Adaptation And Fitness In Animal Populations
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Adaptation And Fitness In Animal Populations
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Author : Julius van der Werf
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2008-10-17
Adaptation And Fitness In Animal Populations written by Julius van der Werf and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-10-17 with Science categories.
Fitness and adaptation are fundamental characteristics of plant and animal species, enabling them to survive in their environment and to adapt to the inevitable changes in this environment. This is true for both the genetic resources of natural ecosystems as well as those used in agricultural production. Extensive genetic variation exists between varieties/breeds in a species and amongst individuals within breeds. This variation has developed over very long periods of time. A major ongoing challenge is how to best utilize this variation to meet short-term demands whilst also conserving it for longer-term possible use. Many animal breeding programs have led to increased performance for production traits but this has often been accompanied by reduced fitness. In addition, the global use of genetic resources prompts the question whether introduced genotypes are adapted to local production systems. Understanding the genetic nature of fitness and adaptation will enable us to better manage genetic resources allowing us to make efficient and sustainable decisions for the improvement or breeding of these resources. This book had an ambitious goal in bringing together a sample of the world’s leading scientists in animal breeding and evolutionary genetics to exchange knowledge to advance our understanding of these vital issues.
Animals And Environmental Fitness Physiological And Biochemical Aspects Of Adaptation And Ecology
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Author : R. Gilles
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2013-10-22
Animals And Environmental Fitness Physiological And Biochemical Aspects Of Adaptation And Ecology written by R. Gilles and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-22 with Science categories.
Animals and Environmental Fitness: Physiological and Biochemical Aspects of Adaptation and Ecology, Volume 2 contains the proceedings of the First Conference of the European Society for Comparative Physiology and Biochemistry held in Liège, Belgium, on August 27-31, 1979. The papers explore the physiology and biochemistry of animal adaptation and ecology and cover topics ranging from amino acid transport and metabolism during osmotic shock to the role of organic compounds in osmoregulation in plants and animals. This volume is comprised of 89 chapters and begins with an analysis of the transport and metabolism of amino acids under osmotic stress, followed by a discussion on cell volume regulation in isolated heart ventricles from the flounder, Platichthys flesus, perfused with anisosmotic media. Subsequent chapters focus on the effects of cholinergic drugs on the osmotic fragility of erythrocytes; strategies of osmoregulation in the fiddler crab Uca pugilator; ionic regulation in the African catfish Clarias mossambicus in water and air; and environmental and endocrine factors controlling osmotic water fluxes in gills of Sarotherodon (tilapia) mossambicus. The effect of seawater adaptation on the phosphatidyl-choline metabolism in the eel is also considered, along with evaporative water loss in anuran amphibians. This book will be of value to zoologists, physiologists, biologists, and biochemists.
Adaptation In Metapopulations
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Author : Michael J. Wade
language : en
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Release Date : 2016-05-03
Adaptation In Metapopulations written by Michael J. Wade and has been published by University of Chicago Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-05-03 with Science categories.
All organisms live in clusters, but such fractured local populations, or demes, nonetheless maintain connectivity with one another by some amount of gene flow between them. Most such metapopulations occur naturally, like clusters of amphibians in vernal ponds or baboon troops spread across the African veldt. Others have been created as human activities fragment natural landscapes, as in stands of trees separated by roads. As landscape change has accelerated, understanding how these metapopulations function—and specifically how they adapt—has become crucial to ecology and to our very understanding of evolution itself. With Adaptation in Metapopulations, Michael J. Wade explores a key component of this new understanding of evolution: interaction. Synthesizing decades of work in the lab and in the field in a book both empirically grounded and underpinned by a strong conceptual framework, Wade looks at the role of interaction across scales from gene selection to selection at the level of individuals, kin, and groups. In so doing, he integrates molecular and organismal biology to reveal the true complexities of evolutionary dynamics from genes to metapopulations.
Animals And Environmental Fitness Physiological And Biochemical Aspects Of Adaptation And Ecology
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Author : R. Gilles
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2013-10-02
Animals And Environmental Fitness Physiological And Biochemical Aspects Of Adaptation And Ecology written by R. Gilles and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-02 with Science categories.
Animals and Environmental Fitness, Volume 1: Invited Lectures is a collection of papers that tackles ecological concerns. The materials of the book are organized according the main issue of their contents. The text first tackles the chemical factors of the environment, such as water and oxygen availability, ecomones, and pollutants. The other half of the book encompasses the physical factors of the environment that include light, pressure, and temperature. The text will be of great use to scientists who study the interaction between flora, fauna, and the total environment.
