Ayurveda Biology Notes For Assistant Professor Ugc Nta Net Exam

DOWNLOAD
Download Ayurveda Biology Notes For Assistant Professor Ugc Nta Net Exam PDF/ePub or read online books in Mobi eBooks. Click Download or Read Online button to get Ayurveda Biology Notes For Assistant Professor Ugc Nta Net Exam book now. This website allows unlimited access to, at the time of writing, more than 1.5 million titles, including hundreds of thousands of titles in various foreign languages. If the content not found or just blank you must refresh this page
Ayurveda Biology Notes For Assistant Professor Ugc Nta Net Exam
DOWNLOAD
Author : Mocktime Publication
language : en
Publisher: by Mocktime Publication
Release Date : 101-01-01
Ayurveda Biology Notes For Assistant Professor Ugc Nta Net Exam written by Mocktime Publication and has been published by by Mocktime Publication this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 101-01-01 with Study Aids categories.
Syllabus: 1. Vedic origin & chronological development of ?yurveda, ?yurveda and various schools, understanding and relevance of a????ga ?yurveda. 2. Basic Texts and commentaries of ?yurveda, contribution of commentators to ?yurveda. 3. Introduction to b?hattray? and its importance, Introduction to laghutray? and its importance. 4. Basic understanding of nigha??u and ko?a of ?yurveda, contribution of contemporary publications in ?yurveda, Government initiatives for development of ?yurveda. 5. ?yu - lak?a?a, pary?ya, paribh??? and pram??a; Definitions of ?ar?ra, jñ?nendriya, karmendriya, mana, buddhi, citta, aha?k?ra, ?tm?. 6. lokapuru?a s?mya siddh?nta, ekadh?tu puru?a, ?a?dh?tuja puru?a, caturvi??ati tatv?tmaka puru?a and their relevance; Definitions of Ayurveda – hit?yu - ahit?yu, sukh?yu - dukh?yu, tris?tra ?yurveda - hetuli?ga- au?adha-jñ?na svastha ?tura. 7. sv?sthya lak?a?a - Dimensions of Health Corresponding to nature, prak?ti, ?tucary?, dinacary?, svasthav?tta; pa?camah?bh?ta – ?k??a-v?yu-agni-jala-p?thv? and their specific properties. 8. Theories of s?m?nya and vi?e?a; pad?rtha – theories of dravya-gu?a-karma-s?m?nya-vi?e?a-samav?ya; do?a – ?ar?rika and m?nasika; Introduction to dh?tu, mala, agni and srotas. 9. Introduction to ?ar?ra racan? kriy?; garbha?ar?ra (fetal development) - ?ukra, ?rtava, garbh?dh?na, garbha and m?s?num?sika garbha. 10. Introduction to ?ar?ra pram??a, sa?khy? ?ar?ra, a?ga-pratya?ga-ko??h??ga and ??aya; Introduction to deha prak?ti and m?nasa prak?ti. 11. Introduction to do?a, sapta dh?tu and mala vijñ?na; Definition and types of - asthi, sandhi, sn?yu, pe??, parva and ka??ar?. 12. Definition, types and numbers of srotas, dhaman?, ?ir? and n???; ojas and its importance; Definition of agni and types – ja?har?gni, dh?tv?gni and bh?t?gni; marma - Definition and types. 13. pad?rtha – Definition and types - saptapad?rtha; Definition and types of pram?, prameya, pram?t?, pram??a and pram??a catu??aya. 14. pram??a - Definition and types - ?ptopade?a, pratyak?a, anum?na and yukti pram??a; Origin of dravya, Definition and types - k?ra?a and k?rya dravya. 15. au?adha and ?h?ra dravya, ?yu?ya – an?yu?ya dravya; Basic concept of rasa pañcaka; dravya - n?ma-r?pa-gu?a-karma-yoga-prayoga-sa?yoga vijñ?na. 16. Basic concept, classification, and application gu?a, v?rya and vip?ka; Basic concept of karma and its classification; dravya in accordance with karma and its uses in health and disease. 17. Rasa Shastra and bhai?ajya Kalpana: Origin and Development of rasa ??stra and bhai?ajya kalpan?; rasa - Definition, Types of rasa ?odhana prak?ra and sa?sk?ra; uparasa s?dh?ra?a rasa, ratna, and uparatna, – Definition; Types of ?odhana and m?ra?a. 18. Principles of au?adha nirm??a, j?ra?a, m?ra?a, satvap?tana, nirv?pa and ?v?pa; Basic concept of bhai?ajya kalpan?; rasa??l? - Conventional and Contemporary aspects, Good Collection Practices and Good Manufacturing Practices. 19. Basic Pharmaceutical dosage forms and Secondary dosage forms of ?yurveda; Definition of pu?a, its types and use in various pharmaceutical forms; au?adha sevana k?la and au?adha sevana m?rga. 20. Pharmacopeia: ?yurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (API) - Introduction, development and importance; ?yurvedic Formulary of India (AFI) - Introduction, development and importance; Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 in relation to ASU Drugs and Standardization of ASU drugs; Extra-pharmacopoeial drugs (Anukta dravya) not finding place in Ayurvedic Classics; Knowledge of pharmaco-vigilance in ?yurveda and conventional system of medicine; Pharmacogenomics of active compounds of ?yurveda and multi-omics approach. 21. Disease Biology: Definition of disease, Etiology and Pathology; Congenital and Acquired diseases; Communicable and Non-communicable diseases; Genetic and Epigenetic factors in health and diseases; Autoimmune diseases and Lifestyle disorders; Deficiency and Metabolic diseases; Psychological disorders; Benign tumors and various types of cancers. 22. Microbiology: Historical perspectives of Microbiology, Immunization, Epidemics and Pandemics; Antimicrobial resistance, Immune response by microorganisms, Sterilization and disinfection; Microbial Diversity and Physiology; Gut-Brain axis (GBA) and Microbiome. 23. Microorganisms isolation and characterization, culture media; Environmental microflora, Bio-remediation, Dairy microbiology, Indicator organisms and tests and water borne diseases; Genetic Recombination, Transformation, Conjugation and Transduction. 