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Adaptive High Resolution Sensor Waveform Design For Tracking

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Adaptive High Resolution Sensor Waveform Design For Tracking

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Author : Ioannis Kyriakides
language : en
Publisher: Morgan & Claypool Publishers
Release Date : 2010-04-04

Adaptive High Resolution Sensor Waveform Design For Tracking written by Ioannis Kyriakides and has been published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-04-04 with Technology & Engineering categories.

Recent innovations in modern radar for designing transmitted waveforms, coupled with new algorithms for adaptively selecting the waveform parameters at each time step, have resulted in improvements in tracking performance. Of particular interest are waveforms that can be mathematically designed to have reduced ambiguity function sidelobes, as their use can lead to an increase in the target state estimation accuracy. Moreover, adaptively positioning the sidelobes can reveal weak target returns by reducing interference from stronger targets. The manuscript provides an overview of recent advances in the design of multicarrier phase-coded waveforms based on Bjorck constant-amplitude zero-autocorrelation (CAZAC) sequences for use in an adaptive waveform selection scheme for mutliple target tracking. The adaptive waveform design is formulated using sequential Monte Carlo techniques that need to be matched to the high resolution measurements. The work will be of interest to both practitioners and researchers in radar as well as to researchers in other applications where high resolution measurements can have significant benefits. Table of Contents: Introduction / Radar Waveform Design / Target Tracking with a Particle Filter / Single Target tracking with LFM and CAZAC Sequences / Multiple Target Tracking / Conclusions

Adaptive High Resolution Sensor Waveform Design For Tracking

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Author : Ioannis Kyriakides
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-05-31

Adaptive High Resolution Sensor Waveform Design For Tracking written by Ioannis Kyriakides and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-05-31 with Technology & Engineering categories.

Theory And Applications Of Gaussian Quadrature Methods

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Author : Narayan Kovvali
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-05-31

Theory And Applications Of Gaussian Quadrature Methods written by Narayan Kovvali and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-05-31 with Technology & Engineering categories.

Gaussian quadrature is a powerful technique for numerical integration that falls under the broad category of spectral methods. The purpose of this work is to provide an introduction to the theory and practice of Gaussian quadrature. We study the approximation theory of trigonometric and orthogonal polynomials and related functions and examine the analytical framework of Gaussian quadrature. We discuss Gaussian quadrature for bandlimited functions, a topic inspired by some recent developments in the analysis of prolate spheroidal wave functions. Algorithms for the computation of the quadrature nodes and weights are described. Several applications of Gaussian quadrature are given, ranging from the evaluation of special functions to pseudospectral methods for solving differential equations. Software realization of select algorithms is provided. Table of Contents: Introduction / Approximating with Polynomials and Related Functions / Gaussian Quadrature / Applications / Links to Mathematical Software

Despeckle Filtering For Ultrasound Imaging And Video Volume I

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Author : Christos P. Loizou
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-05-31

Despeckle Filtering For Ultrasound Imaging And Video Volume I written by Christos P. Loizou and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-05-31 with Technology & Engineering categories.

It is well known that speckle is a multiplicative noise that degrades image and video quality and the visual expert's evaluation in ultrasound imaging and video. This necessitates the need for robust despeckling image and video techniques for both routine clinical practice and tele-consultation. The goal for this book (book 1 of 2 books) is to introduce the problem of speckle occurring in ultrasound image and video as well as the theoretical background (equations), the algorithmic steps, and the MATLABTM code for the following group of despeckle filters: linear filtering, nonlinear filtering, anisotropic diffusion filtering, and wavelet filtering. This book proposes a comparative evaluation framework of these despeckle filters based on texture analysis, image quality evaluation metrics, and visual evaluation by medical experts. Despeckle noise reduction through the application of these filters will improve the visual observation quality or it may be used as a pre-processing step for further automated analysis, such as image and video segmentation, and texture characterization in ultrasound cardiovascular imaging, as well as in bandwidth reduction in ultrasound video transmission for telemedicine applications. The aforementioned topics will be covered in detail in the companion book to this one. Furthermore, in order to facilitate further applications we have developed in MATLABTM two different toolboxes that integrate image (IDF) and video (VDF) despeckle filtering, texture analysis, and image and video quality evaluation metrics. The code for these toolsets is open source and these are available to download complementary to the two books. Table of Contents: Preface / Acknowledgments / List of Symbols / List of Abbreviations / Introduction to Speckle Noise in Ultrasound Imaging and Video / Basics of Evaluation Methodology / Linear Despeckle Filtering / Nonlinear Despeckle Filtering / Diffusion Despeckle Filtering / Wavelet Despeckle Filtering / Evaluation of Despeckle Filtering / Summary and Future Directions / References / Authors' Biographies

