Accounting For Cross Country Income Disparity

DOWNLOAD

Download Accounting For Cross Country Income Disparity PDF/ePub or read online books in Mobi eBooks. Click Download or Read Online button to get Accounting For Cross Country Income Disparity book now. This website allows unlimited access to, at the time of writing, more than 1.5 million titles, including hundreds of thousands of titles in various foreign languages. If the content not found or just blank you must refresh this page

Accounting For Cross Country Income Differences

DOWNLOAD
Author : Francesco Caselli
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004

Accounting For Cross Country Income Differences written by Francesco Caselli and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Comparative economics categories.

Why are some countries so much richer than others? Development Accounting is a first-pass attempt at organizing the answer around two proximate determinants: factors of production and efficiency. It answers the question "how much of the cross-country income variance can be attributed to differences in (physical and human) capital, and how much to differences in the efficiency with which capital is used?" Hence, it does for the cross-section what growth accounting does in the time series. The current consensus is that efficiency is at least as important as capital in explaining income differences. I survey the data and the basic methods that lead to this consensus, and explore several extensions. I argue that some of these extensions may lead to a reconsideration of the evidence.

Accounting For Cross Country Income Disparity

DOWNLOAD
Author : Byeongju Jeong
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006

Accounting For Cross Country Income Disparity written by Byeongju Jeong and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with categories.

Development Accounting And The Rise Of Tfp

DOWNLOAD
Author : Mr.Rabah Arezki
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2010-04-01

Development Accounting And The Rise Of Tfp written by Mr.Rabah Arezki and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-04-01 with Business & Economics categories.

The paper presents evidence that the contribution of differences in total factor productivity (TFP) to income differences across countries steadily increased between 1970 and 2000. We verify that our finding is neither imputable to measurement errors in input factors nor dependent on the assumption of factor neutral differences in technology. We conclude that theories explaining cross-country income differences based on institutions or on forces that are constant over time, such as geography or legal origin, should be reconsidered in the light of their consistency with the rise of the explanatory power of TFP.

Accounting For Cross Country Income Differences

DOWNLOAD
Author : Francesco Caselli
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016

Accounting For Cross Country Income Differences written by Francesco Caselli and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.

The study focused on a cross-section of countries observed in the mid-1990s, so the conclusions from that effort are beginning to be a bit dated. In addition, signi cant revisions of the data underlying the 2005 paper have been published. Last but not least, in the intervening years become aware of ways in which the original methodology can be usefully improved and extended. Hence the present update and upgrade of the original paper. This paper focuses on data (mostly) from 2005 and improves on the original methodology in several dimensions. Development accounting compares differences in income per worker between developing and developed countries to counter-factual differences attributable to observable components of physical and human capital. Such calculations can serve a useful preliminary diagnostic role before engaging in deeper and more detailed explorations of the fundamental determinants of differences in income per worker. The research and policy agenda would then have to focus on technology, allocative efficiency, competition, and other determinants of the efficient use of capital. However because of limitations in thecoverage of the test results, author also present results where human capital is only measured from years of schooling and health. It turns out that, at least in my preferred calibration, the addition or omission of cognitive skills (as measured by test scores) does not greatly affect the quantitative results.

Measuring And Accounting For Cross Country Differences In Education Quality

DOWNLOAD
Author : Todd Schoellman
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009

Measuring And Accounting For Cross Country Differences In Education Quality written by Todd Schoellman and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with categories.

This paper measures the role of quality-adjusted education in accounting for cross- country differences in income per worker. The returns to schooling of immigrants to the United States are used as a measure of their source-country education quality. Returns are available for 130 countries and vary by up to an order of magnitude between developed and developing countries. A model shows why the returns to schooling of immigrants and not other wage statistics are an appropriate measure of education quality. The model is consistent with the relationships between education quality, average school attainment, and the returns to schooling for immigrants and non-migrants. Calibrating the model, or augmenting a Bils and Klenow (2000)-style accounting exercise to account for education quality, yields large results. Quality- adjusted schooling is found to account for 38-42% of the income difference between the richest and poorest quintiles of countries, as opposed to the 21-24% in the current literature that accounts only for years of schooling.

Accounting For Cross Country Income Differences With Public Capital

DOWNLOAD
Author : German Cubas
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010

Accounting For Cross Country Income Differences With Public Capital written by German Cubas and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.

Beyond Oaxaca Blinder

DOWNLOAD
Author : François Bourguignon
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2002

Beyond Oaxaca Blinder written by François Bourguignon and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Absolute Poverty categories.