A Practical Guide For Genetic Management Of Fragmented Animal And Plant Populations
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Author : Richard Frankham
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Release Date : 2019
A Practical Guide For Genetic Management Of Fragmented Animal And Plant Populations written by Richard Frankham and has been published by Oxford University Press, USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with Nature categories.
"The biological diversity of the planet is being rapidly depleted due to the direct and indirect consequences of human activity. As the size of wild animal and plant populations decreases and fragmentation increases, inbreeding reduces fitness and loss of genetic diversity reduces their ability to adapt to changes in the environment. Many small isolated populations are going extinct unnecessarily. In many cases, such populations can be genetically rescued by gene flow from another population within the species, but this is very rarely done. This book provides a practical guide to the genetic management of fragmented animal and plant populations"--
Animals And Environmental Fitness
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Author : R. Gilles
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1980
Animals And Environmental Fitness written by R. Gilles and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1980 with categories.
Animals And Environmental Fitness Abstracts
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Author : European Society for Comparative Physiology and Biochemistry
language : en
Publisher: Pergamon
Release Date : 1980
Animals And Environmental Fitness Abstracts written by European Society for Comparative Physiology and Biochemistry and has been published by Pergamon this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1980 with Medical categories.
Animals and Environmental Fitness: Physiological and Biochemical Aspects of Adaptation and Ecology, Volume 2 contains the proceedings of the First Conference of the European Society for Comparative Physiology and Biochemistry held in Liège, Belgium, on August 27-31, 1979. The papers explore the physiology and biochemistry of animal adaptation and ecology and cover topics ranging from amino acid transport and metabolism during osmotic shock to the role of organic compounds in osmoregulation in plants and animals. This volume is comprised of 89 chapters and begins with an analysis of the transpo ...
Genetics Of Adaptation
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Author : Rodney Mauricio
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2005-07-20
Genetics Of Adaptation written by Rodney Mauricio and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-07-20 with Science categories.
An enduring controversy in evolutionary biology is the genetic basis of adaptation. Darwin emphasized "many slight differences" as the ultimate source of variation to be acted upon by natural selection. In the early 1900’s, this view was opposed by "Mendelian geneticists", who emphasized the importance of "macromutations" in evolution. The Modern Synthesis resolved this controversy, concluding that mutations in genes of very small effect were responsible for adaptive evolution. A decade ago, Allen Orr and Jerry Coyne reexamined the evidence for this neo-Darwinian view and found that both the theoretical and empirical basis for it were weak. Orr and Coyne encouraged evolutionary biologists to reexamine this neglected question: what is the genetic basis of adaptive evolution? In this volume, a new generation of biologists have taken up this challenge. Using advances in both molecular genetic and statistical techniques, evolutionary geneticists have made considerable progress in this emerging field. In this volume, a diversity of examples from plant and animal studies provides valuable information for those interested in the genetics and evolution of complex traits.
Adaptation And Diversity
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Author : Egbert Giles Leigh
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1971
Adaptation And Diversity written by Egbert Giles Leigh and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1971 with Science categories.
Genetic Management Of Fragmented Animal And Plant Populations
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Author : Richard Frankham
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2017
Genetic Management Of Fragmented Animal And Plant Populations written by Richard Frankham and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with Biodiversity categories.
One of the greatest unmet challenges in conservation biology is the genetic management of fragmented populations of threatened animal and plant species. More than a million small, isolated, population fragments of threatened species are likely suffering inbreeding depression and loss of evolutionary potential, resulting in elevated extinction risks. Although these effects can often be reversed by re-establishing gene flow between population fragments, managers very rarely do this. On the contrary, genetic methods are used mainly to document genetic differentiation among populations, with most studies concluding that genetically differentiated populations should be managed separately, thereby isolating them yet further and dooming many to eventual extinction Many small population fragments are going extinct principally for genetic reasons. Although the rapidly advancing field of molecular genetics is continually providing new tools to measure the extent of population fragmentation and its genetic consequences, adequate guidance on how to use these data for effective conservation is still lacking. This accessible, authoritative text is aimed at senior undergraduate and graduate students interested in conservation biology, conservation genetics, and wildlife management. It will also be of particular relevance to conservation practitioners and natural resource managers, as well as a broader academic audience of conservation biologists and evolutionary ecologists.