures as presented.
Oil Spill Dispersants
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Author : Committee on Understanding Oil Spill Dispersants: Efficacy and Effects
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005
Oil Spill Dispersants written by Committee on Understanding Oil Spill Dispersants: Efficacy and Effects and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Nature categories.
Approximately 3 million gallons of oil or refined petroleum products are spilled into U.S. waters every year. Oil dispersants (chemical agents such as surfactants, solvents, and other compounds) are used to reduce the effect of oil spills by changing the chemical and physical properties of the oil. By enhancing the amount of oil that physically mixes into the water, dispersants can reduce the potential that a surface slick will contaminate shoreline habitats. Although called for in the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 as a tool for minimizing the impact of oil spills, the use of chemical dispersants has long been controversial. This book reviews the adequacy of existing information and ongoing research regarding the effectiveness of dispersants as an oil spill response technique, as well as the effect of dispersed oil on marine and coastal ecosystems. Oil Spill Dispersants also includes recommended steps for policy makers faced with making hard choices regarding the use of dispersants as part of spill contingency planning efforts or during actual spills.
Chemical Dispersants For The Control Of Oil Spills
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Author : L. T. McCarthy
language : en
Publisher: ASTM International
Release Date : 1978
Chemical Dispersants For The Control Of Oil Spills written by L. T. McCarthy and has been published by ASTM International this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1978 with Science categories.
Mid Scale Testing Of Dispersant Effectiveness
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Author : Randy Belore
language : en
Publisher: S.L. Ross Environmental Research Limited
Release Date : 1987
Mid Scale Testing Of Dispersant Effectiveness written by Randy Belore and has been published by S.L. Ross Environmental Research Limited this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1987 with Corexit (Trademark) categories.
The objective was to develop a mid-scale test for dispersant effectiveness that incorporates all the factors believed to be important in the field use of dispersants. Such a test would permit a realistic evaluation of dispersant effectiveness prior to expensive offshore test. An extensive review of the published literature was undertaken to identify the essential components of the chemical dispersion process and the problems and successes that have been encountered in past effectiveness tests. The major shortfall of the many bench-scale effectiveness tests developed over the years has been their inability to model accurately dispersant application, dispersant-oil-water interaction and mixing energy. These aspects of dispersant effectiveness testing were incorporated in our design.
A Field Dispersant Effectiveness Test
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Author : Anibal Diaz
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1987
A Field Dispersant Effectiveness Test written by Anibal Diaz and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1987 with Oil pollution of the sea categories.
Epa 600 7
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1980
Epa 600 7 written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1980 with categories.
Oil Spill Chemical Dispersants
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Author : Tom E. Allen
language : en
Publisher: ASTM International
Release Date : 1984
Oil Spill Chemical Dispersants written by Tom E. Allen and has been published by ASTM International this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1984 with Technology & Engineering categories.