Abstract: Bourguignon, Ferreira, and Leite develop a microeconometric method to account for differences across distributions of household income. Going beyond the determination of earnings in labor markets, they also estimate statistical models for occupational choice and for conditional distributions of education, fertility, and nonlabor incomes. The authors import combinations of estimated parameters from these models to simulate counterfactual income distributions. This allows them to decompose differences between functionals of two income distributions (such as inequality or poverty measures) into shares because of differences in the structure of labor market returns (price effects), differences in the occupational structure, and differences in the underlying distribution of assets (endowment effects). The authors apply the method to the differences between the Brazilian income distribution and those of Mexico and the United States, and find that most of Brazil's excess income inequality is due to underlying inequalities in the distribution of two key endowments: access to education and to sources of nonlabor income, mainly pensions. This paper is a product of the Research Advisory Staff. The authors may be contacted at fbourguignon@@worldbank.org, fferreira@@econ.puc-rio.br or phil@@econ.puc-rio.br.

Technology Differences Over Space And Time

DOWNLOAD
Author : Francesco Caselli
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2016-12-06

Technology Differences Over Space And Time written by Francesco Caselli and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-12-06 with Business & Economics categories.

Technology Differences over Space and Time looks at how countries use their productive resources—such as workers, skills, equipment and structures, and natural resources. Francesco Caselli develops methods to assess the efficiency with which productive inputs are used, and how these efficiencies vary across countries and over time. Caselli finds that richer countries use skilled workers relatively more efficiently than unskilled workers, and equipment and structures relatively more efficiently than natural resources. They also are relatively more efficient users of labor than of capital. Technological change tends to make countries particularly efficient at using skills and less efficient at using capital. Technical change also favors experienced workers. In order to interpret and understand these findings, Caselli presents a theory of technology choice. In this theory, firms pick technologies that make the most efficient use of the most abundant production factors when these factors are good substitutes for the less abundant factors. Firms pick technologies that make the most of less abundant factors when other suitable factors are not available for substitution. For example, rich countries, where skilled workers are abundant, use skilled workers efficiently, as these are good substitutes for unskilled workers. This flexible framework can be applied to other pairs of inputs, over time, and across countries. Technology Differences over Space and Time has significant implications not only for the theoretical understanding of development and technological innovation, but also for government formulation of industrial policy and multinationals making decisions about what to invest in and where to make those investments.

The Changing Wealth Of Nations 2018

DOWNLOAD
Author : Glenn-Marie Lange
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2018-01-30

The Changing Wealth Of Nations 2018 written by Glenn-Marie Lange and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-01-30 with Business & Economics categories.

Countries regularly track gross domestic product (GDP) as an indicator of their economic progress, but not wealth—the assets such as infrastructure, forests, minerals, and human capital that produce GDP. In contrast, corporations routinely report on both their income and assets to assess their economic health and prospects for the future. Wealth accounts allow countries to take stock of their assets to monitor the sustainability of development, an urgent concern today for all countries. The Changing Wealth of Nations 2018: Building a Sustainable Future covers national wealth for 141 countries over 20 years (1995†“2014) as the sum of produced capital, 19 types of natural capital, net foreign assets, and human capital overall as well as by gender and type of employment. Great progress has been made in estimating wealth since the fi rst volume, Where Is the Wealth of Nations? Measuring Capital for the 21st Century, was published in 2006. New data substantially improve estimates of natural capital, and, for the fi rst time, human capital is measured by using household surveys to estimate lifetime earnings. The Changing Wealth of Nations 2018 begins with a review of global and regional trends in wealth over the past two decades and provides examples of how wealth accounts can be used for the analysis of development patterns. Several chapters discuss the new work on human capital and its application in development policy. The book then tackles elements of natural capital that are not yet fully incorporated in the wealth accounts: air pollution, marine fi sheries, and ecosystems. This book targets policy makers but will engage anyone committed to building a sustainable future for the planet.

Inequality Of Opportunity Inequality Of Income And Economic Growth

DOWNLOAD
Author : Mr.Shekhar Aiyar
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2019-02-15

Inequality Of Opportunity Inequality Of Income And Economic Growth written by Mr.Shekhar Aiyar and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-02-15 with Business & Economics categories.

We posit that the relationship between income inequality and economic growth is mediated by the level of equality of opportunity, which we identify with intergenerational mobility. In economies characterized by intergenerational rigidities, an increase in income inequality has persistent effects—for example by hindering human capital accumulation— thereby retarding future growth disproportionately. We use several recently developed internationally comparable measures of intergenerational mobility to confirm that the negative impact of income inequality on growth is higher the lower is intergenerational mobility. Our results suggest that omitting intergenerational mobility leads to misspecification, shedding light on why the empirical literature on income inequality and growth has been so inconclusive.