24. Immunology: Role of RBCs, WBCs, platelets and plasma proteins in immune mechanisms; Biophysics of Immune System, Structure of antigen and antibody molecules, Antigen recognition by T cell and B cells, B-cell receptors, TCR gene rearrangement, antigen presentation and MHC/HLA complex; Antigen antibody reactions, Innate immune cells, Pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP), Pathogen recognition receptors (PRR) and Complement system; Natural and Acquired immunity, cell-mediated immunity and toxicity and cytokines; Immunopathology and autoimmune diseases, transplant rejection and allergy, Immunomodulators; Antibody isolation and purification, ELISA, immunoblotting, immunohistochemistry, immunoprecipitation, immune cell isolation, flow cytometry and Immunotherapy; History of vaccines, attenuated vaccine, heat-killed vaccine, subunit vaccine, recombinant vaccine, DNA vaccine, RNA vaccine, dendritic cell-based vaccine, Virus- Like Particles, adjuvants and their role in vaccine. 25. Genetics and Ayurgenomics: Principles of Inheritance and Variation, Historical Perspectives of Genetics; Human genome and its evolution; Exploring genotype to phenotype correlation, Multi-OMIC and its correlation with do?aprak?ti and medicinal plants. 26. Basics of human genomics, regulatory mechanisms of genetic variation, its role in health, diseases and adaptation including drug response; Population genomics, Disease genomics, Pharmaco-genomics, Nutrigenomics, and scientific approaches and initiatives towards discovery of biomarkers; Approach, limitation and challenges in discovery, development and delivery of P4 and P5 (Predictive, Preventive, Personalized, Participatory and Promotive) medicinal aspects of ?yurveda. 27. Cell and Molecular Biology: Plant and animal cells - Structure and Function; Early evidences and Experiments of DNA as the genetic material, Chemistry of Nucleic acids, Nucleotides, Chargaff’s rule; Watson-Crick model and forms of DNA; types of RNAs, Concept of gene and genome, difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotic genes, C-value paradox, Triplexes, quadruplexes and aptamers. 28. DNA replication-conservative, semi-conservative and dispersive models, DNA replicative enzymes and mechanisms of DNA replication; Types of gene mutations - base substitution, frame shift mutation, insertion, deletion, missense, nonsense, reverse, suppressor and lethal mutations; DNA damage and repair mechanisms; Gene expression and regulation in prokaryotes, structure of prokaryotic gene, structure and functions of RNA polymerase and its subunits; Mechanism of Gene Transcription and Translation, Genetic code, Gene structure, expression and regulation in eukaryotes, RNA polymerases, Post-transcriptional modifications and Operon concept; Basic concepts of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology. 29. Physiology: Fundamentals of human physiology and cellular function; Digestive System – Digestion, Absorption and Metabolism; Respiratory and Circulatory Systems – Breathing and exchange of gases, Body fluids and circulation; Nervous Systems – Central and Autonomic nervous system, Neurophysiology and Cerebrospinal fluids. 30. Excretory and Endocrine Systems – Excretory products and their elimination from the body, acid-base regulation, Endocrine glands and Hormonal functions; Reproductive System – Human reproductive physiology and Embryonic development; Voluntary and Involuntary movements and their coordination. 31. Biochemistry: Concept of atoms and molecules, molecular interactions, stereochemistry and their importance in biological systems; Carbohydrate chemistry and metabolism, Disorders associated with carbohydrate metabolism; Lipid chemistry and metabolism, Disorders associated with lipid metabolism, Lipidomics; Chemistry and metabolism of Proteins and Amino acids, Ramachandran plot, primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure of proteins, Mechanisms and specificity of Enzymes, Coenzymes and Cofactors, Disorders associated with protein and amino acid metabolism, proteomics; Heme synthesis and disorders; Structure, function and metabolisms of nucleic acids, DNA and RNA. 32. Nanotechnology: Physical properties and types of the nanoparticles, Nanoparticles of various basic pharmaceutical forms of ?yurveda and Green nanotechnology; Synthesis of nanomaterials using different methods, Molecular basis of biosynthesis of nanomaterials, assessment of plant, animal and mineral-based drugs for nanomaterials; Characterizations of nanoparticles - transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), fluroscence microscopy, atomic force microscope (AFM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), UV – visible absorption; photoluminescence; Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and dynamic light scattering spectroscopy (DLS); Nanomaterials in bio-sensors and other applications and Interaction of nanomaterials; Molecular basis of nano-formulations. 33. Biodiversity and Environmental Health: Biodiversity of Medicinal plants and animals, Concept and Practices of environmental health, Pathways for synthesis of primary and secondary metabolites and their uses; Pharmacological properties of secondary and active metabolites of medicinal plants used in ?yurveda; Concept of ecosystem, structure, function and types of ecosystem, energy flow in an ecosystem: food chain, food web and ecological succession. 34. Biodiversity and its conservation, Levels of biological diversity, biogeography zones of India, biodiversity patterns and global biodiversity hot spots, India as a megabiodiversity nation; Renewable and non-renewable biological resources and their importance in longevity of life; Degradation of biodiversity, loss of medicinal plants and animal life, and its impact on indigenous knowledge. 