Andean Report Number 1
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Andean Report Number 1
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: BID-INTAL
Release Date :
Andean Report Number 1 written by and has been published by BID-INTAL this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.
Coca And Cocaine In The Andes
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Author : Robert Mihelli
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2003-11-28
Coca And Cocaine In The Andes written by Robert Mihelli and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-11-28 with Business & Economics categories.
Seminar paper from the year 2002 in the subject Geography / Earth Science - Economic Geography, grade: 1,2 (A+), RWTH Aachen University (Geography Institute), language: English, abstract: Andean farmers have good financial reasons for continuing to grow coca, and it is unlikely that theeconomic equation can be substantially altered. Cocaine is as cheap and plentiful as ever on U.S.streets, the biggest market for cocaine; the State Department estimates that 1999 coca productionincreased. The current U.S. retail cocaine market is somewhere between $30 billion and $150 billion. Efforts at interdiction and crop substitution have failed, the former because the amounts of cocaineimported are so large that seizures have little overall impact, the latter both because alternative cropsare intrinsically less lucrative and because there is no infrastructure to bring such crops to market. TheU.S. General Accounting Office report to Congress argued that crop substitution was unlikely tosucceed, and the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration has calculated the cost of raw coca as makingup less than 1 percent of the retail cost of refined cocaine in the U.S. The latter statistic means thattraffickers could easily afford to increase what they pay for raw coca if a shortage occurred, therebystimulating production. In order to explain why the andean Countries prefer to grow coca, it is important to understand that thecoca plant is a part of the culture, as history shows and there is a difference between the existence ofcoca and cocaine. The usage and the production of the coca plant changed in the last hundred years,and the monocultural development carry tremendous illegal capacities. But on the other hand, it isoriginally a cultural heritage. To explain this issue one must know where it is cultivated, why and whatproblems it causes for the Andean Countries, and not only for these countries, but on a globalscale.
Andrean Report
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Author : Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2001
Andrean Report written by Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with categories.
Latin America Regional Reports
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1996
Latin America Regional Reports written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Andes Region categories.
The Andean Cocaine Industry
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Author : P. Clawson
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-04-30
The Andean Cocaine Industry written by P. Clawson and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-04-30 with Political Science categories.
It is commonly known that the Andean nations of Colombia, Peru, and Bolivia are the international centers of cocaine production. But until now, there has been no comprehensive view of this billion dollar industry. Using never-before unearthed information culled from their extensive field research, Patrick Clawson and Rensselaer Lee reveal the configuration of the drug industry, from the original cultivation of coca in the fields of South America to the sale of cocaine on the streets of the United States. The authors analyze the economic and political impact of the drug business on the Andean nations, including such problems as violence and the undermining of legitimate business. Through the ground-breaking work of Clawson and Lee, The Andean Cocaine Industry illuminates one of the most pervasive problems facing the world today.
Andean Cocaine
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Author : Paul Gootenberg
language : en
Publisher: Univ of North Carolina Press
Release Date : 2009-06-01
Andean Cocaine written by Paul Gootenberg and has been published by Univ of North Carolina Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-06-01 with History categories.
Illuminating a hidden and fascinating chapter in the history of globalization, Paul Gootenberg chronicles the rise of one of the most spectacular and now illegal Latin American exports: cocaine. Gootenberg traces cocaine's history from its origins as a medical commodity in the nineteenth century to its repression during the early twentieth century and its dramatic reemergence as an illicit good after World War II. Connecting the story of the drug's transformations is a host of people, products, and processes: Sigmund Freud, Coca-Cola, and Pablo Escobar all make appearances, exemplifying the global influences that have shaped the history of cocaine. But Gootenberg decenters the familiar story to uncover the roles played by hitherto obscure but vital Andean actors as well--for example, the Peruvian pharmacist who developed the techniques for refining cocaine on an industrial scale and the creators of the original drug-smuggling networks that decades later would be taken over by Colombian traffickers. Andean Cocaine proves indispensable to understanding one of the most vexing social dilemmas of the late twentieth-century Americas: the American cocaine epidemic of the 1980s and, in its wake, the seemingly endless U.S. drug war in the Andes.
Lost Crops Of The Incas
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 1989-02-01
Lost Crops Of The Incas written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989-02-01 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This fascinating, readable volume is filled with enticing, detailed information about more than 30 different Incan crops that promise to follow the potato's lead and become important contributors to the world's food supply. Some of these overlooked foods offer special advantages for developing nations, such as high nutritional quality and excellent yields. Many are adaptable to areas of the United States. Lost Crops of the Incas includes vivid color photographs of many of the crops and describes the authors' experiences in growing, tasting, and preparing them in different ways. This book is for the gourmet and gourmand alike, as well as gardeners, botanists, farmers, and agricultural specialists in developing countries.
Politics In The Andes
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Author : Jo-Marie Burt
language : en
Publisher: University of Pittsburgh Pre
Release Date : 2004-02-22
Politics In The Andes written by Jo-Marie Burt and has been published by University of Pittsburgh Pre this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-02-22 with Political Science categories.
The Andean region is perhaps the most violent and politically unstable in the Western Hemisphere. Politics in the Andes is the first comprehensive volume to assess the persistent political challenges facing Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.Arguing that Andean states and societies have been shaped by common historical forces, the contributors' comparative approach reveals how different countries have responded variously to the challenges and opportunities presented by those forces. Individual chapters are structured around themes of ethnic, regional, and gender diversity; violence and drug trafficking; and political change and democracy.Politics in the Andes offers a contemporary view of a region in crisis, providing the necessary context to link the often sensational news from the area to broader historical, political, economic, and social trends.
The Andean Report
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1995
The Andean Report written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with Andes Region categories.
The Andean Glacier And Water Atlas
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Author : Johansen, Kari Synnove
language : en
Publisher: UNESCO Publishing
Release Date : 2018-11-05
The Andean Glacier And Water Atlas written by Johansen, Kari Synnove and has been published by UNESCO Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-11-05 with Education categories.
This Atlas illustrates the significant reduction in glacier mass happening throughout the Andean region. It quantifies the contribution of glaciers to drinking water supplies in cities and to agriculture, hydropower and industries. A reduction in glacier mass results in a long-term reduction in seasonal melt water - which is the mainstay of livelihoods for millions of people.