A Unified Theory Of Polarity Sensitivity
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A Unified Theory Of Polarity Sensitivity
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Author : Ahmad Alqassas
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2021
A Unified Theory Of Polarity Sensitivity written by Ahmad Alqassas and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Polarity sensitivity is a ubiquitous phenomenon involving expressions such as anybody, nobody, ever, never, somebody and their counterparts in other languages. These expressions belong to different classes such as negative and positive polarity, negative concord, and negative indefinites. In this book, Ahmad Alqassas proposes a unified approach to the study of this phenomenon that relies on examining the interaction between the various types of polarity sensitivity, with a particular focus on Arabic. Alqassas shows that treating this interaction is fundamental for scrutinizing their licensing conditions. Alqassas draws on data from Standard Arabic and the major regional dialects represented by Jordanian, Egyptian, Moroccan, and Qatari. Through the (micro)comparative approach, Alqassas explains the distributional contrasts with a minimal set of universal syntactic operations such as Merge, Move, and Agree. He also considers a fine-grained inventory of negative formal features for polarity items and their licensors. These simple features paint a complex landscape of polarity and lead to important conclusions about syntactic computation. By engaging with the rich but under-studied landscape of Arabic polarity sensitivity, this book provides a new perspective on the syntax-semantic interface and develops a unified syntactic analysis for polarity sensitivity. These contributions have important implications for the study of Arabic and for syntactic theory more generally.
A Unified Theory Of Polarity Sensitivity
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Author : Ahmad Alqassas
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021
A Unified Theory Of Polarity Sensitivity written by Ahmad Alqassas and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with Polarity (Linguistics) categories.
Polarity sensitivity is a ubiquitous phenomenon involving expressions such as anybody, nobody, ever, never, somebody and their counterparts in other languages. These expressions belong to different classes such as negative and positive polarity, negative concord, and negative indefinites.0In this book, Ahmad Alqassas proposes a unified approach to the study of this phenomenon that relies on examining the interaction between the various types of polarity sensitivity, with a particular focus on Arabic. Alqassas shows that treating this interaction is fundamental for scrutinizing their licensing conditions. Alqassas draws on data from Standard Arabic and the major regional dialects represented by Jordanian, Egyptian, Moroccan, and Qatari. Through the (micro)comparative approach,0Alqassas explains the distributional contrasts with a minimal set of universal syntactic operations such as Merge, Move, and Agree. He also considers a fine-grained inventory of negative formal features for polarity items and their licensors. These simple features paint a complex landscape of polarity and lead to important conclusions about syntactic computation. 0By engaging with the rich but under-studied landscape of Arabic polarity sensitivity, this book provides a new perspective on the syntax-semantic interface and develops a unified syntactic analysis for polarity sensitivity. These contributions have important implications for the study of Arabic and for syntactic theory more generally.
A Unified Theory Of Verbal And Nominal Projections
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Author : Yoshiki Ogawa
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2001-11-29
A Unified Theory Of Verbal And Nominal Projections written by Yoshiki Ogawa and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-11-29 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Syntactically speaking, it has long been known that noun phrases are parallel to clauses in many respects. While most syntactic theories incorporate this principle, nouns have generally been regarded as inferior to verbs in terms of their licensing abilities, and nominal projections have been regarded as less complex than verbal projections in terms of the number of functional categories that they contain. Ogawa, however, argues that clauses and noun phrases are perfectly parallel. This book provides a unified theory of clauses and noun phrases, ultimately helping to simplify numerous thorny issues in the syntax/morphology interface.
