Anchoring Bias In Recall Data
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Anchoring Bias In Recall Data
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Author : Susan Godlonton
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Anchoring Bias In Recall Data written by Susan Godlonton and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
Self-reported retrospective survey data is widely used in empirical work but may be subject to cognitive biases, even over relatively short recall periods. This paper examines the role of anchoring bias in self-reports of objective and subjective outcomes under recall. We use a unique panel-survey dataset of smallholder farmers from four countries in Central America collected over a period of three years. We exploit differences between recalled and concurrent responses to quantify the degree of mental anchoring in survey recall data. We assess whether respondents use their reported value for the most recent period as a cognitive heuristic when recalling the value from a previous period, while controlling for the value they reported earlier. The results show strong evidence of sizeable anchoring bias in self-reported retrospective indicators for both objective measures (income, wages, and working hours) and subjective measures (reports of happiness, health, stress, and well-being). We also generally observe a larger bias in response to negative changes for objective indicators and a larger bias in response to positive changes for subjective indicators.
Anchoring Bias In Recall Data
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Author : Godlonton, Susan
language : en
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Release Date : 2016-05-20
Anchoring Bias In Recall Data written by Godlonton, Susan and has been published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-05-20 with Business & Economics categories.
Understanding the magnitude and source of measurement biases in self-reported data is critical to effective economic policy research. This paper examines the role of anchoring bias in self-reports of objective and subjective outcomes under recall. The research exploits a unique panel survey data set collected over a three-year period from four countries in Central America. It assesses whether respondents use their reported value of specific measures from the most recent survey period as a cognitive heuristic when recalling the value from a previous period, while controlling for the value they reported earlier. We find strong evidence of sizable anchoring bias in self-reported retrospective indicators for both objective measures (household and per capita income, wages, and hours spent on the household’s main activity) and subjective measures (reports of happiness, health, stress, and well-being). In general, we also observe a larger bias in response to negative changes for objective indicators and a larger bias in response to positive changes for subjective indicators.
Can Survey Design Reduce Anchoring Bias In Recall Data Evidence From Malawi
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Author : Godlonton, Susan
language : en
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Release Date : 2021-11-04
Can Survey Design Reduce Anchoring Bias In Recall Data Evidence From Malawi written by Godlonton, Susan and has been published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-11-04 with Political Science categories.
Recall biases in retrospective survey data are widely considered to be pervasive and have important implications for effective agricultural research. In this paper, we leverage the survey design literature and test three strategies to attenuate mental anchoring in retrospective data collection: question order effects, retrieval cues, and aggregate (community) anchoring. We embed a survey design experiment in a longitudinal survey of smallholder farmers in Malawi and focus on anchoring bias in maize production and happiness exploiting differences between recalled and concurrent responses. We find that asking for retrospective data before concurrent data reduces recall bias by approximately 34% for maize production, a meaningful improvement with no increase in survey data collection costs. Retrieval cues are less successful in reducing the bias for maize reports and involve more data collection time, while community anchors can exacerbate the bias. Reversing the order of questions and retrieval cues do not help to ease the bias for happiness reports.
Impacts Of Caadp On Africa S Agricultural Led Development
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Author : Benin, Samuel
language : en
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Release Date : 2016-09-02
Impacts Of Caadp On Africa S Agricultural Led Development written by Benin, Samuel and has been published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-09-02 with Political Science categories.
This paper uses panel data on 46 African countries from 2001 to 2014 to estimate the impacts of the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP), an agriculture-led integrated framework of development priorities in Africa, on agricultural expenditure and productivity, income, and nutrition. A difference-in-difference treatment-effects model (based on when a CAADP compact is signed and the level of CAADP implementation reached) and different estimation methods and model specifications are used. The results show that CAADP has had a positive impact on agricultural value-added and land and labor productivity. The impact on agriculture expenditure is generally negative, suggesting that there is a substitution effect between the government’s own funding and external sources of funding for the sector. The estimated impact on income and nutrition is generally insignificant. There are some puzzling results from the interaction between specific period of compact signing and level of implementation reached. Implications for maintaining the positive impacts, as well as for further research to understand the puzzling results, are discussed.
Can Labor Market Imperfections Explain Changes In The Inverse Farm Size Productivity Relationship
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Author : Deininger, Klaus
language : en
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Release Date : 2016-06-24
Can Labor Market Imperfections Explain Changes In The Inverse Farm Size Productivity Relationship written by Deininger, Klaus and has been published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-06-24 with Political Science categories.
