A Translational Investigation Of Positive And Negative Behavioral Contrast
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A Translational Investigation Of Positive And Negative Behavioral Contrast
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Author : Megan A. Boyle
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
A Translational Investigation Of Positive And Negative Behavioral Contrast written by Megan A. Boyle and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
Behavioral contrast occurs when a change in reinforcement rate in one context causes behavior to change in the opposite direction in another context. Positive contrast occurs when a decrease in the rate of reinforcement in one context results in an increase in behavior in another context. Negative contrast occurs when an increase in the rate of reinforcement in one context results in a decrease in behavior in another context. Research with nonhumans has found that positive contrast is more reliably produced than negative contrast. Research with nonhumans has also found that positive contrast is influenced to a larger degree by changes in reinforcement rate in the following context (vs. in the preceding context); however, results regarding negative contrast and the influence of preceding versus following contexts have been mixed. Finally, within-session contrast effects have been demonstrated in nonhumans. Relative to the entire environmental context, the largest change in behavior occurs immediately prior to (anticipatory contrast) or immediately following (local contrast) the change in reinforcement rate. Behavioral contrast has applied implications, in that practitioners may only be able to implement interventions in one context, which may result in concomitant worsening of behavior in other contexts. Few studies with humans have compared positive and negative contrast, and none have separated preceding- and following schedule effects or have systematically investigated within-session contrast. The purpose of this study was to investigate these effects in humans in a translational arrangement. Positive contrast was found in five of six cases, while negative contrast was found in only three of six. The effect of the following schedule was larger with positive contrast, but the effect of the preceding schedule was larger with negative contrast. There were no systematic within-session effects characteristic of anticipatory or local effects.
Behavior Analysis And Learning
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Author : W. David Pierce
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2017-06-14
Behavior Analysis And Learning written by W. David Pierce and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-06-14 with Psychology categories.
Using a consistent Skinnerian perspective, Behavior Analysis and Learning: A Biobehavioral Approach, Sixth Edition provides an advanced introduction to the principles of behavior analysis and learned behaviors, covering a full range of principles from basic respondent and operant conditioning through applied behavior analysis into cultural design. The textbook uses Darwinian, neurophysiological, and biological theories and research to inform B. F. Skinner’s philosophy of radical behaviorism. The sixth edition expands focus on neurophysiological mechanisms and their relation to the experimental analysis of behavior, providing updated studies and references to reflect current expansions and changes in the field of behavior analysis. By bringing together ideas from behavior analysis, neuroscience, and epigenetics under a selectionist framework, this textbook facilitates understanding of behavior at environmental, genetic, and neurophysiological levels. This "grand synthesis" of behavior, neuroscience, and neurobiology roots behavior firmly in biology. The book includes special sections, "New Directions," "Focus On," "Note On," "On the Applied Side," and "Advanced Section," which enhance student learning and provide greater insight on specific topics. This book is a valuable resource for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in psychology or other behavior-based disciplines, especially behavioral neuroscience. For additional resources to use alongside the textbook, consult the Companion Website at www.routledge.com/cw/pierce.
Behavior Analysis And Learning
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Author : Erin B. Rasmussen
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2022-12-30
Behavior Analysis And Learning written by Erin B. Rasmussen and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-12-30 with Psychology categories.
Using a behavioral perspective, Behavior Analysis and Learning provides an advanced introduction to the principles of behavior analysis and learned behaviors, covering a full range of principles from basic respondent and operant conditioning through applied behavior analysis into cultural design. The text uses Darwinian, neurophysiological, and biological theories and research to inform B. F. Skinner’s philosophy of radical behaviorism. The seventh edition expands the focus on neurophysiological mechanisms and their relation to the experimental analysis of behavior, providing updated studies and references to reflect current expansions and changes in the field of behavior analysis. By bringing together ideas from behavior analysis, neuroscience, epigenetics, and culture under a selectionist framework, the text facilitates understanding of behavior at environmental, genetic, neurophysiological, and sociocultural levels. This "grand synthesis" of behavior, neuroscience, and neurobiology roots behavior firmly in biology. The text includes special sections, "New Directions," "Focus On," "Note On," "On the Applied Side," and "Advanced Section," which enhance student learning and provide greater insight on specific topics. This edition was also updated for more inclusive language and representation of people and research across race, ethnicity, sexuality, gender identity, and neurodiversity. Behavior Analysis and Learning is a valuable resource for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in psychology or other behavior-based disciplines, especially behavioral neuroscience. The text is supported by Support Material that features a robust set of instructor and student resources: www.routledge.com/9781032065144.