Perspectives On Negation And Polarity Items
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Author : Jack Hoeksema
language : en
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing
Release Date : 2001-05-17
Perspectives On Negation And Polarity Items written by Jack Hoeksema and has been published by John Benjamins Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-05-17 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Perspectives on Negation and Polarity Items contains a selection of papers on the semantics, acquisition and licensing behavior of negation. Negation, being one of the prevalent features of any human language, has many facets of interest to linguists, psychologists and philosophers alike. In recent years, much attention has been paid to the complicated distributional patterns of polarity items. Many of the contributions in this volume are devoted to the study of one or more of these items in langages such as English (Laurence Horn, Anita Mittwoch, Chris Kennedy), Dutch (Jack Hoeksema and Hotze Rullmann, Henny Klein, Gertjan Postma), German (Gabriel Falkenberg), Hindi (Utpal Lahiri) and Greek (Anastasia Giannakidou). In addition, some general issues surrounding negation are addressed, such as the characterization of the notion “strength of negation” (Jay Atlas), the problem of NEG-raising (Lucia Tovena), the interaction of negation and modality (Johan van der Auwera) and the acquisition of negation (Kenneth Drozd).
Information Structure In Indigenous Languages Of The Americas
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Author : José Camacho
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter
Release Date : 2010-07-30
Information Structure In Indigenous Languages Of The Americas written by José Camacho and has been published by Walter de Gruyter this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-07-30 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
The study of the interaction between syntax and information structure has attracted a great deal of attention since the publication of foundational works on this subject such as Enric Vallduví's (1992) The Informational Component and Knud Lambrecht's (1994) Information Structure and Sentence Form. The book inserts itself in this contemporary interest by providing a collection of articles on different aspects of the syntax-pragmatics interface in the indigenous languages of The Americas. The first chapter provides a brief introduction of the some of the basic descriptive issues addressed in them, and of some of the theoretical tools that have been developed to analyze them. The reader finds articles that focus mostly on empirical issues, while others are mostly oriented to theoretical issues. Diverse theoretical approaches are addressed, including Minimalism, Optimality-theoretic syntax, and Meaning-Text Theory. The volume includes articles on the following topics: the grammatical means to encode pragmatic notions in Tariana (A. Aikhenvald); the relation between clause structure and information structure in Lushootseed (D. Beck); the split distribution of null subjects in Shipibo (J. Camacho and J. Elías-Ulloa); the syntactic structure of left-peripheral discourse-related functions in Kuikuro (B. Franchetto and M. Santos), an agglutinative and head final language; word order and focus patterns in Yaqui (L. Guerrero and V. Belloro); SVO and topicalization in Yucatec Maya (R. Gutiérrez-Bravo and J. Monforte); the structure of the left-periphery in Karaja (Maia) and the interaction between the wh-words and polarity sensitivity in Southern Quechua (L. Sánchez).
Negative Concord A Hundred Years On
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Author : Johan van der Auwera
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Release Date : 2024-11-18
Negative Concord A Hundred Years On written by Johan van der Auwera and has been published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-11-18 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
The concept of ‘negative concord’ refers to the seemingly multiple exponence of semantically single negation as in You ain’t seen nothing yet. This book takes stock of what has been achieved since the notion was introduced in 1922 by Otto Jespersen and sets the agenda for future research, with an eye towards increased cross-fertilization between theoretical perspectives and methodological tools. Major issues include (i) How can formal and typological approaches complement each other in uncovering and accounting for cross-linguistic variation? (ii) How can corpus work steer theoretical analyses? (iii) What is the contribution of diachronic research to the theoretical debates?
Understanding Natural Language Understanding
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Author : Erik Cambria
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2024-10-22
Understanding Natural Language Understanding written by Erik Cambria and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-10-22 with Computers categories.
