Affordability Of Nutritious Diets In Rural India
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Affordability Of Nutritious Diets In Rural India
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Author : Raghunathan, Kalyani
language : en
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Release Date : 2020-03-11
Affordability Of Nutritious Diets In Rural India written by Raghunathan, Kalyani and has been published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-03-11 with Political Science categories.
Malnutrition is endemic in India. In 2015-16 some 38% of preschool children were stunted and 21% were wasted, while more than half of Indian mothers and children were anemic. There are many posited explanations for the high rates of malnutrition in India, but surprisingly few discuss the role of Indian diets, particularly the affordability of nutritious diets given low wages and the significant structural problems facing India’s agricultural sector. This study was undertaken to address knowledge gaps around the affordability of nutritious diets in rural India. To do so we used nationally representative rural price and wage data to estimate the least cost means of satisfying India-specific dietary recommendations, referred to as the Cost of a Recommended Diet (CoRD), and assess the affordability of this diet relative to male and female wages for unskilled laborers. Although we find that dietary costs increased substantially over 2001-2011 for both men and women, rural wage rates increased more rapidly, implying that nutritious diets became substantially more affordable over time. However, in absolute terms nutritious diets in 2011 were still expensive relative to unskilled wages, constituting approximately 50-60% of male and about 70-80% of female daily wages, and were often even higher relative to minimum wages earned from the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA). Since many poor households have significant numbers of dependents and substantial non-food expenditure requirements, it follows that nutritious diets are often highly unaffordable for the rural poor; we estimate that 45-64% of the rural poor cannot afford a nutritious diet that meets India’s national food-based dietary guidelines. Our results point to the need to more closely monitor food prices through a nutritional lens, and to shift India’s existing food policies away from their heavy bias towards cereals. Achieving nutritional security in India requires a much more holistic focus on improving the affordability of the full range of nutritious food groups and ensuring that economic growth results in sustained income growth for the poor.
Affordability Of Nutritious Diets In Rural India
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Author : Kalyani Raghunathan
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Affordability Of Nutritious Diets In Rural India written by Kalyani Raghunathan and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
Malnutrition is endemic in India. In 2015-16 some 38% of preschool children were stunted and 21% were wasted, while more than half of Indian mothers and children were anemic. There are many posited explanations for the high rates of malnutrition in India, but surprisingly few discuss the role of Indian diets, particularly the affordability of nutritious diets given low wages and the significant structural problems facing India's agricultural sector. This study was undertaken to address knowledge gaps around the affordability of nutritious diets in rural India. To do so we used nationally representative rural price and wage data to estimate the least cost means of satisfying India-specific dietary recommendations, referred to as the Cost of a Recommended Diet (CoRD), and assess the affordability of this diet relative to male and female wages for unskilled laborers. Although we find that dietary costs increased substantially over 2001-2011 for both men and women, rural wage rates increased more rapidly, implying that nutritious diets became substantially more affordable over time. However, in absolute terms nutritious diets in 2011 were still expensive relative to unskilled wages, constituting approximately 50-60% of male and about 70-80% of female daily wages, and were often even higher relative to minimum wages earned from the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA). Since many poor households have significant numbers of dependents and substantial non-food expenditure requirements, it follows that nutritious diets are often highly unaffordable for the rural poor; we estimate that 45-64% of the rural poor cannot afford a nutritious diet that meets India's national food-based dietary guidelines. Our results point to the need to more closely monitor food prices through a nutritional lens, and to shift India's existing food policies away from their heavy bias towards cereals. Achieving nutritional security in India requires a much more holistic focus on improving the affordability of the full range of nutritious food groups and ensuring that economic growth results in sustained income growth for the poor.
Poshan S Abstract Digest On Maternal And Child Nutrition Research Issue 33
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Author : Avula, Rasmi, ed.
language : en
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Release Date : 2020-04-30
Poshan S Abstract Digest On Maternal And Child Nutrition Research Issue 33 written by Avula, Rasmi, ed. and has been published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-04-30 with Political Science categories.