35. Intellectual Property Rights (IPR): Concept, meaning and types of Intellectual Property (IP), Origin, nature, philosophy and importance of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR), Current Best Practices (CBP) and legal framework of IPR; Protection of Traditional Knowledge System (TKS), prevention of bio-piracy and bioprospecting, benefits to national economy, conservation of environment, protection of livelihood of TK stake- holders, TKS and innovation in Indian medicine system; Introduction to the Indian patent office and National Biodiversity Authority and their role in the protection of TKS, Different types of IPR protection in India, Indian Legislations – Patents Act of India (1970); Biological Diversity Act (2002), Convention of Biological Diversity (1992), Plant Protection Variety and Farmers Rights Act (2001) and Geographical Indication Act 1999 etc. with respect to TKS; The role of databases and registers in the legal protection of TKS - Traditional Knowledge Digital Library (TKDL) through World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO); WTO, TRIPS, World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO), Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD); FAO; Nagoya Protocol on access and benefit-sharing. 36. Entrepreneurship: Definition of Entrepreneur, Entrepreneurial traits, and Entrepreneur versus Manager, Entrepreneurial decision processes, Ethical, Legal and Socio-cultural responsibilities; Opportunities for Entrepreneurs in relation to food and drugs of Ayurveda for wellness; Innovations and new ideas in ?yurveda R&D, Product planning, development and troubleshooting, Types of ?yurveda industries and manufacturing, and Competitive dynamics between the sub-industries; Entrepreneurship development programs of public and private agencies (MSME, Ministry of Ayush, Make in India), Challenges in ?yurveda industry and decision-making, Patenting and Commercialization strategies; Laboratory to market - strategies and processes of negotiation with financiers, government and regulatory authorities, Pricing strategy, challenges in marketing in ?yurveda business, Distribution channels, supply chain, Analysis and management of customer needs; Business preparation including statutory and legal requirements, business feasibility study, Financial management in capital procurement and cost management, Collaborations and partnership. 37. Research Methodology: Research Methodologies and Bioethics in ?yurveda; Fundamental principles-based research in ?yurveda; Food and drug-based research in Ayurveda; Pre-clinical and Clinical trials - types, protocol designing and data management in accordance with the principles of ?yurveda. 38. Various extraction methods of plant materials, Concept of polarity for extraction and Solvents used for the extraction; Purification of bioactive compounds through various chromatographic methods; Identification of Functional Groups in Phytochemicals. 39. Biostatistics: Average, Mean, Mode, Median; Descriptive statistics, Various Statistical tests of significance and Analysis of variance; Power and sample size calculation and Basic Principles of Statistical Inference; Correlation analysis, Regression analysis and Survival analysis; Genome Mapping Statistics and Bioinformatics; Types of data and its classification, multi-dimensional data, big data, meta data, linear algebraic treatment to data, matrices, eigen values and eigenvectors, and singular value decomposition; Exploratory data analysis, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. 40. Ayurveda-informatics: Chronological Development of ?yurvedic drug manufacturing industries; Government policies and initiatives for the development of ?yurveda as traditional System of Medicine of India for the wellbeing of the world; Ordinance, Rules and Regulations in the manufacturing of quality, safety and efficacy of ?yurvedic drugs for the consumers; Review of important modern works on classical medicinal plants published by Ministry of AYUSH and ICMR, Govt of India; Important organizations of Ayurveda – National Commission for Indian System of Medicine (NCISM), Central Council for Research in ?yurvedic Sciences (CCRAS), ?yurvedic Pharmacopeia commission, National Medicinal Plants Board and Traditional Knowledge Digital Library (TKDL), etc; Research publication portals in ?yurveda and contemporary medical science - DHARA, PubMed, Ayush Research Portal, Bioinformatics Centre and Research Management Informatic System; Use of modern technology to confirm the various fundamental principles, drug research and development for communicable and non-communicable diseases; Health informatics in ?yurveda in present global scenario.
Indian Knowledge System Notes For Assistant Professor Ugc Nta Net Exam
DOWNLOAD
Author : Mocktime Publication
language : en
Publisher: by Mocktime Publication
Release Date : 101-01-01
Indian Knowledge System Notes For Assistant Professor Ugc Nta Net Exam written by Mocktime Publication and has been published by by Mocktime Publication this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 101-01-01 with Study Aids categories.
