Access To Science
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Access To Science And Innovation In The Developing World Economic Research Working Paper No 78
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Author : Cuntz, Alexander
language : en
Publisher: WIPO
Release Date : 2024-04-15
Access To Science And Innovation In The Developing World Economic Research Working Paper No 78 written by Cuntz, Alexander and has been published by WIPO this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-04-15 with Law categories.
We examine the implications of lowering barriers to online access to scientific publications for science and innovation in developing countries. We investigate whether and how free or low-cost access to scientific publications through the UN-led Research For Life (R4L) initiative leads to more scientific publications and clinical trials of authors affiliated with research institutions in developing countries. We find that free or reduced-fee access to the health science literature through Hinari (WHO-led subprogramme) increases the scientific publication output and clinical trials output of institutions in developing countries. In contrast, once we control for selection bias, we do not find empirical support for a positive Hinari effect on knowledge spillovers and local institutions’ research input into global patenting, as measured by paper citations in patent documents. Main findings can be generalized to other R4L subprogrammes and are likely to also apply to the WIPO-led Access to Research for Development and Innovation (ARDI) programme.
Patents Human Rights And Access To Science
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Author : Aurora Plomer
language : en
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Release Date : 2015-10-30
Patents Human Rights And Access To Science written by Aurora Plomer and has been published by Edward Elgar Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-10-30 with Health & Fitness categories.
The new millennium has been described as ‘the century of biology’, but scientific progress and access to medicines has been marred by global disputes over ownership of the science by universities and private companies. This book examines the challenges posed by the modern patent system to the right of everyone to access the benefits of science in international law. Aurora Plomer retraces the genesis and evolution of the key Articles in the UN system (Article 27 UDHR and Article 15 ICESCR). She combines the historiography of these Articles with a novel perspective on the moral foundations of rights of access to science to draw out implications for today’s controversies on patents in the life-sciences. The analysis suggests that access to science as a fundamental right requires both freedom from political and religious interference and the existence of enabling research institutions and educational facilities which promote the flow of knowledge through transparent and open structures. From this perspective, the global patent system is shown to fail spectacularly when it comes to the human rights ideal of universal access to science. The book concludes that a fundamental restructuring of patent institutions is required, in which democratic oversight of patent policies would ensure meaningful realization of the right of everyone to access the benefits of science. Students and scholars of international law, particularly those focusing on intellectual property and human rights, will find this book to be of considerable interest. It will also be of use to practitioners in the field.
Identifying Potential For Equitable Access To Tertiary Level Science
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Author : Marissa Rollnick
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2010-07-20
Identifying Potential For Equitable Access To Tertiary Level Science written by Marissa Rollnick and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-07-20 with Education categories.
Higher education internationally is in a state of transition and transformation, leading to an increase in the level of participation, and a consequent increase in number of non traditional and underprepared students. The appearance of these students provides a particular challenge in the sciences where adequate grounding is crucial. One response to this challenge has been the provision of access, foundation or "second chance programmes" which operate on different models internationally. In South Africa, where the push for equity is strong in the wake of the apartheid era, programmes have generally been established at all tertiary institutions with some of the most successful of these programmes based at universities characterised by a high research output. Consequently in the last decade there has been a great deal of research into the effectiveness of these programmes both at a micro and macro level. Similar research in other countries exists, but is patchy and often based on small groups of students. This book provides valuable information on what research has to say about disadvantaged and under prepared science students and how they learn - what works and what does not work. It provides an examination of issues related to the programmes, their structure, student selection and adjustment. Issues such the learning of these students, their communicative ability and laboratory work come under the spotlight. Although examining the issue internationally, the book draws heavily on lessons from South Africa where there has been considerably experience of such programmes.
Access To Scientific Research
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Author : David J. Brown
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Release Date : 2015-11-13
Access To Scientific Research written by David J. Brown and has been published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-11-13 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
The debate about access to scientific research raises questions about the current effectiveness of scholarly communication processes. This book explores, from an independent point of view, the current state of the STM publishing market, new publishing technologies and business models as well as the information habit of researchers, the politics of research funders, and the demand for scientific research as a public good. The book also investigates the democratisation of science including how the information needs of knowledge workers outside academia can be embraced in future.
Universal Access In Human Computer Interaction Design Methods And User Experience
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Author : Margherita Antona
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2021-07-03
Universal Access In Human Computer Interaction Design Methods And User Experience written by Margherita Antona and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-07-03 with Computers categories.
