A Solution To The Ecological Inference Problem

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A Solution To The Ecological Inference Problem

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Author : Gary King
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2013-09-20

A Solution To The Ecological Inference Problem written by Gary King and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-09-20 with Political Science categories.

This book provides a solution to the ecological inference problem, which has plagued users of statistical methods for over seventy-five years: How can researchers reliably infer individual-level behavior from aggregate (ecological) data? In political science, this question arises when individual-level surveys are unavailable (for instance, local or comparative electoral politics), unreliable (racial politics), insufficient (political geography), or infeasible (political history). This ecological inference problem also confronts researchers in numerous areas of major significance in public policy, and other academic disciplines, ranging from epidemiology and marketing to sociology and quantitative history. Although many have attempted to make such cross-level inferences, scholars agree that all existing methods yield very inaccurate conclusions about the world. In this volume, Gary King lays out a unique--and reliable--solution to this venerable problem. King begins with a qualitative overview, readable even by those without a statistical background. He then unifies the apparently diverse findings in the methodological literature, so that only one aggregation problem remains to be solved. He then presents his solution, as well as empirical evaluations of the solution that include over 16,000 comparisons of his estimates from real aggregate data to the known individual-level answer. The method works in practice. King's solution to the ecological inference problem will enable empirical researchers to investigate substantive questions that have heretofore proved unanswerable, and move forward fields of inquiry in which progress has been stifled by this problem.

Ecological Inference

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Author : Gary King
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2004-09-13

Ecological Inference written by Gary King and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-09-13 with Nature categories.

Drawing upon the recent explosion of research in the field, a diverse group of scholars surveys the latest strategies for solving ecological inference problems, the process of trying to infer individual behavior from aggregate data. The uncertainties and information lost in aggregation make ecological inference one of the most difficult areas of statistical inference, but these inferences are required in many academic fields, as well as by legislatures and the Courts in redistricting, marketing research by business, and policy analysis by governments. This wide-ranging collection of essays offers many fresh and important contributions to the study of ecological inference.

Solution To The Ecological Inference Problem

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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1997

Solution To The Ecological Inference Problem written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with categories.

Cf.: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01132.v1.

Multivariate Analysis Of Ecological Data

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Author : Michael Greenacre
language : es
Publisher: Fundacion BBVA
Release Date : 2014-01-09

Multivariate Analysis Of Ecological Data written by Michael Greenacre and has been published by Fundacion BBVA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-01-09 with Ecology categories.

La diversidad biológica es fruto de la interacción entre numerosas especies, ya sean marinas, vegetales o animales, a la par que de los muchos factores limitantes que caracterizan el medio que habitan. El análisis multivariante utiliza las relaciones entre diferentes variables para ordenar los objetos de estudio según sus propiedades colectivas y luego clasificarlos; es decir, agrupar especies o ecosistemas en distintas clases compuestas cada una por entidades con propiedades parecidas. El fin último es relacionar la variabilidad biológica observada con las correspondientes características medioambientales. Multivariate Analysis of Ecological Data explica de manera completa y estructurada cómo analizar e interpretar los datos ecológicos observados sobre múltiples variables, tanto biológicos como medioambientales. Tras una introducción general a los datos ecológicos multivariantes y la metodología estadística, se abordan en capítulos específicos, métodos como aglomeración (clustering), regresión, biplots, escalado multidimensional, análisis de correspondencias (simple y canónico) y análisis log-ratio, con atención también a sus problemas de modelado y aspectos inferenciales. El libro plantea una serie de aplicaciones a datos reales derivados de investigaciones ecológicas, además de dos casos detallados que llevan al lector a apreciar los retos de análisis, interpretación y comunicación inherentes a los estudios a gran escala y los diseños complejos.

Unifying Political Methodology

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Author : Gary King
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 1989

Unifying Political Methodology written by Gary King and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989 with Mathematics categories.

In this book the author demonstrates the utility of the likelihood theory of statistical inference as a basic, unifying approach to statistical modelling for political research. This approach encourages the tailoring of models to particular phenomena studied.

Cross Level Inference

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Author : Christopher H. Achen
language : en
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Release Date : 1995-05-15

Cross Level Inference written by Christopher H. Achen and has been published by University of Chicago Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995-05-15 with Family & Relationships categories.

In the last several years, new disputes have erupted over the use of group averages from census areas or voting districts to draw inferences about individual social behavior. Social scientists, policy analysts, and historians often have little choice about using this kind of data, but statistical analysis of them is fraught with pitfalls. The recent debates have led to a new menu of choices for the applied researcher. This volume explains why older methods like ecological regression so often fail, and it gives the most comprehensive treatment available of the promising new techniques for cross-level inference. Experts in statistical analysis of aggregate data, Christopher H. Achen and W. Philips Shively contend that cross-level inference makes unusually strong demands on substantive knowledge, so that no one method, such as Goodman's ecological regression, will fit all situations. Criticizing Goodman's model and some recent attempts to replace it, the authors argue for a range of alternate techniques, including estensions of cross-tabular, regression analysis, and unobservable variable estimators.

