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Alternative Theories Of Output Unemployment And Inflation In Germany 1960 1985


Alternative Theories Of Output Unemployment And Inflation In Germany 1960 1985
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Alternative Theories Of Output Unemployment And Inflation In Germany 1960 1985


Alternative Theories Of Output Unemployment And Inflation In Germany 1960 1985
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Author : Christine Sauer
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06

Alternative Theories Of Output Unemployment And Inflation In Germany 1960 1985 written by Christine Sauer and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Business & Economics categories.


by Jerome L. Stein Disenchantment with Keynesian econollics developed during the post-1968 period when the rate of growth of output declined, the rate of unemployment rose, and the rate of inflation increased in the U.S. and in other countries. This paradox, called stagflation, was inconsistent with the tenet of Keynesian economics that cyclical movemants in prices and output relative to their respective trends are positively correlated. A search occurred for a more satisfactory theory of macroeconomics which could explain the paradox of stagflation and the observed economic phenomena. The New Classical Economics (NCE) developed as the total rejection of Keynesian economics. The Keynesians claimed that their demand management policies contributed to the obsolescence of the business cycle and successfully eliminated the gap between full employment (potential) output and actusl output. The NCE argued just the opposite: the unemplo~nt rate or growth rate of real output is insensitive to systematic demand management policies [Lucas; Sargent and Wallace].



Descriptive Theories Of Bargaining


Descriptive Theories Of Bargaining
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Author : Gerald R. Uhlich
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06

Descriptive Theories Of Bargaining written by Gerald R. Uhlich and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Business & Economics categories.


The aim of this book is the presentation of two new descriptive theories for experimental bargaining games and a comparison with other descriptive and normative theories. To obtain data it was necessary to develop two sets of computer programs for computer controlled ex periments. Moreover, data obtained by other researchers, which are available to us will be included in this study. The use of laboratory experiments in economics was introduced by THURSTONE [1931] in the field of utility theory. CHAMBERLIN [1948] was the first person to establish an expe rimental market for the purpose of testing a theory. The first experiment on characteristic function games was done by KALISH, MILNOR, NASH, and NERING [1954]. Today the use of experiments in controlled laboratory settings has become widespread. Earlier, economists went into the field to observe phenomena as the behavior of individuals, corporations and nations in action, then they formulated theories to explain what they saw. But unlike natural scientists, economists have not been able to test their theories under controlled conditions. Now experimental economists are able to replicate their results. Replication is very proble matic for field studies, because rarely the same conditions can be established again. Moreover, experimenters are able to test theories for situations described by simplified models which are not observable in the real world.



The Theory Of Oligopoly With Multi Product Firms


The Theory Of Oligopoly With Multi Product Firms
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Author : Koji Okuguchi
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-03-14

The Theory Of Oligopoly With Multi Product Firms written by Koji Okuguchi and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-14 with Business & Economics categories.


In this book a rigorous, systematic, mathematical analysis is presented for oligopoly with multi-product firms in static as well as dynamic frameworks in the light of recent developments in theories of games, oligopoly and industrial organization. The general results derived in this book on oligopoly with multi-product firms contain, as special cases, all previous results on oligopoly with single product as well as oligopoly with product differentiation and single product firms. A constructive nu- merical method is given for finding the Cournot-Nash equilibrium, which may be extremely valuable to those who are interested in numerical analysis of the effects of various industrial policies. A sequential adjustment process is also formulated for finding the equilibrium. Dynamic adjustment processes have two versions, one with a discrete time scale and the other with a continuous time scale. The stability of the equilibrium is thoroughly investigated utilizing powerful mathematical results from the stability and linear algebra literature. The methodology developed for analyzing stability proves to be useful for dynamic analysis of economic models.



Generalized Convexity And Fractional Programming With Economic Applications


Generalized Convexity And Fractional Programming With Economic Applications
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Author : Alberto Cambini
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06

Generalized Convexity And Fractional Programming With Economic Applications written by Alberto Cambini and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Mathematics categories.


Generalizations of convex functions have been used in a variety of fields such as economics. business administration. engineering. statistics and applied sciences.· In 1949 de Finetti introduced one of the fundamental of generalized convex functions characterized by convex level sets which are now known as quasiconvex functions. Since then numerous types of generalized convex functions have been defined in accordance with the need of particular applications.· In each case such functions preserve soine of the valuable properties of a convex function. In addition to generalized convex functions this volume deals with fractional programs. These are constrained optimization problems which in the objective function involve one or several ratios. Such functions are often generalized convex. Fractional programs arise in management science. economics and numerical mathematics for example. In order to promote the circulation and development of research in this field. an international workshop on "Generalized Concavity. Fractional Programming and Economic Applications" was held at the University of Pisa. Italy. May 30 - June 1. 1988. Following conferences on similar topics in Vancouver. Canada in 1980 and in Canton. USA in 1986. it was the first such conference organized in Europe. It brought together 70 scientists from 11 countries. Organizers were Professor A. Cambini. University of Pisa. Professor E. Castagnoli. Bocconi University. Milano. Professor L. Martein. University of Pisa. Professor P. Mazzoleni. University of Verona and Professor S. Schaible. University of California. Riverside.



Stochastic Project Networks


Stochastic Project Networks
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Author : Klaus Neumann
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06

Stochastic Project Networks written by Klaus Neumann and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Mathematics categories.


