Standard Dispersant Effectiveness And Toxicity Tests

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Standard Dispersant Effectiveness And Toxicity Tests

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Author : Leo T. McCarthy
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1973

Standard Dispersant Effectiveness And Toxicity Tests written by Leo T. McCarthy and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1973 with Biochemical oxygen demand categories.

A brief history of the development of the Standard EPA Dispersant Effectiveness and Toxicity tests is outlined. The standard tests are presented and discussed. An analysis of variance is performed on the data developed by three independent laboratories in order to determine the reproducibility of standard test procedures. In the standard effectiveness test, oil is applied to the water surface in a cylindrical tank. Dispersant is applied in a fine stream and then mixing energy is supplied by a pressurized water stream. The tank contents are recirculated after which samples are withdrawn for extraction and spectrophotometric analysis. The standard toxicity test involves exposing three species (Pimephales promelas, Fundulus heteroclitus, and Artemia salina) to dispersant and oil/dispersant mixtures. From these tests a curve relating organism survival to material concentrations is developed to determine median tolerance limits. Separate discussion sections include the statistical analyses of "testing the test" results for reproducibility and the rationale for selecting the test procedures as presented.

Standard Dispersant Effectiveness And Toxicity Tests

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Author : Leo T. McCarthy
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1973

Standard Dispersant Effectiveness And Toxicity Tests written by Leo T. McCarthy and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1973 with Biochemical oxygen demand categories.

Standard Dispersant Effectiveness And Toxicity Tests

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Author : Leo T. McCarthy
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1973

Standard Dispersant Effectiveness And Toxicity Tests written by Leo T. McCarthy and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1973 with Biochemical oxygen demand categories.

A brief history of the development of the Standard EPA Dispersant Effectiveness and Toxicity tests is outlined. The standard tests are presented and discussed. An analysis of variance is performed on the data developed by three independent laboratories in order to determine the reproducibility of standard test procedures. In the standard effectiveness test, oil is applied to the water surface in a cylindrical tank. Dispersant is applied in a fine stream and then mixing energy is supplied by a pressurized water stream. The tank contents are recirculated after which samples are withdrawn for extraction and spectrophotometric analysis. The standard toxicity test involves exposing three species (Pimephales promelas, Fundulus heteroclitus, and Artemia salina) to dispersant and oil/dispersant mixtures. From these tests a curve relating organism survival to material concentrations is developed to determine median tolerance limits. Separate discussion sections include the statistical analyses of "testing the test" results for reproducibility and the rationale for selecting the test procedures as presented.

Standard Dispersant Effectiveness And Toxicity Tests With List Of References

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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1973

Standard Dispersant Effectiveness And Toxicity Tests With List Of References written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1973 with categories.

Standard Dispersant Effectiveness And Toxicity Tests

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Author : U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
language : en
Publisher: BiblioGov
Release Date : 2013-11

Standard Dispersant Effectiveness And Toxicity Tests written by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and has been published by BiblioGov this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11 with categories.

Standard Tests For Measuring Oil Dispersant Toxicity And Emulsion Efficiency

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Author : National Marine Water Quality Laboratory
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1969

Standard Tests For Measuring Oil Dispersant Toxicity And Emulsion Efficiency written by National Marine Water Quality Laboratory and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1969 with Emulsions categories.

An Evaluation Of Chemical Dispersants For Use On Oil Spills At Sea

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Author : Jack W. Anderson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1984

An Evaluation Of Chemical Dispersants For Use On Oil Spills At Sea written by Jack W. Anderson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1984 with Dispersing agents categories.

"Fourteen chemical dispersants designed to apply to spilled oil at sea were evaluated using standard toxicity tests with a mysid shrimp (Mysidopsis bahia) and a standard effectiveness test using the Mackay, Nadeau, Steelman (MNS) apparatus. Ratios of dispersant to oil required to maintain 90% dispersions of oil in seawater (15°C and 30 parts per thousand, ppt) with a standard mixing energy (1.0 inch of water pressure) of air flow were derived for each chemical using Prudhoe Bay crude oil...Data on toxicity, effectiveness and cost of each product were combined in straightforward equations to provide an overall assessment of the relative merits of the oil spill chemicals. When a decision is made by regional response authorities to mitigate the damage of spilled oil to the shoreline, our findings should aid in the selection of a cost-effective low toxicity product"--Abstract (leaf 1).

Standard Test Method For Laboratory Oil Spill Dispersant Effectiveness Using The Swirling Flask

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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date :

Standard Test Method For Laboratory Oil Spill Dispersant Effectiveness Using The Swirling Flask written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.

Oil Spill Dispersants

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Author : Committee on Understanding Oil Spill Dispersants: Efficacy and Effects
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005

Oil Spill Dispersants written by Committee on Understanding Oil Spill Dispersants: Efficacy and Effects and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Nature categories.

Approximately 3 million gallons of oil or refined petroleum products are spilled into U.S. waters every year. Oil dispersants (chemical agents such as surfactants, solvents, and other compounds) are used to reduce the effect of oil spills by changing the chemical and physical properties of the oil. By enhancing the amount of oil that physically mixes into the water, dispersants can reduce the potential that a surface slick will contaminate shoreline habitats. Although called for in the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 as a tool for minimizing the impact of oil spills, the use of chemical dispersants has long been controversial. This book reviews the adequacy of existing information and ongoing research regarding the effectiveness of dispersants as an oil spill response technique, as well as the effect of dispersed oil on marine and coastal ecosystems. Oil Spill Dispersants also includes recommended steps for policy makers faced with making hard choices regarding the use of dispersants as part of spill contingency planning efforts or during actual spills.

Code Of Federal Regulations

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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017

Code Of Federal Regulations written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with Administrative law categories.

Special edition of the Federal Register, containing a codification of documents of general applicability and future effect ... with ancillaries.