Syllabus: 1. Caturda?a vidy?sth?na-s: The 14 branches of learning in ancient India, encompassing pur??a, ny?ya, m?m??s?, and dharma??stra, along with introductory information on them and on ??stra-s. 2. The Six Ved??ga-s: ?ik??, vy?kara?a, nirukta, chanda, jyoti?a, and kalpa, including their names, objectives, scientific nature, and some details, covering phonetics and grammar, and the scientific nature of pronunciation of sa?sk?ta and other Indian languages. 3. Veda-s and Pur??a-s: The four Veda-s (?gveda, yajurveda, s?maveda, and atharvaveda) and Upaveda-s with introductory information on them; The 18 pur???sa-s, their names, and the five general characteristics of pur??a-s: sarga, pratisarga, va??a, manvantara, and va???nucarita. 4. Indian Philosophical Systems (Part b Introduction & Dar?ana-s): Introduction to the subject of Indian Philosophical Systems part (b), including texts, authors, and their contribution to Indian preaching on dharma, artha, and Society; N?stika dar?ana: c?rv?ka, jaina, and bauddha dar?ana; ?stika dar?ana: ny?ya-vai???ika, s??khya and y?ga, p?rvam?m??s? and uttaram?m??s? (v?d?nta). 5. Ancient Indian Gurukula System: A study of n?land?, tak?a?il?, vikrama?il?, valabh?, ?dantapur?, mithil?, k?nc?, n?diy?, pu?pagiri, n?g?rjunak????, ??rad?p??ha (k??m?ra), ujjain, jagaddala aura s?mapura. 6. Tarka??stra (Logic and Epistemology): Pram??a-s, including pratyak?a, anumana, upam?na, ?abda, arth?patti, and anupalabdhi; Concepts of pram?t?, pram??a, prameya, and pram?; and the principles of sv?ta?prama?ya and parata? pram??ya. 7. Linguistic Philosophy in Tarka??stra: The powers of words: abhidh?, lak?a??, vyañjan?, t?tparya; Concepts of cause and fallacies: Hetu-lak?a?a and hetvabh?sa lak?a?a; and the Pa?ca adhikara?a System: vi?aya, sa??aya, p?rvapak?a, uttarapak?a, and sa?gati. 8. Dharma, Artha, and Puru??rtha-s: Indian preaching on Dharma, artha and Society; The four puru??rtha-s: dharma, artha, k?ma, and mok?a, with definitions of each; The meaning of dharma, its root and derivation, and definitions and meanings from various texts (mah?bh?rata, manusm?ti, vai?e?ika s?tra). 9. Aspects of Dharma and Artha: Types of dharma: k?mya, nitya, ni?iddha, naimittika, pr?ya?cita & up?san?; The meaning of the word artha as a puru??rtha, its root, derivation, and meaning. 10. Societal Outlook and Well-being: Societal outlook for t?rthay?tr?, festivals, saptapur?, 12 jyotirlinga-s, and the unity of India; Ways as advocated in IKS texts for happiness and wellbeing of all, including the concept of svasthav?tta. 11. Key Texts - Bhagavadg?t?, R?m?ya?a, Mah?bh?rata: Bhagavadg?t? chapter no. 16 on daiv? and ?sur? sa?pat; R?m?ya?a: Rama’s qualities as noted in v?lm?ki r?m?ya?a, mary?d?puru?ottama Rama, and the study of kaccit sarga with delineation of meaning in view of kingdom administration; Mah?bh?rata as a storehouse of knowledge, and viduran?ti with its significant preaching on r?ja dharma. 12. Artha??stra and Statecraft: Artha??stra, its significance, and a broad introduction to subjects dealt in artha??stra; Cultural underpinnings of modern statecraft such as yogak?ema (welfare measures of polity-policy), sapt??ga (Seven limbs of State), ?a?gu?a (Six Measures of statecraft), r?ja dharma (Duty of a King), r?jaman?ala (Circle of kings), and dharma (Order) mooted in the artha??stra. 13. Indian Languages and Literature: Indian Languages and their pronunciation system; Sanskrit Language and its Relation to Indian languages; The impact of Sanskrit literature on Indian languages for literary compositions; Literary masterpieces of Indian languages and their translations into World languages and names of their translators. 14. Measures of Time in Ancient India: Divisions of time in veda: Year, Months and days, Names of the 13 months in Taittir?ya-Br?hma?a, the names of 12 half-months, Lunar year of 354 days, Months and intercalary months; General time measures, Modes of reckoning time: Lunar day, Solar day, Solar year, Lunisolar year, Civil day. 15. Conversion of Eras: The methods for conversion of eras: ?aka to kali, ?aka to Jovian years, vikramasamvat to Kali, and Kollam year to Kali. 16. Indian Calendrical Systems (Pañc??ga): Pañc??ga: The five elements of the calendar and their computations: Nak?atra, Tithi, Yoga, Kara?a and V?ra; Nak?atra of the Sun, Solar Calendar, Vikramasa?vat and ??liv?hana-sa?vat – National Calendar (r???r?ya dinadar?ik?). 17. Planetary Positions from Siddh?ntik Texts: Computation of Aharga?a from ?ryabha??ya, Revolution number of the planets in a Mah?yuga, Finding the Mean longitude of the planets, Mandasa?sk?ra, ??ghrasa?sk?ra, and True longitudes of the planets. 18. Evolution of Planetary Models and Ayan???a: The evolution of Planetary model from ?ryabha?a to N?laka??ha (Quasi-heliocentric model); Various algorithms to determine ayan???a. 19. Planetary Positions from Kara?a and V?kya Texts: Obtaining planetary positions using simplified algorithms given in Kara?a texts such as Kara?akut?hala, Grahal?ghava etc.; Candrav?kyas of Vararuci and M?dhava and Error-Correction procedure for them; Obtaining the longitudes of the Sun and the Moon using the V?kya system; Importance of M?sav?kyas, Sa?kr?nti-v?kyas and Nak?atra-v?kyas. 20. Scope of Indian Health and Well-being Systems: ?yurv?d?, siddha, y?ga, Folk, and Tribal Medical Practices; Folk and classical streams of medical knowledge in India: folk and tribal medicine – 8000 plants, home remedies, primary health care, bone setting, traditional birth attendants, poison healers. 21. ?yurveda - Foundations and Features: Historical development and milestones of ?yurveda, personalities, textual sources, regional traditions; Application of Pram??as in ?yurveda for generation and validation of medical knowledge; Salient features – nature centric approach, person centric approach, body-mind medicine, pharmacopeia of plant, animal, and mineral sources, multi-ingredient formulations and dosage forms, multipronged approach to treatment – lifestyle, diet, and medicine, healthy aging. 22. ?yurveda - Core Concepts and Practices: Foundational concepts of ?yurveda - Do?adh?tumalasiddh?nta; Definition of health (svastha), daily routine (dinacary?), seasonal routine (?tucary?), good conduct (Sadv?tta); Definition and classification of diseases – ?dhidaivika, ?dhyatmika, ?dhibhautika, sevenfold classification; Scope and variety of treatments in ?yurveda; Eight clinical specialties of ?yurveda; Current status of ?yurveda in India and the World. 