A Survey Of Blur Detection And Sharpness Assessment Methods

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Author : Juan Andrade
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-06-01

A Survey Of Blur Detection And Sharpness Assessment Methods written by Juan Andrade and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-06-01 with Technology & Engineering categories.

Blurring is almost an omnipresent effect on natural images. The main causes of blurring in images include: (a) the existence of objects at different depths within the scene which is known as defocus blur; (b) blurring due to motion either of objects in the scene or the imaging device; and (c) blurring due to atmospheric turbulence. Automatic estimation of spatially varying sharpness/blurriness has several applications including depth estimation, image quality assessment, information retrieval, image restoration, among others. There are some cases in which blur is intentionally introduced or enhanced; for example, in artistic photography and cinematography in which blur is intentionally introduced to emphasize a certain image region. Bokeh is a technique that introduces defocus blur with aesthetic purposes. Additionally, in trending applications like augmented and virtual reality usually, blur is introduced in order to provide/enhance depth perception. Digital images and videos are produced every day in astonishing amounts and the demand for higher quality is constantly rising which creates a need for advanced image quality assessment. Additionally, image quality assessment is important for the performance of image processing algorithms. It has been determined that image noise and artifacts can affect the performance of algorithms such as face detection and recognition, image saliency detection, and video target tracking. Therefore, image quality assessment (IQA) has been a topic of intense research in the fields of image processing and computer vision. Since humans are the end consumers of multimedia signals, subjective quality metrics provide the most reliable results; however, their cost in addition to time requirements makes them unfeasible for practical applications. Thus, objective quality metrics are usually preferred.

Analysis Of The Mpeg 1 Layer Iii Mp3 Algorithm Using Matlab

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Author : Andreas Spanias
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-05-31

Analysis Of The Mpeg 1 Layer Iii Mp3 Algorithm Using Matlab written by Andreas Spanias and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-05-31 with Technology & Engineering categories.

The MPEG-1 Layer III (MP3) algorithm is one of the most successful audio formats for consumer audio storage and for transfer and playback of music on digital audio players. The MP3 compression standard along with the AAC (Advanced Audio Coding) algorithm are associated with the most successful music players of the last decade. This book describes the fundamentals and the MATLAB implementation details of the MP3 algorithm. Several of the tedious processes in MP3 are supported by demonstrations using MATLAB software. The book presents the theoretical concepts and algorithms used in the MP3 standard. The implementation details and simulations with MATLAB complement the theoretical principles. The extensive list of references enables the reader to perform a more detailed study on specific aspects of the algorithm and gain exposure to advancements in perceptual coding. Table of Contents: Introduction / Analysis Subband Filter Bank / Psychoacoustic Model II / MDCT / Bit Allocation, Quantization and Coding / Decoder

Sensor Analysis For The Internet Of Things

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Author : Michael Stanley
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-06-01

Sensor Analysis For The Internet Of Things written by Michael Stanley and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-06-01 with Technology & Engineering categories.

While it may be attractive to view sensors as simple transducers which convert physical quantities into electrical signals, the truth of the matter is more complex. The engineer should have a proper understanding of the physics involved in the conversion process, including interactions with other measurable quantities. A deep understanding of these interactions can be leveraged to apply sensor fusion techniques to minimize noise and/or extract additional information from sensor signals. Advances in microcontroller and MEMS manufacturing, along with improved internet connectivity, have enabled cost-effective wearable and Internet of Things sensor applications. At the same time, machine learning techniques have gone mainstream, so that those same applications can now be more intelligent than ever before. This book explores these topics in the context of a small set of sensor types. We provide some basic understanding of sensor operation for accelerometers, magnetometers, gyroscopes, and pressure sensors. We show how information from these can be fused to provide estimates of orientation. Then we explore the topics of machine learning and sensor data analytics.

