Asset Purchase Programs In European Emerging Markets
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Asset Purchase Programs In European Emerging Markets
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Author : Mr. Marco Arena
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2021-09-24
Asset Purchase Programs In European Emerging Markets written by Mr. Marco Arena and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-09-24 with Business & Economics categories.
Several emerging market central banks in Europe deployed asset purchase programs (APPs) amid the 2020 pandemic. The common main goals were to address market dysfunction and impaired monetary transmission, distinct from the quantitative easing conducted by major advanced economy central banks. Likely reflecting the global nature of the crisis, these APPs defied the traditional emerging market concern of destabilizing the exchange rate or inflation expectations and instead alleviated markets successfully. We uncover some evidence that APPs in European emerging markets stabilized government bond markets and boosted equity prices, with no indication of exchange rate pressure. Examining global and domestic factors that could limit the usability of APPs, in the event of renewed market dysfunction we see a potential scope for scaling up APPs in most European emerging markets that used APPs during the pandemic, provided that they remain consistent with the primary objective of monetary policy and keep a safe distance from the risk of fiscal dominance. As central banks in the region move towards monetary policy tightening, the tapering, ending, and unwinding of APPs must also be carefully considered. Clear and transparent communication is critical at each step of the process, from the inception to the closure of APPs, particularly when a large shock hits and triggers a major policy shift.
Asset Purchases And Direct Financing Guiding Principles For Emerging Markets And Developing Economies During Covid 19 And Beyond
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Author : Mr. Tobias Adrian
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2021-10-11
Asset Purchases And Direct Financing Guiding Principles For Emerging Markets And Developing Economies During Covid 19 And Beyond written by Mr. Tobias Adrian and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-10-11 with Business & Economics categories.
Many central banks in emerging market and developing economies have used asset purchases to reduce financial stresses during the COVID crisis, and some are doing so to provide macroeconomic stimulus.
Effects Of Emerging Market Asset Purchase Program Announcements On Financial Markets During The Covid 19 Pandemic
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Author : Can Sever
language : en
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Release Date : 2020-12-18
Effects Of Emerging Market Asset Purchase Program Announcements On Financial Markets During The Covid 19 Pandemic written by Can Sever and has been published by INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-12-18 with Business & Economics categories.
The COVID-19 pandemic led many emerging market central banks to adopt, for the first time, unconventional policies in the form of asset purchase programs. In this study, we analyze the effects of these announcements on domestic financial markets using both event studies and local projections methodology. We find that these asset purchase announcements lowered bond yields, did not lead to a depreciation of domestic currencies, and did not have much effect on equities. While the immediate effect of asset purchases appears positive, further consideration of the risks and longer-term effects of unconventional monetary policies is needed. We highlight the trade-offs involved with the implementation of these measures, and discuss their risks. This working paper adds to the debate on how asset purchase programs should be a regular part of the emerging market policy toolkit.
The Financial Market Effects Of The Ecb S Asset Purchase Programs
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Author : Vivien Lewis
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
The Financial Market Effects Of The Ecb S Asset Purchase Programs written by Vivien Lewis and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
The European Central Bank's asset purchase programs, while intended to stabilize the economy, may have unintended side effects on financial stability. This paper aims at gauging the effects on financial markets, the banking sector, and lending to non-financial firms. Using a structural vector autoregression analysis, we find both in the euro area and in Germany a positive effect on output, while prices do not respond significantly. Asset purchases reduce financial stress, but this beneficial effect is overturned in the medium run. In Germany, implicit firm default rates rise, while loan write-offs by banks decrease. This could point to an avoidance of balance sheet repair in the financial sector.
Unconventional Monetary Policies Recent Experiences And Prospects Background Paper
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Author : International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept.
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2013-04-18
Unconventional Monetary Policies Recent Experiences And Prospects Background Paper written by International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept. and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-18 with Business & Economics categories.
This paper provides background information to the main Board paper, “The Role and Limits of Unconventional Monetary Policy.” This paper is divided in five distinct sections, each focused on a different topic covered in the main paper, though most relate to bond purchase programs. As a result, this paper centers on the experience of the United States Federal Reserve (Fed), the Bank of England (BOE) and the Bank of Japan (BOJ), mostly leaving the European Central Bank (ECB) aside given its focus on restoring the functioning of financial markets and intermediation. Section A explores whether bond purchase programs were effective at decreasing bond yields and, if so, through which channels. Section B goes one step further in evaluating whether bond purchase programs had—or can be expected to have—significant effects on real growth and inflation. Section C studies the spillover effects of bond purchases on both advanced and emerging market economies, using very similar methods as introduced in the first section. Section D breaks from the immediate focus on bond purchases to discuss how inflation might decrease the debt burden in advanced economies, in light of possible pressures that could fall (or be perceived to fall) on central banks. Finally, Section E discusses the possible risks of exiting given the very large central bank balance sheets.
Quantitative Easing An Evaluation Of Its Effectiveness For The European Central Bank
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Author : Daniel Stiehle
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2016-06-24
Quantitative Easing An Evaluation Of Its Effectiveness For The European Central Bank written by Daniel Stiehle and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-06-24 with Business & Economics categories.
