Autonomous Weapons And Operational Risk Ethical Autonomy Project
DOWNLOAD
Download Autonomous Weapons And Operational Risk Ethical Autonomy Project PDF/ePub or read online books in Mobi eBooks. Click Download or Read Online button to get Autonomous Weapons And Operational Risk Ethical Autonomy Project book now. This website allows unlimited access to, at the time of writing, more than 1.5 million titles, including hundreds of thousands of titles in various foreign languages. If the content not found or just blank you must refresh this page
Autonomous Weapons And Operational Risk Ethical Autonomy Project
DOWNLOAD
Author : Paul Scharre
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022
Autonomous Weapons And Operational Risk Ethical Autonomy Project written by Paul Scharre and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with categories.
Autonomous Weapons And Operational Risk
DOWNLOAD
Author : Paul Scharre
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Autonomous Weapons And Operational Risk written by Paul Scharre and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with Autonomous robots categories.
This paper is aimed at helping defense professionals think clearly and objectively about possible risks associated with autonomous weapons. Autonomous weapons generally do not exist, and their military costs and benefits can be speculated but are not yet clearly known. What is clear, however, is that they raise novel questions of risk. The essence of autonomy is delegating a task previously done by a person to a machine. This raises the important question of how to retain effective human control over the machine's behavior and the risks, both the probability and consequences, associated with a loss of control.
Lethal Autonomous Weapons
DOWNLOAD
Author : Jai Galliott
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Release Date : 2021-01-19
Lethal Autonomous Weapons written by Jai Galliott and has been published by Oxford University Press, USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-01-19 with Law categories.
"Because of the increasing use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs, also commonly known as drones) in various military and para-military (i.e., CIA) settings, there has been increasing debate in the international community as to whether it is morally and ethically permissible to allow robots (flying or otherwise) the ability to decide when and where to take human life. In addition, there has been intense debate as to the legal aspects, particularly from a humanitarian law framework. In response to this growing international debate, the United States government released the Department of Defense (DoD) 3000.09 Directive (2011), which sets a policy for if and when autonomous weapons would be used in US military and para-military engagements. This US policy asserts that only "human-supervised autonomous weapon systems may be used to select and engage targets, with the exception of selecting humans as targets, for local defense ...". This statement implies that outside of defensive applications, autonomous weapons will not be allowed to independently select and then fire upon targets without explicit approval from a human supervising the autonomous weapon system. Such a control architecture is known as human supervisory control, where a human remotely supervises an automated system (Sheridan 1992). The defense caveat in this policy is needed because the United States currently uses highly automated systems for defensive purposes, e.g., Counter Rocket, Artillery, and Mortar (C-RAM) systems and Patriot anti-missile missiles. Due to the time-critical nature of such environments (e.g., soldiers sleeping in barracks within easy reach of insurgent shoulder-launched missiles), these automated defensive systems cannot rely upon a human supervisor for permission because of the short engagement times and the inherent human neuromuscular lag which means that even if a person is paying attention, there is approximately a half-second delay in hitting a firing button, which can mean the difference for life and death for the soldiers in the barracks. So as of now, no US UAV (or any robot) will be able to launch any kind of weapon in an offensive environment without human direction and approval. However, the 3000.09 Directive does contain a clause that allows for this possibility in the future. This caveat states that the development of a weapon system that independently decides to launch a weapon is possible but first must be approved by the Under Secretary of Defense for Policy (USD(P)); the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics (USD(AT&L)); and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Not all stakeholders are happy with this policy that leaves the door open for what used to be considered science fiction. Many opponents of such uses of technologies call for either an outright ban on autonomous weaponized systems, or in some cases, autonomous systems in general (Human Rights Watch 2013, Future of Life Institute 2015, Chairperson of the Informal Meeting of Experts 2016). Such groups take the position that weapons systems should always be under "meaningful human control," but do not give a precise definition of what this means. One issue in this debate that often is overlooked is that autonomy is not a discrete state, rather it is a continuum, and various weapons with different levels of autonomy have been in the US inventory for some time. Because of these ambiguities, it is often hard to draw the line between automated and autonomous systems. Present-day UAVs use the very same guidance, navigation and control technology flown on commercial aircraft. Tomahawk missiles, which have been in the US inventory for more than 30 years, are highly automated weapons with accuracies of less than a meter. These offensive missiles can navigate by themselves with no GPS, thus exhibiting some autonomy by today's definitions. Global Hawk UAVs can find their way home and land on their own without any human intervention in the case of a communication failure. The growth of the civilian UAV market is also a critical consideration in the debate as to whether these technologies should be banned outright. There is a $144.38B industry emerging for the commercial use of drones in agricultural settings, cargo delivery, first response, commercial photography, and the entertainment industry (Adroit Market Research 2019) More than $100 billion has been spent on driverless car development (Eisenstein 2018) in the past 10 years and the autonomy used in driverless cars mirrors that inside autonomous weapons. So, it is an important distinction that UAVs are simply the platform for weapon delivery (autonomous or conventional), and that autonomous systems have many peaceful and commercial uses independent of military applications"--
Autonomous Weapons Systems
DOWNLOAD
Author : Nehal Bhuta
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2016-09
Autonomous Weapons Systems written by Nehal Bhuta and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-09 with History categories.
This examination of the implications and regulation of autonomous weapons systems combines contributions from law, robotics and philosophy.
Ethics And Autonomous Weapons
DOWNLOAD
Author : Alex Leveringhaus
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-05-18
Ethics And Autonomous Weapons written by Alex Leveringhaus and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-05-18 with Political Science categories.