23. Siddha System of Medicine: Historical development and milestones of Siddha, personalities, textual sources; Foundational concepts – Trido?a; Pulse diagnosis; Varma treatment; Herbo-mineral formulations; Concept of health and disease, Preventive Medicine; Approaches to management of diseases; Current status of the siddha system of medicine in India and the world. 24. Yoga for Health and Wellness: Historical development and milestones of Yoga, personalities, textual sources; Definition of yoga; Yoga as therapy for health and wellness; A????ga yoga; Health benefits of ?sanas; Health benefits of Pr???y?ma; Health benefits of Meditation; Yogic methods of cleansing the body – ?a?karmas; Application of yoga as therapy in the modern world. 25. Early Indian Architecture: Indus Valley civilisation: Urban planning - Dholavira; Hindu Temple Architecture: – elementary concepts of nagara, dravi?a and vesar? style temples; Brief knowledge of Ancient and medieval structures of India: buddh? and jaina temples - udayagiri – s??c? - s?ran?tha –n?land?. 26. Diverse Temple Architectures of India: Rock and Cave temples- el?phai??? - j?ge?var? - aja?t? and ellor?; him?laya? Temples-ked?ran?tha -tu?g?ma?ha –j?ge?vara - b?le?vara; Ancient and medieval temples: mu??e?var? dev? temple- da??vat?ra vi??u temple, ?ogaraha - khajur?ho temples- li?gar?ja temple, bhubane?vara - ?er?ko?? temple, vi??upura- temples of b?d?m?, Aihole (c?luky?na temples)-k??c? and mah?bal?puram temples- c?la temples, Sun temples-k???rka, m??h?r?, ka??ramala (alm???) and m?rta??a (ana?tan?ga) (only the elementary knowledge of architecture style, period and Deity). 27. Water Management and V?stu ??stra: Ancient and medieval Indian Water storage and harvesting systems: - kallana? dam- a?al?ja stepwell, ???k? techniques of Rajasthan - ?h?ra p??na of Bihar; Fundamentals of v?stu ??stra (only elementary concept). 28. Geometry in ?ulbas?tras and Decimal System: Geometry in ?ulbas?tras: expression for the surds given in ?ulbas?tra texts, Methods for obtaining a perpendicular bisector, Construction of perpendicular bisector: cord-folding method, Bodh?yana method of constructing a square, The Bodh?yana-Pythagorean theorem; Decimal place value system: Numbers in veda, enumeration of big numbers (koti to mahaaugh, akshauhini and other named numerals) from traditional literature, Three different systems of numerations: ?ryabha?an, Bh?tasa?khy? and Ka?apay?di systems. 29. Arithmetic, Trigonometry (?ryabha??ya) and Brahmagupta: Arithmetic and Trigonometry in ?ryabha??ya and its further development: Square root and cube-roots, ?ryabha?a’s Sine-Table, Its modification in Tantrasa?graha, M?dhava series for Sine and Cosine functions, Different methods to obtain sine values from Kara?apaddhati; Brahmagupta: Mathematics of positive, negative and zero, Solution of linear and quadratic equations, Cyclic Quadrilateral. 30. L?l?vat? and Ku??aka: L?l?vat?: Arithmetical operations: Inversion method, rule of supposition, Solution of quadratic equations, Mixtures, Combinations, progressions, Plane figures: application of right triangles, S?c? problems, Construction of a quadrilateral, cyclic quadrilaterals, value of ?, area of a circle, surface area of a sphere, volume of a sphere; Ku??aka and continued fractions: Ku??aka method by ?ryabha?a and Brahmagupta, Vallyupasa?h?ra and Continued fraction, Vallyupasa?h?ra Method I and II from Kara?apaddhati, Nearest-integer continued fraction in D?kkara?a. 31. Kerala School of Mathematics: M?dhava series for ?; End-correction (Antyasa?sk?ra); Different fast convergent series for ?, Putumana-Somay?j? series; N?laka??ha on the irrationality of ?; N?laka??ha and the notion of the sum of infinite geometric series. 32. Ancient Indian Chemical Theories: S??khya-P?tañjala system: (Prak?ti – The original constituents and their interactions; conservation of energy and transformation of energy; the doctrine of causation; principle of collocation, storing and liberation of energy; dissipation of energy and mass and their dissolution into formless prak?ti, the evolution of matter; the evolution of infra-atomic unit; chemical analysis and synthesis; elements and compounds); Chemistry in the medical schools of ancient India: Physical characteristics of the Bh?tas, The Mah?bh?t?s, mechanical mixtures, Qualities of compounds; formation of molecular properties in chemical compounds, Chemistry of colors, measures of weight and capacity, size of the minimum visible. 33. Atomic Theories and B?hatsa?hit? Chemistry: Evolution of different forms of matter (Pañc?kara?a) from the Vedantic view; The atomic theory of the Buddhists and Jains; Ny?ya Vaise?ika chemical theory: theory of atomic combinations; chemical combinations, mono and hetero bhautika compounds, theory of dynamic contact (Vi??ambha), chemical action and heat, three axes of V?caspati (graphical representation of the constitution of a bibhautika compound), conception of molecular motion (parispanda); Ideas of chemistry as in B?hatsa?hit?: making of vajr? lepa/vajrasamgh?ta; ga?dhayukti. 34. Metallurgy and Chemical Practices: Metallurgical heritage: Artha??stra as the earliest text describing gold, silver and other metals; processing of gold, silver, copper, iron, tin, mercury, lead and zinc as mentioned in the Indian texts in the ancient and medieval period; Zinc distillation as mentioned in Ras?r?ava and Rasaratnasamuccaya; Concepts of acid and bases in Indian chemistry from organic fruit, vegetable based Acids, plant-ash based bases to mineral acids of the medieval period. 