Experimentos Cl Ssicos Em An Lise Do Comportamento
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Author : Paulo Guerra Soares
language : pt-BR
Publisher: Instituto Walden4
Release Date : 2016-09-01
Experimentos Cl Ssicos Em An Lise Do Comportamento written by Paulo Guerra Soares and has been published by Instituto Walden4 this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-09-01 with Psychology categories.
Descrições de experimentos clássicos em Análise do Comportamento com uma linguagem acessível e didática. Cada capítulo também traz desdobramentos e aplicações de cada experimento.
Behavior Analysis
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Author : Henry S. Roane
language : en
Publisher: Guilford Publications
Release Date : 2024-01-10
Behavior Analysis written by Henry S. Roane and has been published by Guilford Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-01-10 with Psychology categories.
This is the first comprehensive volume to bridge the gap between the science of behavior and applied behavior analysis (ABA). The book demonstrates how laboratory research informs real-world interventions to facilitate behavior change, and vice versa. Most of the chapters are written by researcher–clinician collaborators, who highlight commonalities and differences in the ways they conceptualize behavior and collect, analyze, and use data. Chapters present translational perspectives on conditioning, reinforcement, extinction, choice, verbal behavior, and more. Ethical considerations in translational research are explored. Training in foundational knowledge is a key requirement for behavior analyst certification, making this a needed resource for current and future ABA practitioners.
Translation And Web Searching
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Author : Vanessa Enríquez Raído
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2013-11-07
Translation And Web Searching written by Vanessa Enríquez Raído and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-07 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
The book presents a comprehensive study of various cognitive and affective aspects of web searching for translation problem solving. Research into the use of the web as an external aid of consultation has frequently occupied a secondary position in the investigation of translation processes. The book aims to bridge this gap in the literature. Beginning with a detailed survey of previous studies of these processes, it then focuses on web search behaviors using qualitative and quantitative analysis that presents a multifaceted overview of translation-oriented web searching. The book concludes by addressing the implications for the teaching of and research into translators’ web searching skills. With regard to teaching, the book's didactic discussions will make it a valuable tool for both translator trainers and translation students wanting to familiarize themselves with the intricacies of Web searching and to reflect upon the pedagogical implications of the study for acquiring online information literacy in translator training.
Parenting Matters
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Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2016-11-21
Parenting Matters written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-11-21 with Social Science categories.
Decades of research have demonstrated that the parent-child dyad and the environment of the familyâ€"which includes all primary caregiversâ€"are at the foundation of children's well- being and healthy development. From birth, children are learning and rely on parents and the other caregivers in their lives to protect and care for them. The impact of parents may never be greater than during the earliest years of life, when a child's brain is rapidly developing and when nearly all of her or his experiences are created and shaped by parents and the family environment. Parents help children build and refine their knowledge and skills, charting a trajectory for their health and well-being during childhood and beyond. The experience of parenting also impacts parents themselves. For instance, parenting can enrich and give focus to parents' lives; generate stress or calm; and create any number of emotions, including feelings of happiness, sadness, fulfillment, and anger. Parenting of young children today takes place in the context of significant ongoing developments. These include: a rapidly growing body of science on early childhood, increases in funding for programs and services for families, changing demographics of the U.S. population, and greater diversity of family structure. Additionally, parenting is increasingly being shaped by technology and increased access to information about parenting. Parenting Matters identifies parenting knowledge, attitudes, and practices associated with positive developmental outcomes in children ages 0-8; universal/preventive and targeted strategies used in a variety of settings that have been effective with parents of young children and that support the identified knowledge, attitudes, and practices; and barriers to and facilitators for parents' use of practices that lead to healthy child outcomes as well as their participation in effective programs and services. This report makes recommendations directed at an array of stakeholders, for promoting the wide-scale adoption of effective programs and services for parents and on areas that warrant further research to inform policy and practice. It is meant to serve as a roadmap for the future of parenting policy, research, and practice in the United States.