Regression Analysis

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Author : Richard A. Berk
language : en
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Release Date : 2003-07-17

Regression Analysis written by Richard A. Berk and has been published by SAGE Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-07-17 with Social Science categories.

Berk has incisively identified the various strains of regression abuse and suggests practical steps for researchers who desire to do good social science while avoiding such errors." --Peter H. Rossi, University of Massachusetts, Amherst "I have been waiting for a book like this for some time. Practitioners, especially those doing applied work, will have much to gain from Berk′s volume, regardless of their level of statistical sophistication. Graduate students in sociology, education, public policy, and any number of similar fields should also use it. It will also be a useful foil for conventional texts for the teaching of the regression model. I plan to use it for my students as a text, and hope others will do the same." --Herbert Smith, Professor of Demography & Sociology, University of Pennsylvania Regression is often applied to questions for which it is ill equipped to answer. As a formal matter, conventional regression analysis does nothing more than produce from a data set a collection of conditional means and conditional variances. The problem, though, is that researchers typically want more: they want tests, confidence intervals and the ability to make causal claims. However, these capabilities require information external to that data themselves, and too often that information makes implausible demands on how nature is supposed to function. Convenience samples are treated as if they are random samples. Causal status is given to predictors that cannot be manipulated. Disturbance terms are assumed to behave not as nature might produce them, but as required by the model. Regression Analysis: A Constructive Critique identifies a wide variety of problems with regression analysis as it is commonly used and then provides a number of ways in which practice could be improved. Regression is most useful for data reduction, leading to relatively simple but rich and precise descriptions of patterns in a data set. The emphasis on description provides readers with an insightful rethinking from the ground up of what regression analysis can do, so that readers can better match regression analysis with useful empirical questions and improved policy-related research. "An interesting and lively text, rich in practical wisdom, written for people who do empirical work in the social sciences and their graduate students." --David A. Freedman, Professor of Statistics, University of California, Berkeley

Ecological Integrity

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Author : David Pimentel
language : en
Publisher: Island Press
Release Date : 2013-04-22

Ecological Integrity written by David Pimentel and has been published by Island Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-22 with Health & Fitness categories.

Global Integrity Project has brought together leading scientists and thinkers from around the world to examine the combined problems of threatened and unequal human well-being, degradation of the ecosphere, and unsustainable economies. Based on the proposition that healthy, functioning ecosystems are a necessary prerequisite for both economic security and social justice, the project is built around the concept of ecological integrity and its practical implications for policy and management. Ecological Integrity presents a synthesis and findings of the project. Contributors -- including Robert Goodland, James Karr, Orie Loucks, Jack Manno, William Rees, Mark Sagoff, Robert Ulanowicz, Philippe Crabbe, Laura Westra, David Pimentel, Reed Noss, and others -- examine the key elements of ecological integrity and consider what happens when integrity is lost or compromised. The book: examines historical and philosophical foundations of the concept of ecological integrity explores how integrity can be measured examines the relationships among ecological integrity, human health, and food production looks at economic and ethical issues that need to be considered in protecting ecological integrity offers concrete recommendations for reversing ecological degradation while promoting social and economic justice and welfare . Contributors argue that there is an urgent need for rapid and fundamental change in the ecologically destructive patterns of collective human behavior if society is to survive and thrive in coming decades. Ecological Integrity is a groundbreaking book that integrates environmental science, economics, law, and ethics in problem analysis, synthesis, and solution, and is a vital contribution for anyone concerned with interactions between human and planetary health.

Applying Graph Theory In Ecological Research

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Author : Mark R.T. Dale
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2017-11-09

Applying Graph Theory In Ecological Research written by Mark R.T. Dale and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-11-09 with Mathematics categories.

This book clearly describes the many applications of graph theory to ecological questions, providing instruction and encouragement to researchers.

Cause And Correlation In Biology

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Author : Bill Shipley
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2002-08

Cause And Correlation In Biology written by Bill Shipley and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-08 with Mathematics categories.

This book goes beyond the truism that 'correlation does not imply causation' and explores the logical and methodological relationships between correlation and causation. It presents a series of statistical methods that can test, and potentially discover, cause-effect relationships between variables in situations in which it is not possible to conduct randomised or experimentally controlled experiments. Many of these methods are quite new and most are generally unknown to biologists. In addition to describing how to conduct these statistical tests, the book also puts the methods into historical context and explains when they can and cannot justifiably be used to test or discover causal claims. Written in a conversational style that minimises technical jargon, the book is aimed at practising biologists and advanced students, and assumes only a very basic knowledge of introductory statistics.