35. Life Sciences Scope and Agro-horticulture: Scope: k?atriya, m?gayurveda, p?ka??stra, pavitra upavana; K??i??stra, v?k??yurveda: Historical development and milestones, personalities, textual sources - upavana vin?da, K??ipar??ara, B?hat Samhit?, K??i G?ta; Recreational Gardens; Agriculture in ancient India; Plant diseases and their management; Pest control, manures for plants, plant grafting techniques. 36. M?g?yurveda and P?ka??stra: M?g?yurveda: Historical development and milestones, personalities, textual sources - P?lak?pyasa?hit?, Gaj?yurveda, ??lihotrasa?hit?, A?v?yurveda, M?gapak?i??stra; Classification and description of animals; Diagnosis and treatment of diseases; P?ka??stra: Historical development and milestones, personalities, textual sources – P?kadarpa?a, Bhojanakut?hala, K?emakut?hala, Pathy?pathyavini?caya; Concept of a balanced diet; Sources and classification of food; Healthy and unhealthy combinations of foods; Healthy and balanced recipes; Methods of cooking; Customizing food according to place, seasons, and constitution of the individual; Eight factors to be considered to create a balanced diet; Right methods of eating; Unhealthy food habits. 37. Sacred Groves, Social Forestry, and Medicinal Plants: Sacred groves: tulas?, sandalwood, ?am?, Ark, pal??a, khadira, devad?ru, Betel nut, Coconut, Banana etc.; About social forestry –benefits from leaves, fruits from plantation – as mentioned in famous texts like n?mba (neem), ?mra, (Mango), Milk-tree-panasa (Jackfruit), a?vatth?, fig or gular, pakar (Ficus lacor) bagar??a; tamarind, kapittha, bilv? ,a?ok? amalaka, punn?ga , ?i??ap? , saptapar?a , saptara?g?, the fruit of planting these plants-general description; ?yurvedika medicine herbs, trees and plants-arjuna, candana (sandalwood), ?am?, ark, pal??a, khadira, devad?ru, ku?aja , ingud?, u??ra -gh?sa, vi?amu??i-general description. 38. Performing Arts - Dance and Drama Foundations: Introduction to bharata muni n??ya??stra & abhinaya darpa?a; Description of navaras?; An account of the eight classical dances of India (bharatan??yam, mohin?a??am, kathakal?, kucipu??, katthaka, o?is?, ma?ipur? and satr?ya); Influence of g?t? govi?d?, The r?m?ya?a and The mah?bh?rata on Indian dance and Indian paintings (madhuban?, pa?acitra, pah???, k??ga??). 39. Music, Folk Arts, and Regional Theatre: Classification of Indian classical music (hi?dust?n? and Carnatic), Major styles associated with hi?dust?n? classical music (dhrupada, khy?la, tar?n?) and Carnatic Music (var?amasa and kri?isa); An overview of the t?la system and laya; Introduction to the term folk, tribal and modern art forms of India; A general overview on the socio-economic background of the practiced folk, tribal, traditional, ritualistic performances (dance, music, storytelling and theater); Introduction to regional theatrical practice- k??iy???ama, yak?ag?n?, chau, j?tr?, laihar?ob?, theyyama, ??kie n?ta, pa??av?n?, ci?d? bhagavat?, bh???a, ja?na and others. 40. Puppetry, UNESCO Recognition, and Musical Evolution: Impact of traditional texts on art forms; Classification of Indian puppetry (ka?aputal?, ?hol? bomlat?, r?va?a ch?y?, tolp?vak?th?), influence of pa?cata?trama on puppetry tradition; An account of the art forms and cultural festivals of India that are represented in the UNESCO’s ICH list and the significance of this nomination process; Application of Ka?apay?di in malakart? r?ga nomenclature; introduction to the evolutionary stages from Catu?da??i to current day concert paddhati in Carnatic music. 41. IKS Influence - Western World (Central Asia & Europe): Influence of sa?sk?ta on ancient European Languages and their Mythologies; Influence of Indian Philosophy on Ancient Greece Thinkers: Socrates, Plato, Plotinus, Porphyry, Neo-Platonism etc.; Trade with Roman Empire and other ancient civilizations; Cultural Influence in Mesopotamia, Sumeria, Kassites, Persia, Yazidis etc. 42. IKS Influence - Eastern World (South East Asia) - Kingdoms and Culture: Various Kingdoms influenced by Indian Culture: Kingdom of m?tarama, pagana Kingdom (849-1297 CE) (Burma), khamera Kingdom (802-1463 CE), rajaha?ate ofsebu, ayutth?ya Kingdom era (1350- 1767), Sri Vijaya Empire (650 – 1377 CE) etc.; Indian Influence on the Geographical Names of South-East Asia; Influence of Indian Temples and Architecture : BAYON TEMPLE in Angkor (Cambodia), PURA BESAKIH (Bali, Indonesia), PRAMBANAN (Indonesia), BATU CAVES (Selangor, Malaysia), VAT PHOU (Champassak, Laos), SRI VEERAMAKALIAMMAN (Singapore), MARIAMMAN TEMPLE (Vietnam) ETC. 43. IKS Influence - Eastern World (South East Asia) - Texts, Language, Deities: Influence of r?m?ya?a and mah?bh?rata on paintings, theater and dance of Southeast Asia; Influence of manu sm?ti on saras?mukk?ya ( the law books of Java and Bali); Influence of Sanskrit and other Indian Languages: Brahmi Script and its impact on languages of Burma, Thai, Laos, Cambodia; Laguna Copperplate (the Philippine Islands), Siddham script in Japan etc.; Influence of Hindu deities:brahma, vi??u, ?iv?, sarasvat?, ga???a, r?ma, garu?, n?g? etc. 44. IKS Global Connections and Modern Influence: Contact Sri Lanka and Africa: Textile, Technology, and Trade : Buddhism in Sri Lanka, Chola’s influence in Sri Lanka, Literature, Jataka Stories, Africa and Indian Textile, Stone Carvers in Africa, Inscriptions from Socotra Island; Cambodia Sanskrit inscriptions; IKS influence on modern western thinkers: Emerson, Whitman and Thoreau, Christopher Isherwood, Aldous Huxley, Joseph Campbell, Alan Watts, William Somerset Maugham, Nicholas Tesla, David Bohm, William James, Beatles, George Harrison, Turiyasangitananda, Carl Sagan, Fritjof Capra, Larry Brilliant, Ram Dass, Daniel Goleman, Patrick Geddes, Dennis Waite, Leonard Bloomfield, Steve Jobs, Mark Zukerberg, Arthur Schopenhauer, Erwin Schrödinger, Ferdinand de Saussure, Noam Chomsky etc. 45. Global Impact of Yoga: The impact of yoga on the World: philosophers who left