To understand whether and how inverse relationship between farm size and productivity changes when labor market performance improves, we use large national farm panel from India covering a quarter-century (1982, 1999, 2008) to show that the inverserelationship weakened significantly over time, despite an increase in the dispersion of farm sizes. A key reason was the substitution of capital for labor in response to nonagricultural labor demand. In addition, family labor wasmore efficient than hired labor in the 1982–1999 period, but not during the 1999–2008period.In line with labor market imperfections as a key factor, separability of labor supply and demand decisions cannot be rejected in the second period,except in villages with very low nonagricultural labor demand.
Assessing The Impacts Of Covid 19 On The Coffee Value Chain In Guatemala Evidence From Coffee Growers In The Midwest And East
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Author : Hernandez, Manuel A.
language : en
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Release Date : 2021-12-23
Assessing The Impacts Of Covid 19 On The Coffee Value Chain In Guatemala Evidence From Coffee Growers In The Midwest And East written by Hernandez, Manuel A. and has been published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-12-23 with Political Science categories.
Coffee is a growth market. Current estimates indicate that global coffee production (in volume) has increased by more than 60% since the 1990s. Coffee is produced by around 25 million farmers, which are mainly smallholders in developing and least developed countries, and over 70% of the coffee produced is exported, resulting in about 20 billion US dollars annual foreign exchange earnings (ICO, 2020). COVID-19 represented a severe joint supply and demand shock to the global coffee sector, particularly during the first months after the start of the pandemic. As noted by Hernandez et al. (2020), the coffee industry experienced important disruptions downstream the value chain, including the functioning of key export infrastructure and international shipping, which combined with local currency devaluations and volatile coffee prices, which resulted in significant challenges for coffee growers, farm workers, and traders.
Can Survey Design Reduce Anchoring Bias In Recall Data
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Author : Susan Godlonton
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021
Can Survey Design Reduce Anchoring Bias In Recall Data written by Susan Godlonton and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with categories.
Linking Smallholder Farmers To Commercial Markets
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Author : Ebata, Ayako
language : en
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Release Date : 2016-07-01
Linking Smallholder Farmers To Commercial Markets written by Ebata, Ayako and has been published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-07-01 with Political Science categories.
Access to modern commercialization channels is key for smallholder farmers to be able to move away from subsistence farming and overcome poverty. However, achieving that goal is challenging for smallholders given their lack of appropriate managerial practices, production technology and infrastructure. This paper examines the effect of receiving training in two different entrepreneurial practices designed to link farmers to commercial markets: one direct aimed at the individual and farmer-association level and another indirect focused at the community level. We exploit an extensive panel dataset of staple bean farmers in Nicaragua who participated in a program run by a nongovernmental organization between 2007–2012. We find that the two market-linkage training activities had opposite effects on the commercialization of beans, especially on the intensive margin or volume of sales. While receiving direct training on entrepreneurial practices is positively associated with sales in commercial markets, training on municipality engagement (ME) activities is negatively associated. The market-linkage activities mainly affected entrant farmers as opposed to those already participating in commercial markets. We further find varying effects of the ME activities by plot size and leadership position. Additional results show that training activities that appear to work for bean producers do not necessarily work for other crop producers, and vice versa.
A Farm Level Perspective Of The Policy Challenges For Export Diversification In Malawi
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Author : Johnson, Michael E.
language : en
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Release Date : 2016-08-26
A Farm Level Perspective Of The Policy Challenges For Export Diversification In Malawi written by Johnson, Michael E. and has been published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-08-26 with Political Science categories.
The primary goal of the study is to investigate the potential to expand oilseeds, specifically soybeans,as an alternative commercialcrop to tobacco among Malawian farmers. A principal motivation for undertaking the study at the microeconomic level is to determine, in a theoretically consistent fashion, the type of policy and economic environment under which farmers begin to shift more of their scarce resources to oilseed production.The study aims to provide recommendations to a growing demand among policy makers and development partners for a greater diversification of exports and crop production systems of the majority smallholder farmers in Malawi. Using representative farm models, the study examinesthe potential for expanding production of soybeans among typical smallholder farming systems in Malawi. The results will help guide future policies and investments targeted at promoting greater crop diversification and incomes, in order to reduce poverty and malnutrition in Malawi. Given the amount of labor and land resources allocated to maize production for food security purposes, we also consider the policy challenges that emerge for crop diversification as a result
Gender Research In The Cgiar Research Program On Policies Institutions And Markets In 2018 And 2019
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Author : Vos, Andrea
language : en
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Release Date : 2021-02-11
Gender Research In The Cgiar Research Program On Policies Institutions And Markets In 2018 And 2019 written by Vos, Andrea and has been published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-02-11 with Political Science categories.
This report analyses PIM’s 391 peer-reviewed 2018 and 20191 publications. We highlight key gender findings and discuss the challenges faced by researchers in doing gender analysis, with a view to documenting lessons learned and improving practices. It is hoped that the gaps and strengths identified in this report will be useful inputs for future research under PIM and One CGIAR.