About half a century ago, AI pioneers like Marvin Minsky embarked on the ambitious project of emulating how the human mind encodes and decodes meaning. While today we have a better understanding of the brain thanks to neuroscience, we are still far from unlocking the secrets of the mind, especially when it comes to language, the prime example of human intelligence. “Understanding natural language understanding”, i.e., understanding how the mind encodes and decodes meaning through language, is a significant milestone in our journey towards creating machines that genuinely comprehend human language. Large language models (LLMs) such as GPT-4 have astounded us with their ability to generate coherent, contextually relevant text, seemingly bridging the gap between human and machine communication. Yet, despite their impressive capabilities, these models operate on statistical patterns rather than true comprehension. This textbook delves into the nuanced differences between these two paradigms and explores the future of AI as we strive to achieve true natural language understanding (NLU). LLMs excel at identifying and replicating patterns within vast datasets, producing responses that appear intelligent and meaningful. They can generate text that mimics human writing styles, provide summaries of complex documents, and even engage in extended dialogues with users. However, their limitations become evident when they encounter tasks that require deeper understanding, reasoning, and contextual knowledge. An NLU system that deconstructs meaning leveraging linguistics and semiotics (on top of statistical analysis) represents a more profound level of language comprehension. It involves understanding context in a manner similar to human cognition, discerning subtle meanings, implications, and nuances that current LLMs might miss or misinterpret. NLU grasps the semantics behind words and sentences, comprehending synonyms, metaphors, idioms, and abstract concepts with precision. This textbook explores the current state of LLMs, their capabilities and limitations, and contrasts them with the aspirational goals of NLU. The author delves into the technical foundations required for achieving true NLU, including advanced knowledge representation, hybrid AI systems, and neurosymbolic integration, while also examining the ethical implications and societal impacts of developing AI systems that genuinely understand human language. Containing exercises, a final assignment and a comprehensive quiz, the textbook is meant as a reference for courses on information retrieval, AI, NLP, data analytics, data mining and more.
Clitic And Affix Combinations
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Author : Lorie Heggie
language : en
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing
Release Date : 2005-01-01
Clitic And Affix Combinations written by Lorie Heggie and has been published by John Benjamins Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-01-01 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
In this volume, the relationship between clitics and affixes and their combinatorial properties has led to a serious discussion of the interface between syntax, morphology, semantics, and phonology that draws on a variety of theoretical perspectives (e.g., HPSG , Optimality Theory, Minimalism). Clitic/affix phenomena provide a rich range of data, not only for the identification of an affix vs. clitic, but also for the best way to explain ordering constraints, some of which are contradictory. A range of languages are considered, including Romance and Slavic languages, as well as Turkish, Greek, Icelandic, Korean, and Passamaquoddy. Moreover, several articles consider dialectal microparameterization, notably in Spanish, French, and Occitan. This volume thus reflects current debate on issues such as clitic ordering constraints, the relationship of clitics to inalienable possession and the left periphery, and templatic approaches to affixes vs. clitics while examining a broad range of languages.
The Comparative Syntax Of Korean And Japanese
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Author : Yutaka Sato
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2023-12-06
The Comparative Syntax Of Korean And Japanese written by Yutaka Sato and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-12-06 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This book provides a detailed survey of Korean and Japanese syntax from a comparative perspective, based within a generative framework. Yukata Sato and Sungdai Cho demonstrate that while the two languages exhibit remarkably similar morphosyntactic features, they behave differently in specific types of construction, with the main differences observed in genitive marking, sentence negation, Negative Polarity Items, the formation of causatives, and passivization. The book also explores pragmatic and sociolinguistic issues in the two languages, and shows that they differ in the perception and realization of 'givenness' as a topic marker and in the influence of relationships of power and distance on the use of honorifics. The authors further offer additional context by exploring the typological relationship between Japanese and Korean and the surrounding languages such as Ainu, and the Chinese and Altaic languages, as well as providing socio-cultural and historical background.
The Grammar Of Multiple Head Movement
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Author : Phil Branigan
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2023
The Grammar Of Multiple Head Movement written by Phil Branigan and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
In this book, Phil Branigan examines multiple head-movement, a very common morpho-syntactic phenomenon that forms a part of the grammar in Finnish, English, Perenakan Javanese, northern Norwegian and Swedish dialects, and generally in the Slavic and Algonquian language families. Basing his analysis on a new model of the grammatical parameters which control word formation in the human brain, Branigan identifies how careful attention to the contexts in which multiple head-movement takes place allows new generalizations to be identified. A new account of how complex words are formed, this study deepens our understanding of how languages vary and of the mental computational system of human grammars.