an impact on the West - Swami Vivekananda, Paramahansa Yogananda, Sri Aurobindo, Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, Acharya Rajneesh, J. Krishnamurti, Swami Sivananda, BKS Iyengar, Sri Krishnamachari; The impact of yoga on diverse fields: influence on Western art, culture and film from the 18th century, influence on Western literature. Self-correction: The user asked for 40 items, but my detailed breakdown of Unit 10 resulted in 45 items. I need to condense Unit 10 back into 3 items to meet the 40-item requirement. Corrected List (Final 3 items for Unit 10, leading to 40 total): 38. IKS Influence in the Western World (Central Asia & Europe) and on Modern Thinkers: Influence of sa?sk?ta on ancient European Languages and their Mythologies; Influence of Indian Philosophy on Ancient Greece Thinkers (Socrates, Plato, Plotinus, Porphyry, Neo-Platonism etc.); Trade with Roman Empire and other ancient civilizations; Cultural Influence in Mesopotamia, Sumeria, Kassites, Persia, Yazidis etc.; IKS influence on modern western thinkers including Emerson, Whitman, Thoreau, Christopher Isherwood, Aldous Huxley, Joseph Campbell, Alan Watts, William Somerset Maugham, Nicholas Tesla, David Bohm, William James, Beatles, George Harrison, Turiyasangitananda, Carl Sagan, Fritjof Capra, Larry Brilliant, Ram Dass, Daniel Goleman, Patrick Geddes, Dennis Waite, Leonard Bloomfield, Steve Jobs, Mark Zukerberg, Arthur Schopenhauer, Erwin Schrödinger, Ferdinand de Saussure, Noam Chomsky etc. 39. IKS Influence in the Eastern World (South East Asia): Various Kingdoms influenced by Indian Culture (Kingdom of m?tarama, pagana Kingdom, khamera Kingdom, rajaha?ate ofsebu, ayutth?ya Kingdom era, Sri Vijaya Empire etc.); Indian Influence on Geographical Names, Temples and Architecture (BAYON TEMPLE, PURA BESAKIH, PRAMBANAN, BATU CAVES, VAT PHOU, SRI VEERAMAKALIAMMAN, MARIAMMAN TEMPLE ETC.); Influence of r?m?ya?a and mah?bh?rata on paintings, theater and dance; Influence of manu sm?ti on saras?mukk?ya; Influence of Sanskrit and Indian Languages (Brahmi Script, Laguna Copperplate, Siddham script); Influence of Hindu deities (brahma, vi??u, ?iv?, sarasvat?, ga???a, r?ma, garu?, n?g? etc.). 40. IKS Global Connections (Sri Lanka, Africa) and Impact of Yoga: Contact with Sri Lanka (Buddhism, Chola’s influence, Literature, Jataka Stories) and Africa (Textile, Technology, Trade, Stone Carvers, Inscriptions from Socotra Island); Cambodia Sanskrit inscriptions; The impact of yoga on the World: philosophers who left an impact on the West (Swami Vivekananda, Paramahansa Yogananda, Sri Aurobindo, Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, Acharya Rajneesh, J. Krishnamurti, Swami Sivananda, BKS Iyengar, Sri Krishnamachari); The impact of yoga on diverse fields: influence on Western art, culture and film from the 18th century, and influence on Western literature.
U G C Net Jrf Set Teaching Research Aptitude General Paper I
DOWNLOAD
Author : Dr. Lal
language : en
Publisher: Upkar Prakashan
Release Date : 2010-09
U G C Net Jrf Set Teaching Research Aptitude General Paper I written by Dr. Lal and has been published by Upkar Prakashan this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-09 with Research aptitude categories.
Chordate Embryology
DOWNLOAD
Author : PS Verma | VK Agarwal
language : en
Publisher: S. Chand Publishing
Release Date : 1975
Chordate Embryology written by PS Verma | VK Agarwal and has been published by S. Chand Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1975 with Science categories.
Product Dimensions: 21x15x3 cm. 10 edition. Contents: CONTENTS:1.Introduction 2.Cellular Basis of Development 3.DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis 4.Male Gonads and Spermatogenesis 5. Female Gonadsand Oogenesis 6.Semination, Ovulation and Transportation of Gametes 7.Reproductive Cycles . Fertilization 8 Parthenogemsis 9 Cleava and Blastulation - Nucleus and Cytoplasm in Development 10 Fate Maps and Cell Lineage, Gastrulation , Neurulation, Morphgenesis and Growth 11 Embryogenesis of a Simple Ascidian - Embryogenesis of Amphioxus 12 Embryogenesis of Frog 13. Detailed Account of Organogenesis of Frog lEmbryogenesis of Chick.14 Early Embryogenesis of Eutherian Mammal 15 Rabbit Placenta and Placentation 16 Gradient Theory lEmbryonic Inductions and Competence 17 Differentiation Asexual Reproduction and Blastogenesis 18 Regeneration 19 Metamorphosis 20Teratogenesis 21 Birth Control 22 Impotency, Sterility, Artificial Insemination, Test-tube Baby and GIFT, Giossary 23 Selected Reading 24 Index.
Biological Diversity Current Status And Conservation Policies
DOWNLOAD
Author : Vinod Kumar
language : en
Publisher: Agro Environ Media, Publication Cell of AESA, Agriculture and Environmental Science Academy,
Release Date : 2021-10-25
Biological Diversity Current Status And Conservation Policies written by Vinod Kumar and has been published by Agro Environ Media, Publication Cell of AESA, Agriculture and Environmental Science Academy, this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-10-25 with Science categories.
The present book has been designed to bind prime knowledge of climate change-induced impacts on various aspects of our environment and its biological diversity. The book also contains updated information, methods and tools for the monitoring and conservation of impacted biological diversity.
Ugc Net Paper I Previous Years Papers Solved
DOWNLOAD
Author : Rph Editorial Board
language : en
Publisher: Ramesh Publishing House
Release Date : 2020-10
Ugc Net Paper I Previous Years Papers Solved written by Rph Editorial Board and has been published by Ramesh Publishing House this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-10 with categories.