Project planning, scheduling, and control are regularly used in business and the service sector of an economy to accomplish outcomes with limited resources under critical time constraints. To aid in solving these problems, network-based planning methods have been developed that now exist in a wide variety of forms, cf. Elmaghraby (1977) and Moder et al. (1983). The so-called "classical" project networks, which are used in the network techniques CPM and PERT and which represent acyclic weighted directed graphs, are able to describe only projects whose evolution in time is uniquely specified in advance. Here every event of the project is realized exactly once during a single project execution and it is not possible to return to activities previously carried out (that is, no feedback is permitted). Many practical projects, however, do not meet those conditions. Consider, for example, a production process where some parts produced by a machine may be poorly manufactured. If an inspection shows that a part does not conform to certain specifications, it must be repaired or replaced by a new item. This means that we have to return to a preceding stage of the production process. In other words, there is feedback. Note that the result of the inspection is that a certain percentage of the parts tested do not conform. That is, there is a positive probability (strictly less than 1) that any part is defective.



Nonlinear Economic Dynamics


Nonlinear Economic Dynamics
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Author : Tönu Puu
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2013-03-14

Nonlinear Economic Dynamics written by Tönu Puu and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-14 with Business & Economics categories.


The present study is a preliminary draft on nonlinear economic dynamics, with which the author has been concerned the last years. It grew out from the joint work by Professor Martin Beckmann and the present author on nonlinear statics in spatial economics, Beckmann and Puu, "Spatial Economics" (North-Holland 1985). The monograph mentioned contains sections on price waves and business cycles, but in a linear format. The rest is static theory. The author has finally come to the conviction that linear dynamic modelling has very little to yield. This is due to the poor set of alternatives -decay or explosion of motion -pertinent to linear models. Therefore, the pr~sent work centres on non-linearity. Another distinction is that only purely causal models are dealt with, as those formatted as inter-temporal equilibria hardly belong to the more restricted field of dynamics. The spatial origin is visible in the choice of models. Chapter 2 summarizes the work by the author on the stmctural stability of continuous spatial market equilibrium models. Chapter 3 deals with a re-formulation of the ingenious population growth and diffusion model invented by the young Hotelling in 1921. Chapter 4 is a detailed digression on business cycle models in a continuous spatial format with interregional trade.



Dynamic Modelling Of Stochastic Demand For Manufacturing Employment


Dynamic Modelling Of Stochastic Demand For Manufacturing Employment
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Author : Gerard A. Pfann
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2013-12-21

Dynamic Modelling Of Stochastic Demand For Manufacturing Employment written by Gerard A. Pfann and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-12-21 with Business & Economics categories.


In this book interrelated factor demand models are surveyed. New methods are developed and are analysed empirically using Dutch and U.K. time series data. New methods are discussed for obtaining closed form solutions of linear ratinal expectations models, providing deeper insights into the identification of structural parameters of underlying theoretical models; recently developed time series techniques are applied in order to estimate structural parameters and test for model specification, stationarity and stability through time; new models are developed in which the rather stringent and questionable restrictions of symmetry generally imposed upon stochastic adjustment models of labour demand are relaxed, the models are analysed empirically using time series data of Dutch and U.K. manufacturing production and nonproduction workers.



Aspiration Based Decision Support Systems


Aspiration Based Decision Support Systems
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Author : Andrzej Lewandowski
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-11-11

Aspiration Based Decision Support Systems written by Andrzej Lewandowski and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-11 with Business & Economics categories.


It is not easy to summarize -even in a volume -the results of a scientific study con ducted by circa 30 researchers, in four different research institutions, though cooperating between them and jointly with the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, but working part-time, sponsored not only by IIASA's national currency funds, but also by several other research grants in Poland. The aims of this cooperative study were de fined broadly by its title Theory, Software and Testing Examples for Decision Support Systems. The focusing theme was the methodology of decision analysis and support related to the principle of reference point optimization (developed by the editors of this volume and called also variously: aspiration-led decision support, quasi-satisfying framework of rationality, DIDAS methodology etc. ). This focusing theme motivated extensive theoretical research - from basic methodological issues of decision analysis, through various results in mathematical programming (in the fields of large scale and stochastic optimization, nondifferentiable optimization, cooperative game theory) mo tivated and needed because of this theme, through methodological issues related to software development to issues resulting from testing and applications. We could not include in this volume all papers -theoretical, methodological, appiied, software manu als and documentation -written during this cooperative study.



Methodology And Software For Interactive Decision Support


Methodology And Software For Interactive Decision Support
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Author : Andrzej Lewandowski
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-06-29

Methodology And Software For Interactive Decision Support written by Andrzej Lewandowski and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-29 with Business & Economics categories.


These Proceedings report the scientific results of an International Workshop on Methodology and Software for Interactive Decision Support organized jointly by the System and Decision Sciences Program of the International Institute for Applied Sys tems Analysis (nASA, located in Laxenburg, Austria) and The National Committee for Applied Systems Analysis and Management in Bulgaria. Several other Bulgarian institutions sponsored the Workshop - The Committee for Science to the Council of Ministers, The State Committee for Research and Technology and The Bulgarian In dustrial Association. The workshop was held in Albena, on the Black Sea coast. More than 80 scientists from 15 countries attended the workshop; 50 lectures were presented and 17 computer demonstration sessions took place. This Workshop is one of a series of meetings organized by nASA with the collaboration of scientific institutions from the National Member Organization countries. The previous meetings took place in Austria (1983), Hungary (1984) and the German Democratic Republic (1985). All proceedings of these meetings have been published by Springer Verlag in the series Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems.



Unique Solutions For Strategic Games


Unique Solutions For Strategic Games
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Author : Werner Güth
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06

Unique Solutions For Strategic Games written by Werner Güth and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Business & Economics categories.


This book develops a general solution concept for strategic games which resolves strategic uncertainty completely. The concept is described by a mathematically formulated solution procedure and illustrated by applying it to many interesting examples. A long nontechnical introduction tries to survey and to discuss the more technical parts of the book. The book and especially the introduction provide firm and consistent guidance for scholars of game theory. There are many open problems which could inspire further research efforts.