This issue of Abstract Digest comes to you at an unprecedented time of COVID-19 pandemic. We hope all of you are healthy and safe. In the current circumstances, Naja and Hamadeh present a framework for action at multiple levels to maintain optimal nutrition during COVID-19, at the individual, community, national and global levels. Along with it, this issue has a collection of articles on various outcomes, determinants and interventions related to maternal and child nutrition.
Situation Of Agriculture Food And Nutrition In Rural India
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Author : Ali Mohammad
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1978
Situation Of Agriculture Food And Nutrition In Rural India written by Ali Mohammad and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1978 with Agricultural productivity categories.
Cost And Affordability Of Healthy Diets Across And Within Countries
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Author : Herforth, A., Bai, Y., Venkat, A., Mahrt, K., Ebel, A. & Masters, W.A.
language : en
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
Release Date : 2020-12-12
Cost And Affordability Of Healthy Diets Across And Within Countries written by Herforth, A., Bai, Y., Venkat, A., Mahrt, K., Ebel, A. & Masters, W.A. and has been published by Food & Agriculture Org. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-12-12 with Business & Economics categories.
Price and affordability are key barriers to accessing sufficient, safe, nutritious food to meet dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life. In this study, the least-cost items available in local markets are identified to estimate the cost of three diet types: energy sufficient, nutrient adequate, and healthy (meeting food-based dietary guidelines). For price and availability the World Bank’s International Comparison Program (ICP) dataset is used, which provides food prices in local currency units (LCU) for 680 foods and non-alcoholic beverages in 170 countries in 2017. In addition, country case studies are developed with national food price datasets in United Republic of Tanzania, Malawi, Ethiopia, Ghana and Myanmar. The findings reveal that healthy diets by any definition are far more expensive than the entire international poverty line of USD 1.90, let alone the upper bound portion of the poverty line that can credibly be reserved for food of USD 1.20. The cost of healthy diets exceeds food expenditures in most countries in the Global South. The findings suggest that nutrition education and behaviour change alone will not substantially improve dietary consumption where nutrient adequate and healthy diets, even in their cheapest form, are unaffordable for the majority of the poor. To make healthy diets cheaper, agricultural policies, research, and development need to shift toward a diversity of nutritious foods.
Household Dietary Patterns And The Cost Of A Nutritious Diet In Myanmar
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Author : Mahrt, Kristi
language : en
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Release Date : 2019-08-01
Household Dietary Patterns And The Cost Of A Nutritious Diet In Myanmar written by Mahrt, Kristi and has been published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-08-01 with Political Science categories.
Despite significant poverty reduction over the past decade, undernutrition in Myanmar remains widespread. Food prices play an important role in influencing diets and nutrition outcomes, especially for poorer households. In this study, we use national household food expenditure data to assess dietary patterns and estimate regional costs of nutritious diets in Myanmar relative to a recommended diet derived from food-based dietary guidelines. We estimate these costs following the cost of a recommended diet method (CoRD), which is based on minimum food group prices. We also develop and demonstrate an extension of this method using food group prices that reflect typical food consumption preferences (CoRD-FP). We assess the affordability of the recommended diet by comparing observed household food expenditure to the CoRD and the CoRD-FP. In 2015, 52 percent of the Myanmar population lived in households with food expenditure below the CoRD-FP, compared to 70 percent in 2010. Even the CoRD, which measures the lowest possible cost of meeting the recommended diet, exceeded household food expenditure for 32 and 24 percent of the population in 2010 and 2015, respectively. Low affordability is driven by high costs of animal-source foods and vegetables, which account for half the CoRD-FP. A majority of households over-consume staples and under-consume micronutrient-dense food groups. This imbalance is driven in part by the high caloric price of nutrient-dense foods relative to rice. The inability of more than half of households in Myanmar to afford a recommended diet at existing food expenditure levels suggests the need for policies that reduce the prices of micronutrient-dense foods, ideally through pro-poor improvements in agricultural productivity and marketing.