Essay from the year 2016 in the subject Economics - Macro-economics, general, grade: 78%, University of Warwick, language: English, abstract: This Essay addresses Quantitative Easing and gives an evaluation of its effectiveness and whether or not it was necessary for the European Central Bank to launch its QE program announced in January 2015. In response to the Financial Crisis of 2008, Central Bankers sought to respond with aggressive monetary policy in order to prevent deflation and stimulate aggregate demand. However, since nominal interest rates were already historically low, following the era of ‘Great Moderation’, there was an increased likelihood of nominal interest rate policy being constrained by the Zero Lower Bound. Indeed, by early 2009, 4 major global Central Banks, namely the Federal Reserve (Fed), the Bank of England (BoE), the Bank of Japan (BoJ) and the European Central Bank (ECB) had lowered policy rates to their respective lower bounds. Taylor rule predictions advocated lower policy rates than those achieved by Central Banks at the effective Zero Lower Bound, motivating unconventional policy approaches, depending on individual Central Bank objectives. The ECB implemented QE policy more hesitantly, increasing the size of bank balance sheets by 50% immediately following the collapse of Lehman Brothers, in contrast to the US and UK, whose bank sheets tripled in size. Due to the bank-centric nature of Eurozone economies, firms tend to fund investment through bank borrowing as opposed to money-markets. Hence the ECB adopted an approach of increasing the elasticity of supply of loans by accepting a wide range of assets as collateral and offering unlimited funds at a fixed rate. This served to increase the size of banks’ balance sheets, although bond purchases were subsequently carried out under the framework of the Covered Bond and Securities Markets Programme. The stated aim of QE was to suppress deflationary threats and encourage investment and consumption, although many question the purchase of bonds of heavily indebted states amidst the Sovereign Debt Crisis of 2010, which some suggest allows for the delay in structural, economic reform.
Emerging Market Volatility
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Author : Ms.Ratna Sahay
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2014-10-02
Emerging Market Volatility written by Ms.Ratna Sahay and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-10-02 with Business & Economics categories.
Accommodative monetary policies in advanced economies have spurred increased capital inflows into emerging markets since the global financial crisis. Starting in May 2013, when the Federal Reserve publicly discussed its plans for tapering unconventional monetary policies, these emerging markets have experienced financial turbulence at the same that their domestic economic activity has slowed. This paper examines their experiences and policy responses and draws broad policy lessons. For emerging markets, good macroeconomic fundamentals matter, and early and decisive measures to strengthen macroeconomic policies and reduce vulnerabilities help dampen market reactions to external shocks. For advanced economies, clear and effective communication about the exit from unconventional monetary policy can and did help later to reduce the risk of excessive market volatility. And for the global community, enhanced global cooperation, including a strong global financial safety net, offers emerging markets effective protection against excessive volatility.
Global Financial Stability Report October 2019
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Author : International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2019-10-16
Global Financial Stability Report October 2019 written by International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-10-16 with Business & Economics categories.
The October 2019 Global Financial Stability Report (GFSR) identifies the current key vulnerabilities in the global financial system as the rise in corporate debt burdens, increasing holdings of riskier and more illiquid assets by institutional investors, and growing reliance on external borrowing by emerging and frontier market economies. The report proposes that policymakers mitigate these risks through stricter supervisory and macroprudential oversight of firms, strengthened oversight and disclosure for institutional investors, and the implementation of prudent sovereign debt management practices and frameworks for emerging and frontier market economies.
Global Financial Stability Report April 2021
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Author : International Monetary Fund
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2021-04-06
Global Financial Stability Report April 2021 written by International Monetary Fund and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-04-06 with Business & Economics categories.
Extraordinary policy measures have eased financial conditions and supported the economy, helping to contain financial stability risks. Chapter 1 warns that there is a pressing need to act to avoid a legacy of vulnerabilities while avoiding a broad tightening of financial conditions. Actions taken during the pandemic may have unintended consequences such as stretched valuations and rising financial vulnerabilities. The recovery is also expected to be asynchronous and divergent between advanced and emerging market economies. Given large external financing needs, several emerging markets face challenges, especially if a persistent rise in US rates brings about a repricing of risk and tighter financial conditions. The corporate sector in many countries is emerging from the pandemic overindebted, with notable differences depending on firm size and sector. Concerns about the credit quality of hard-hit borrowers and profitability are likely to weigh on the risk appetite of banks. Chapter 2 studies leverage in the nonfinancial private sector before and during the COVID-19 crisis, pointing out that policymakers face a trade-off between boosting growth in the short term by facilitating an easing of financial conditions and containing future downside risks. This trade-off may be amplified by the existing high and rapidly building leverage, increasing downside risks to future growth. The appropriate timing for deployment of macroprudential tools should be country-specific, depending on the pace of recovery, vulnerabilities, and policy tools available. Chapter 3 turns to the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on the commercial real estate sector. While there is little evidence of large price misalignments at the onset of the pandemic, signs of overvaluation have now emerged in some economies. Misalignments in commercial real estate prices, especially if they interact with other vulnerabilities, increase downside risks to future growth due to the possibility of sharp price corrections.
Economics Of Sovereign Wealth Funds
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Author : Mr.Udaibir S. Das
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2010-12-09
Economics Of Sovereign Wealth Funds written by Mr.Udaibir S. Das and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-12-09 with Business & Economics categories.
The book covers a wide range of topics of relevance to policymakers in countries that have sovereign wealth funds (SWFs) and those that receive SWF investments. Renowned experts in the field have contributed chapters. The book is organized around four themes: (1) the role and macrofinancial linkages of SWFs, (2) institutional factors, (3) investment approaches and financial markets, and (4) the postcrisis outlook. The book also discusses the challenges facing sovereign wealth funds in the coming years, from an inside perspective on countries, including Canada, Chile, China, Norway, Russia, and New Zealand. Economics of Sovereign Wealth Funds will contribute to a further understanding of the nature, strategies and behavior of SWFs and the environment in which they operate, as their importance is likely to grow in the coming years.