This two-volume set constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction, UAHCI 2021, held as part of the 23rd International Conference, HCI International 2021, held as a virtual event, in July 2021. The total of 1276 papers and 241 posters included in the 39 HCII 2021 proceedings volumes was carefully reviewed and selected from 5222 submissions. UAHCI 2021 includes a total of 84 papers; they focus on topics related to universal access methods, techniques and practices, studies on accessibility, design for all, usability, UX and technology acceptance, emotion and behavior recognition for universal access, accessible media, access to learning and education, as well universal access to virtual and intelligent assistive environments.
Achieving Global Open Access
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Author : Stephen Pinfield
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2024-07-10
Achieving Global Open Access written by Stephen Pinfield and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-07-10 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Achieving Global Open Access explores some of the key conditions that are necessary to deliver global Open Access (OA) that is effective and equitable. Often assumed to be a self-evident good, OA has been subject to growing criticism for perpetuating global inequities and epistemic injustices. It has been seen as imposing exploitative business and publishing models and as exacerbating exclusionary research evaluation cultures and practices. Pinfield engages with these issues, recognising that the global OA debate is now not just about publishing business models and academic reward structures, but also about what constitutes valid and valuable knowledge, how we know, and who gets to say. The book argues that, for OA to deliver its potential, it first needs to be associated with ‘epistemic openness’, a wider and more inclusive understanding of what constitutes valid and valuable knowledge. It also needs to be accompanied by ‘participatory openness’, enabling contributions to knowledge from more diverse communities. Interacting with relevant theory and current practice, the book discusses the challenges in implementing these different forms of openness, the relationships between them, and their limits. Achieving Global Open Access is essential reading for academics and students engaged in the study of Library and Information Science, Open Access and Publishing. It will also be valuable and interesting to library and publishing professionals around the world.
Enhanced Access To Publicly Funded Data For Science Technology And Innovation
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Author : OECD
language : en
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Release Date : 2020-04-30
Enhanced Access To Publicly Funded Data For Science Technology And Innovation written by OECD and has been published by OECD Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-04-30 with categories.
This report presents current policy practice to promote access to publicly funded data for science, technology and innovation, as well as policy challenges for the future. It examines national policies and international initiatives, and identifies seven issues that require policy attention.
Open Access And The Library
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Author : Anja Oberländer
language : en
Publisher: MDPI
Release Date : 2019-04-04
Open Access And The Library written by Anja Oberländer and has been published by MDPI this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-04-04 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Libraries are places of learning and knowledge creation. Over the last two decades, digital technology—and the changes that came with it—have accelerated this transformation to a point where evolution starts to become a revolution. The wider Open Science movement, and Open Access in particular, is one of these changes and is already having a profound impact. Under the subscription model, the role of libraries was to buy or license content on behalf of their users and then act as gatekeepers to regulate access on behalf of rights holders. In a world where all research is open, the role of the library is shifting from licensing and disseminating to facilitating and supporting the publishing process itself. This requires a fundamental shift in terms of structures, tasks, and skills. It also changes the idea of a library’s collection. Under the subscription model, contemporary collections largely equal content bought from publishers. Under an open model, the collection is more likely to be the content created by the users of the library (researchers, staff, students, etc.), content that is now curated by the library. Instead of selecting external content, libraries have to understand the content created by their own users and help them to make it publicly available—be it through a local repository, payment of article processing charges, or through advice and guidance. Arguably, this is an overly simplified model that leaves aside special collections and other areas. Even so, it highlights the changes that research libraries are undergoing, changes that are likely to accelerate as a result of initiatives such as Plan S. This Special Issue investigates some of the changes in today’s library services that relate to open access.
Access To Academics For All Students
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Author : Paula Kluth
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2003-06-20
Access To Academics For All Students written by Paula Kluth and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-06-20 with Education categories.
Presents a critical approach to inclusive education theory and practice and a framework for fostering access to academics for all students; challenges the deficit-driven model.
Towards Sustainable And Scalable Educational Innovations Informed By The Learning Sciences
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Author : Chee-Kit Looi
language : en
Publisher: IOS Press
Release Date : 2005
Towards Sustainable And Scalable Educational Innovations Informed By The Learning Sciences written by Chee-Kit Looi and has been published by IOS Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Computers categories.
One of the basic principles that underpin the learning sciences is to improve theories of learning through the design of powerful learning environments that can foster meaningful learning. Learning sciences researchers prefer to research learning in authentic contexts. This book focuses on learning sciences in the Asia-Pacific context.