Estimating The Cost And Affordability Of Healthy Diets How Much Do Methods Matter
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Author : Headey, Derek D.
language : en
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Release Date : 2023-04-24
Estimating The Cost And Affordability Of Healthy Diets How Much Do Methods Matter written by Headey, Derek D. and has been published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-04-24 with Political Science categories.
Cost and affordability of healthy diet (CoAHD) metrics developed in a handful of academic studies have quickly become mainstream food security indicators among major development institutions. The World Bank and FAO now report CoAHD statistics in their widely used databanks, and the UN’s State of Food Insecurity and Nutrition in the World (SOFI) reports CoAHD metrics on an annual basis, with the headline conclusion being that over 3 billion people worldwide cannot afford a healthy diet. While quantifying affordability constraints is indeed a vital addition to the suite of global food security indicators, there is a dearth of scientific analysis on the accuracy and sensitivity of CoAHD methods. Published global CoAHD estimates rely on three implicit assumptions: that demographic differences across countries have little effect on average diet costs; that non-food expenditure requirements have little systematic variation across countries; and that international food price data is representative in a population sense and product coverage sense. Testing these assumptions on the cost of the EAT-Lancet reference diet, we find sizable sensitivity of baseline methods to adjusting diet affordability estimates for systematic cross-country differences in demographic profiles and non-food expenditure requirements, smaller effects of adjusting for inadequate food product coverage in international price data, and inconclusive evidence on issues of urban bias in price surveys. Our proposed methodological improvements significantly change country, regional and global estimates of healthy diet affordability, though not the headline conclusion that several billion people cannot afford a healthy diet. Even so, the accuracy, rigor, and reliability of CoAHD statistics warrant closer investigation given their widespread adoption and utilization.
The State Of Food Security And Nutrition In The World 2023
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Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
language : en
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
Release Date : 2023-07-12
The State Of Food Security And Nutrition In The World 2023 written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and has been published by Food & Agriculture Org. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-07-12 with Political Science categories.
This report provides an update on global progress towards the targets of ending hunger (SDG Target 2.1) and all forms of malnutrition (SDG Target 2.2) and estimates on the number of people who are unable to afford a healthy diet. Since its 2017 edition, this report has repeatedly highlighted that the intensification and interaction of conflict, climate extremes and economic slowdowns and downturns, combined with highly unaffordable nutritious foods and growing inequality, are pushing us off track to meet the SDG 2 targets. However, other important megatrends must also be factored into the analysis to fully understand the challenges and opportunities for meeting the SDG 2 targets. One such megatrend, and the focus of this year’s report, is urbanization. New evidence shows that food purchases in some countries are no longer high only among urban households but also among rural households. Consumption of highly processed foods is also increasing in peri-urban and rural areas of some countries. These changes are affecting people’s food security and nutrition in ways that differ depending on where they live across the rural–urban continuum. This timely and relevant theme is aligned with the United Nations General Assembly-endorsed New Urban Agenda, and the report provides recommendations on the policies, investments and actions needed to address the challenges of agrifood systems transformation under urbanization and to enable opportunities for ensuring access to affordable healthy diets for everyone.
How To Achieve A Planetary Health Diet Through System And Paradigm Change
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Author : Samara Brock
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2024-04-19
How To Achieve A Planetary Health Diet Through System And Paradigm Change written by Samara Brock and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-04-19 with Science categories.
Poverty Household Food Security And Nutrition In Rural Areas
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Author : K. Uma Maheswari
language : en
Publisher: Discovery Publishing House
Release Date : 2000
Poverty Household Food Security And Nutrition In Rural Areas written by K. Uma Maheswari and has been published by Discovery Publishing House this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Medical categories.
Managing food security in a predominantly rural economy such as India, requires an understanding not only of how agricultural policies of food supply and incomes but also how households acquire food and cope with insecurity of food. Many economists regard income as the main indicator of welfare, but other planners maintain that food consumption, health and nutrition of household members are also important in defining a household s standard of living. The main concerned of this study is to trace the pathways from economic and social policies to food security and ultimately to nutrition. Contents: Introduction, Review of Literature, Materials and Methods, Results and Discussion, Summary and Conclusions.