This book is amongst the first academic treatments of the emerging debate on autonomous weapons. Autonomous weapons are capable, once programmed, of searching for and engaging a target without direct intervention by a human operator. Critics of these weapons claim that ‘taking the human out-of-the-loop’ represents a further step towards the de-humanisation of warfare, while advocates of this type of technology contend that the power of machine autonomy can potentially be harnessed in order to prevent war crimes. This book provides a thorough and critical assessment of these two positions. Written by a political philosopher at the forefront of the autonomous weapons debate, the book clearly assesses the ethical and legal ramifications of autonomous weapons, and presents a novel ethical argument against fully autonomous weapons.
Declaration Du Roy Portant Permission Aux Nouveaux Convertis De Rentrer Dans Leurs Biens Vendus
DOWNLOAD
Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1686
Declaration Du Roy Portant Permission Aux Nouveaux Convertis De Rentrer Dans Leurs Biens Vendus written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1686 with categories.
Autonomous Weapon Systems
DOWNLOAD
Author : Jeffrey L. Caton
language : en
Publisher: Letort Papers
Release Date : 2016-03-31
Autonomous Weapon Systems written by Jeffrey L. Caton and has been published by Letort Papers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-03-31 with Business & Economics categories.
What does the Department of Defense hope to gain from the use of autonomous weapon systems (AWS)? This Letort Paper explores a diverse set of complex issues related to the developmental, operational, legal, and ethical aspects of AWS. It explores the recent history of the development and integration of autonomous and semi-autonomous systems into traditional military operations. It examines anticipated expansion of these roles in the near future as well as outlines international efforts to provide a context for the use of the systems by the United States. As these topics are well-documented in many sources, this Paper serves as a primer for current and future AWS operations to provide senior policymakers, decisionmakers, military leaders, and their respective staffs an overall appreciation of existing capabilities and the challenges, opportunities, and risks associated with the use of AWS across the range of military operations. Emphasis is added to missions and systems that include the use of deadly force. AUDIENCE: This paper serves as a primer for current and future autonomous weapon system (AWS) operations to provide senior policymakers, decision-makers, military leaders and their respective staffs an overall appreciation for existing capabilities and the challenges, opportunities, and risks associated with AWS across the range of military operations. Emphasis is added to missions that include the use of deadly force. Additionally defense contractors and technology manufacturers may be interested in this work. Related products: Arms Control History collection is available here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/catalog/us-military-history/arms-control-history Arms & Weapons resources collection can be found here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/catalog/security-defense-law-enforcement/arms-weapons
Autonomous Weapons Systems And The Responsibility Of States
DOWNLOAD
Author : Lutiana Valadares Fernandes Barbosa
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2024-10-18
Autonomous Weapons Systems And The Responsibility Of States written by Lutiana Valadares Fernandes Barbosa and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-10-18 with Computers categories.
This book reviews whether the existing framework in place can effectively address breaches in the context of Autonomous Weapons Systems (AWS). The work endeavors to map out the main gaps and some possible approaches to address them. Part I sets the ground. First, it provides a concept of AWS. Next, it discusses the accountability gap AWS generate and shows how the international community has put far more emphasis on individual responsibility rather than state responsibility. Part II analyzes the challenges AWS pose to the regime governing state responsibility under international law, as codified in the Draft Articles on State Responsibility (ARSIWA). In this regard, it discusses attribution, breach of an international obligation, tempus comissi delicti, multiple states involved in a breach, force majeure, assurance of non-repetition, issues related to damage, the human-machine interaction and its impacts on state ́s responsibility, responsibility for not using AWS, weapons review and the duty of due diligence. Part III summarizes the challenges discussed in part II in thirteen issues of concern and presents possible paths de lege ferenda to address each of those issues, mainly a paradigm shift in attribution and strict liability, among seven other more specific proposals. The conclusion reached is that the current regime on the international responsibility of states is insufficient to deal with the new challenges AWS pose. De lege ferenda, the book argues for following the paths suggested in part III. It also reflects on parts II and III's findings and how many of AWS's challenges to state ́s responsibility apply to other autonomous devices. Therefore, through the case study of AWS, this work also opens the broader discussion of the gaps in the international responsibility of states regarding autonomous device misdoings.
Ai And Autonomy In War
DOWNLOAD
Author : Lawrence Lewis
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Ai And Autonomy In War written by Lawrence Lewis and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with Artificial intelligence categories.
This report examines commonly held concerns about AI and autonomy in war, as reported in the media or voiced in international venues. We find that the overall premises for these concerns are either out of step with the current state of the technology, or they do not consider the way military systems are actually used (which is as part of a larger process for delivering the use of force). These concerns are not spurious - they can lead to much-needed debates and discussions regarding ethical issues of this emerging technology. However, the real risk in a military context (expressed in operational outcomes such as civilian casualties and fratricide) is low from these common concerns. We also examine factors related to the operational use of AI and autonomy. We identify factors associated with the current and near-future state of the technology that could introduce operational risk if not mitigated, and we identify ways to mitigate them. These factors can be blind spots for militaries, which may tend to focus on developing a capability without considering the enablers necessary for the safe and effective use of AI and autonomy. We also present a framework for international and domestic discussions about the primary applicable risks of AI and autonomy in war. Finally we note that AI and autonomy provide opportunities, not just risks. States should look for opportunities to reduce risk and improve the conduct of war.
Autonomous Weapon Systems And The Law Of Armed Conflict
DOWNLOAD
Author : Tim McFarland
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2020-07-09
Autonomous Weapon Systems And The Law Of Armed Conflict written by Tim McFarland and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-07-09 with Law categories.
A close examination of the interface between autonomous technologies and the law with legal analysis grounded in technological realities.