Latency And Distortion Of Electromagnetic Trackers For Augmented Reality Systems

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Author : Henry Himberg
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-05-31

Latency And Distortion Of Electromagnetic Trackers For Augmented Reality Systems written by Henry Himberg and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-05-31 with Technology & Engineering categories.

Augmented reality (AR) systems are often used to superimpose virtual objects or information on a scene to improve situational awareness. Delays in the display system or inaccurate registration of objects destroy the sense of immersion a user experiences when using AR systems. AC electromagnetic trackers are ideal for these applications when combined with head orientation prediction to compensate for display system delays. Unfortunately, these trackers do not perform well in environments that contain conductive or ferrous materials due to magnetic field distortion without expensive calibration techniques. In our work we focus on both the prediction and distortion compensation aspects of this application, developing a "small footprint" predictive filter for display lag compensation and a simplified calibration system for AC magnetic trackers. In the first phase of our study we presented a novel method of tracking angular head velocity from quaternion orientation using an Extended Kalman Filter in both single model (DQEKF) and multiple model (MMDQ) implementations. In the second phase of our work we have developed a new method of mapping the magnetic field generated by the tracker without high precision measurement equipment. This method uses simple fixtures with multiple sensors in a rigid geometry to collect magnetic field data in the tracking volume. We have developed a new algorithm to process the collected data and generate a map of the magnetic field distortion that can be used to compensate distorted measurement data. Table of Contents: List of Tables / Preface / Acknowledgments / Delta Quaternion Extended Kalman Filter / Multiple Model Delta Quaternion Filter / Interpolation Volume Calibration / Conclusion / References / Authors' Biographies

Control Grid Motion Estimation For Efficient Application Of Optical Flow

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Author : Christine M. Zwart
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-05-31

Control Grid Motion Estimation For Efficient Application Of Optical Flow written by Christine M. Zwart and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-05-31 with Technology & Engineering categories.

Motion estimation is a long-standing cornerstone of image and video processing. Most notably, motion estimation serves as the foundation for many of today's ubiquitous video coding standards including H.264. Motion estimators also play key roles in countless other applications that serve the consumer, industrial, biomedical, and military sectors. Of the many available motion estimation techniques, optical flow is widely regarded as most flexible. The flexibility offered by optical flow is particularly useful for complex registration and interpolation problems, but comes at a considerable computational expense. As the volume and dimensionality of data that motion estimators are applied to continue to grow, that expense becomes more and more costly. Control grid motion estimators based on optical flow can accomplish motion estimation with flexibility similar to pure optical flow, but at a fraction of the computational expense. Control grid methods also offer the added benefit of representing motion far more compactly than pure optical flow. This booklet explores control grid motion estimation and provides implementations of the approach that apply to data of multiple dimensionalities. Important current applications of control grid methods including registration and interpolation are also developed. Table of Contents: Introduction / Control Grid Interpolation (CGI) / Application of CGI to Registration Problems / Application of CGI to Interpolation Problems / Discussion and Conclusions

Bandwidth Extension Of Speech Using Perceptual Criteria

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Author : Visar Berisha
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-06-01

Bandwidth Extension Of Speech Using Perceptual Criteria written by Visar Berisha and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-06-01 with Technology & Engineering categories.

Bandwidth extension of speech is used in the International Telecommunication Union G.729.1 standard in which the narrowband bitstream is combined with quantized high-band parameters. Although this system produces high-quality wideband speech, the additional bits used to represent the high band can be further reduced. In addition to the algorithm used in the G.729.1 standard, bandwidth extension methods based on spectrum prediction have also been proposed. Although these algorithms do not require additional bits, they perform poorly when the correlation between the low and the high band is weak. In this book, two wideband speech coding algorithms that rely on bandwidth extension are developed. The algorithms operate as wrappers around existing narrowband compression schemes. More specifically, in these algorithms, the low band is encoded using an existing toll-quality narrowband system, whereas the high band is generated using the proposed extension techniques. The first method relies only on transmitted high-band information to generate the wideband speech. The second algorithm uses a constrained minimum mean square error estimator that combines transmitted high-band envelope information with a predictive scheme driven by narrowband features. Both algorithms make use of novel perceptual models based on loudness that determine optimum quantization strategies for wideband recovery and synthesis. Objective and subjective evaluations reveal that the proposed system performs at a lower average bit rate while improving speech quality when compared to other similar algorithms.

Adaptive High Resolution Sensor Waveform Design For Tracking

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