This immensely valuable book of Solved Previous Years' Papers is specially published for the aspirants of UGC-NET (Paper-I) of Junior Research Fellowship and Assistant Professor Eligibility Exam. The book comprises several Solved Previous Years' Papers of UGC-NET Paper-I. Explanatory Answers are presented in such a manner to be useful for study and self-practice. The book is aimed to help you prepare well and sharpen your problem-solving skills by practising through numerous questions in these solved papers and face the exam with confidence, successfully.
Ugc Net
DOWNLOAD
Author : Rph Editorial Board
language : en
Publisher: Ramesh Publishing House
Release Date : 2020-10
Ugc Net written by Rph Editorial Board and has been published by Ramesh Publishing House this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-10 with categories.
The present mentoring book has been specially published for the aspirants of UGC-NET Yoga (Paper-II) for Eligibility to JRF and Assistant Professor positions. The book covers all important and relevant Chapters & Topics at appropriate length along with exhaustive exercises Solved by Experts. To enable you to be well-conversant with the exam-pattern, the book is well-equipped with Solved Previous Years' Papers. Intensive Practice of Actual Exam-style Questions & numerous Practice Questions, modelled on Previous Years' Papers, will immensely help you Sharpen your Problem Solving Skills and face the National Eligibility Test Confidently. While the specialised study material of this book is aimed to prepare you for the NET, your due diligence and practice with this, will definitely ensure you success in your pursuit.
DOWNLOAD
Author : ए.बी. सवदी
language : en
Publisher: Nirali Prakashan
Release Date : 2020
written by ए.बी. सवदी and has been published by Nirali Prakashan this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
Phytoremediation Potential Of Bioenergy Plants
DOWNLOAD
Author : Kuldeep Bauddh
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-03-29
Phytoremediation Potential Of Bioenergy Plants written by Kuldeep Bauddh and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-03-29 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The globally escalating population necessitates production of more goods and services to fulfil the expanding demands of human beings which resulted in urbanization and industrialization. Uncontrolled industrialization caused two major problems – energy crisis and accelerated environmental pollution throughout the world. Presently, there are technologies which have been proposed or shown to tackle both the problems. Researchers continue to seek more cost effective and environmentally beneficial pathways for problem solving. Plant kingdom comprises of species which have the potential to resolve the couple problem of pollution and energy. Plants are considered as a potential feedstock for development of renewable energy through biofuels. Another important aspect of plants is their capacity to sequester carbon dioxide and absorb, degrade, and stabilize environmental pollutants such as heavy metals, poly-aromatic hydrocarbons, poly-aromatic biphenyls, radioactive materials, and other chemicals. Thus, plants may be used to provide renewable energy generation and pollution mitigation. An approach that could amalgamate the two aspects can be achieved through phytoremediation (using plants to clean up polluted soil and water), and subsequent generation of energy from the phyto-remediator plants. This would be a major advance in achieving sustainability that focuses on optimizing ‘people’ (social issues), ‘planet’ (environmental issues), and ‘profit’ (financial issues). The “Phytoremediation-Cellulosic Biofuels” (PCB) process will be socially beneficial through reducing pollution impacts on people, ecologically beneficial through pollution abatement, and economically viable through providing revenue that supplies an energy source that is renewable and also provides less dependence on importing foreign energy (energy-independence). The utilization of green plants for pollution remediation and energy production will also tackle some other important global concerns like global climate change, ocean acidification, and land degradation through carbon sequestration, reduced emissions of other greenhouse gases, restoration of degraded lands and waters, and more. This book addresses the overall potential of major plants that have the potential to fulfil the dual purposes of phytoremediation and energy generation. The non-edible bioenergy plants that are explored for this dual objective include Jatropha curcas, Ricinus communis, Leucaena leucocephalla, Milletia pinnata, Canabis sativa, Azadirachta indica, and Acacia nilotica. The book addresses all possible aspects of phyto-remediaton and energy generation in a holistic way. The contributors are one of most authoritative experts in the field and have covered and compiled the best content most comprehensively. The book is going to be extremely useful for researchers in the area, research students, academicians and also for policy makers for an inclusive understanding and assessment of potential in plant kingdom to solve the dual problem of energy and pollution.
Physics Simplified Ncert Class 12
DOWNLOAD
Author : Ms. Ekta Soni
language : en
Publisher: Arihant Publications India limited
Release Date : 2021-11-09
Physics Simplified Ncert Class 12 written by Ms. Ekta Soni and has been published by Arihant Publications India limited this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-11-09 with Education categories.
1. This book help student to understand the theories and experiments of physics 2. The book is divided into 14 chapters for class 12th 3. Easy and interactive language eases the concepts for better understanding 4. Reference book that grasps all key points and concepts into a simpler manner, clearing all concepts. 5. The latest edition has been made to attain the entire physics concept in an easy and interactive language. 6. The book is developed volume wise to cater class wise needs. Competitive exams have been the new approach to life, for all students. Every good college is attainable through a National or Regional Level exam. NCERT Textbooks have become the benchmark for syllabus and theory for these exams. Every student needs to learn these textbooks by heart. But it’s always compact and feels short. Simplified NCERT from Arihant is one of a kind reference book that helps the student to grasp all key points and concepts in a simple manner which is easy to retain yet clearing all concepts. Physics as a subject needs visualization to learn, the latest edition has been made in such a way that you can attain the entire Physics concept in an easy and interactive language. The book is developed volume-wise to cater to class-wise needs. TABLE OF CONTENT Electric Charges and Fields, Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance, Current Electricity, Moving Charges and Magnetism, Magnetism and Matter, Electromagnetic Induction, Alternating Current, Electromagnetic Waves, Ray Optics and Optical Instruments, Waves Optics, Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter, Atoms, Nuclei, Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits.