Aspects Of Rationality
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Rational Decisions In Organisations
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Author : Frédéric Adam
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2022-05-30
Rational Decisions In Organisations written by Frédéric Adam and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-05-30 with Business & Economics categories.
Managers in organisations must make rational decisions. Rational decision making is the opposite of intuitive decision making. It is a strict procedure utilising objective knowledge and logic. It involves identifying the problem to solve, gathering facts, identifying options and outcomes, analysing them, considering all the relationships and selecting the decision. Rational decision making requires support: methods and software tools. The identification of the problem to solve needs methods that would measure and evaluate the current situation. Identification and evaluation of options and analysis of the available possibilities involves analysis and optimisation methods. Incorporating intuition into rational decision making needs adequate methods that would translate ideas or observed behaviours into hard data. Communication, observation and opinions recording is hardly possible today without adequate software. Information and data that form the input, intermediate variables and the output must be stored, managed and made accessible in a user-friendly manner. Rational Decisions in Organisations: Theoretical and Practical Aspects presents selected recent developments in the support of the widely understood rational decision making in organisations, illustrated through case studies. The book shows not only the variety of perspectives involved in decision making, but also the variety of domains where rational decision support systems are needed. The case studies present decision making by medical doctors, students and managers of various universities, IT project teams, construction companies, banks and small and large manufacturing companies. Covering the richness of relationships in which the decisions should and must be taken, the book illustrates how modern organisations operate in chains and networks; they have multiple responsibilities, including social, legal, business and ethical duties. Nowadays, managers in organisations can make transparent decisions and consider a multitude of stakeholders and their diverse features, incorporating diverse criteria, using multiple types and drivers of information and decision-making patterns, and referring to numerous lessons learned. As the book makes clear, the marriage of theoretical ideas with the possibilities offered by technology can make the decisions in organisations more rational and, at the same time, more human.
Debating Rationality
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Author : Jennifer J. Halpern
language : en
Publisher: Cornell University Press
Release Date : 1997
Debating Rationality written by Jennifer J. Halpern and has been published by Cornell University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with Business & Economics categories.
"Debating Rationality is a terrific collection of essays written by an obviously first rate set of scholars. Several recent books have attempted to make similar points, but this volume pushes the ideas in new directions, rather than simply restating what are now established themes."--Roderick M. Kramer, co-author of Trust in OrganizationsDecision makers strive to be rational. Traditionally, rational decisions maximize an appropriate return. The contributors to this book challenge the common assumption that good decisions must be rational in this economic sense. They emphasize that the decision-making process is influenced by social, organizational, and psychological considerations as well as by economic concerns. Relationships, time pressure, external demands for specific types of performance, contractual expectations, human biases, and reactions to unfair treatment alter the decision-making context and the resulting decision outcomes.
The Oxford Handbook Of Rationality
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Author : Alfred R. Mele
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2004-01-08
The Oxford Handbook Of Rationality written by Alfred R. Mele and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-01-08 with Philosophy categories.
Rationality has long been a central topic in philosophy, crossing standard divisions and categories. It continues to attract much attention in published research and teaching by philosophers as well as scholars in other disciplines, including economics, psychology, and law. The Oxford Handbook of Rationality is an indispensable reference to the current state of play in this vital and interdisciplinary area of study. Twenty-two newly commissioned chapters by a roster of distinguished philosophers provide an overview of the prominent views on rationality, with each author also developing a unique and distinctive argument.
Ecological Research Series
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1979
Ecological Research Series written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1979 with Ecology categories.
Rational Belief
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Author : Robert Audi
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Release Date : 2015
Rational Belief written by Robert Audi and has been published by Oxford University Press, USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with Philosophy categories.
This book is a wide-ranging treatment of central topics in epistemology. It provides conceptions of belief and knowledge, offers a theory of how they are grounded in our experience and in the social context of testimony, and connects them with the will and with action, moral responsibility, and intellectual virtue.
The Roots Of Reason
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Author : David Papineau
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2003
The Roots Of Reason written by David Papineau and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Philosophy categories.
David Papineau presents a controversial view of human reason, portraying it as a normal part of the natural world, and drawing on the empirical sciences to illuminate its workings. In these six interconnected essays he offers a fresh approach to some long-standing problems. Papineau rejects the contemporary orthodoxy that genuine thought hinges on some species of non-natural normativity. He explores the evolutionary histories of theoretical and practical rationality, indicating ways in which capacities underlying human reasoning have been selected for their biological advantages. He then looks at the connection between decision and probability, explaining how good decisions need to be informed by causal as well as probabilistic facts. Finally he defends the radical view that a satisfactory understanding of decision-making is only possible within a specific interpretation of quantum mechanics. By placing the subject in its scientific context, Papineau shows how human rationality plays an explicable role in the functioning of the natural world.
Bounded Rationality
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Author : Gerd Gigerenzer
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2002-07-26
Bounded Rationality written by Gerd Gigerenzer and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-07-26 with Business & Economics categories.
In a complex and uncertain world, humans and animals make decisions under the constraints of limited knowledge, resources, and time. Yet models of rational decision making in economics, cognitive science, biology, and other fields largely ignore these real constraints and instead assume agents with perfect information and unlimited time. About forty years ago, Herbert Simon challenged this view with his notion of "bounded rationality." Today, bounded rationality has become a fashionable term used for disparate views of reasoning. This book promotes bounded rationality as the key to understanding how real people make decisions. Using the concept of an "adaptive toolbox," a repertoire of fast and frugal rules for decision making under uncertainty, it attempts to impose more order and coherence on the idea of bounded rationality. The contributors view bounded rationality neither as optimization under constraints nor as the study of people's reasoning fallacies. The strategies in the adaptive toolbox dispense with optimization and, for the most part, with calculations of probabilities and utilities. The book extends the concept of bounded rationality from cognitive tools to emotions; it analyzes social norms, imitation, and other cultural tools as rational strategies; and it shows how smart heuristics can exploit the structure of environments.
Aspects Of Rationality
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Author : Raymond S. Nickerson
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2007-11-19
Aspects Of Rationality written by Raymond S. Nickerson and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-11-19 with Psychology categories.
What does it mean to be rational to reason well and effectively? How does rationality, broadly conceived, relate to the knowledge one acquires, the beliefs one forms, the explanations one constructs or appropriates, the judgments and decisions one makes, the values one adopts? What is the character of human reasoning and, in particular, does it t
The Rational Mind
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Author : Scott Sturgeon
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2020-01-30
The Rational Mind written by Scott Sturgeon and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-01-30 with Philosophy categories.
Scott Sturgeon presents an original account of mental states and their dynamics. He develops a detailed story of coarse- and fine-grained mental states, a novel perspective on how they fit together, an engaging theory of the rational transitions between them, and a fresh view of how formal methods can advance our understanding in this area. In doing so, he addresses a deep four-way divide in literature on epistemic rationality. Formal epistemology is done in specialized languages—often seeming a lot more like mathematics than Plato—and so can alienate philosophers who are drawn to more traditional work on thought experiments in epistemic rationality. Conversely, informal epistemology appears to be a lot more like Plato than mathematics and, as such, it tends to deter philosophers drawn to formal models of the phenomena. Similarly, the epistemology of coarse-grained states boils down everything to a discussion of rational belief—making the area appear a lot more like foundations of knowledge than anything useful for the theory rational decision, such as decision-making under uncertainty. The Rational Mind unifies work in all of these areas for the first time.
Free Riding
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Author : Richard Tuck
language : en
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Release Date : 2008-06-15
Free Riding written by Richard Tuck and has been published by Harvard University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-06-15 with Business & Economics categories.
Introduction: Olson's problem -- Philosophy -- The prisoners' dilemma -- Voting and other thresholds -- Negligibility -- Conclusion to part I -- History -- Rule and act utilitarianism -- Perfect competition, oligopoly and monopoly -- Conclusion to part II.