Anhedonia Preclinical Translational And Clinical Integration
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Author : Diego A. Pizzagalli
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-08-08
Anhedonia Preclinical Translational And Clinical Integration written by Diego A. Pizzagalli and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-08-08 with Medical categories.
Anhedonia is a key symptom (and often risk factor) for various neuropsychiatric disorders, including depression, schizophrenia, substance use disorders, post-traumatic stress disorders, and Parkinson's Disease, among others. Across disorders, anhedonia has been associated with worse disease course, including poor response to pharmacological, psychological and neurostimulation treatments as well as completed suicide. Mounting evidence emerging from preclinical and translational sciences has clarified that "anhedonia" can be parsed into partially independent subcomponents, including incentive motivation, consummatory pleasure, reward learning, and effort-based decision making, pointing to distinct neurobiological substrates that could underlie anhedonic phenotypes. Taking an integrative approach that emphasizes cross-species integration and dimensional conceptualization of mental illnesses (e.g., Research Domain Criteria (RDoC)), this book represents the most comprehensive evaluation, synthesis and integration of theories and empirical findings focused on anhedonia. Organized across five parts, the handbook starts with chapters on the history, etiology, and assessments of anhedonia (Part I), followed by a section on the role of anhedonia in psychiatric and neurological disorders (Part II). Using the RDoC Matrix as a guide, Part III presents chapters synthetizing preclinical and clinical findings on different reward processing subdomains (e.g., reward responsiveness, reward valuation, reward learning). Part IV is focused on selected special topics, including historical and current perspectives on the transdiagnostic nature and importance of social anhedonia, the role of inflammation in the pathophysiology of anhedonia, the use of computational modeling to “dissect” anhedonia and improve its understanding, and links between anhedonia and suicide. Finally, Part V includes chapters on pharmacological, psychological and neurostimulation treatments for anhedonia.
Contesting Epistemologies In Cognitive Translation And Interpreting Studies
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Author : Sandra L. Halverson
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2021-12-30
Contesting Epistemologies In Cognitive Translation And Interpreting Studies written by Sandra L. Halverson and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-12-30 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This dynamic collection synthesizes and critically reflects on epistemological challenges and developments within Cognitive Translation and Interpreting Studies, problematizing a range of issues. These critical essays provide a means of encouraging further development by grounding new theories, stances, and best practices. The volume is a clear marker of a maturing discipline, as decades of empirical study and methodological innovation provide the backdrop for critique and debate. The volume exemplifies tendencies toward convergence and difference, while at the same time pushing against disciplinary boundaries and structures. Constructs such as expertise and process are explored, and different theories of cognition are brought to the table. A number of chapters consider what it might mean for translation to be a form of situated, or 4EA cognition, while others query interdisciplinary relationships of foundational importance to the field. Issues of methodology are also addressed in terms of their underlying philosophical assumptions and implications. This book will be of interest to scholars working at the intersection of translation and cognition, in such fields as translation studies, cognitive science, psycholinguistics, semiotics, and philosophy of science.
Translational Neuroimaging
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Author : Robert A. McArthur
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2012-10-26
Translational Neuroimaging written by Robert A. McArthur and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-10-26 with Medical categories.
This book covers methodical issues in human and animal neuroimaging translational research as well as detailed applied examples of the use of neuroimaging in neuropsychiatric disorders and the development of drugs for their treatment. Offering an accompanying website with illustrations and text available for further knowledge and presentations, Translational Neuroimaging: Tools for CNS Drug Discovery, Development and Treatment appeals to non-clinical and clinical neuroscientists working in and studying neuropsychiatric disorders and their treatment as well as providing the novice researcher or researcher outside of his/her expertise the opportunity to understand the background of translational research and the use of imaging in this field. Provides a background to translational research and the use of brain imaging in neuropsychiatric disorders.