Indian Knowledge System Notes For Assistant Professor Ugc Nta Net Exam

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Indian Knowledge System Notes For Assistant Professor Ugc Nta Net Exam

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Author : Mocktime Publication
language : en
Publisher: by Mocktime Publication
Release Date : 101-01-01

Indian Knowledge System Notes For Assistant Professor Ugc Nta Net Exam written by Mocktime Publication and has been published by by Mocktime Publication this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 101-01-01 with Study Aids categories.

Syllabus: 1. Caturda?a vidy?sth?na-s: The 14 branches of learning in ancient India, encompassing pur??a, ny?ya, m?m??s?, and dharma??stra, along with introductory information on them and on ??stra-s. 2. The Six Ved??ga-s: ?ik??, vy?kara?a, nirukta, chanda, jyoti?a, and kalpa, including their names, objectives, scientific nature, and some details, covering phonetics and grammar, and the scientific nature of pronunciation of sa?sk?ta and other Indian languages. 3. Veda-s and Pur??a-s: The four Veda-s (?gveda, yajurveda, s?maveda, and atharvaveda) and Upaveda-s with introductory information on them; The 18 pur???sa-s, their names, and the five general characteristics of pur??a-s: sarga, pratisarga, va??a, manvantara, and va???nucarita. 4. Indian Philosophical Systems (Part b Introduction & Dar?ana-s): Introduction to the subject of Indian Philosophical Systems part (b), including texts, authors, and their contribution to Indian preaching on dharma, artha, and Society; N?stika dar?ana: c?rv?ka, jaina, and bauddha dar?ana; ?stika dar?ana: ny?ya-vai???ika, s??khya and y?ga, p?rvam?m??s? and uttaram?m??s? (v?d?nta). 5. Ancient Indian Gurukula System: A study of n?land?, tak?a?il?, vikrama?il?, valabh?, ?dantapur?, mithil?, k?nc?, n?diy?, pu?pagiri, n?g?rjunak????, ??rad?p??ha (k??m?ra), ujjain, jagaddala aura s?mapura. 6. Tarka??stra (Logic and Epistemology): Pram??a-s, including pratyak?a, anumana, upam?na, ?abda, arth?patti, and anupalabdhi; Concepts of pram?t?, pram??a, prameya, and pram?; and the principles of sv?ta?prama?ya and parata? pram??ya. 7. Linguistic Philosophy in Tarka??stra: The powers of words: abhidh?, lak?a??, vyañjan?, t?tparya; Concepts of cause and fallacies: Hetu-lak?a?a and hetvabh?sa lak?a?a; and the Pa?ca adhikara?a System: vi?aya, sa??aya, p?rvapak?a, uttarapak?a, and sa?gati. 8. Dharma, Artha, and Puru??rtha-s: Indian preaching on Dharma, artha and Society; The four puru??rtha-s: dharma, artha, k?ma, and mok?a, with definitions of each; The meaning of dharma, its root and derivation, and definitions and meanings from various texts (mah?bh?rata, manusm?ti, vai?e?ika s?tra). 9. Aspects of Dharma and Artha: Types of dharma: k?mya, nitya, ni?iddha, naimittika, pr?ya?cita & up?san?; The meaning of the word artha as a puru??rtha, its root, derivation, and meaning. 10. Societal Outlook and Well-being: Societal outlook for t?rthay?tr?, festivals, saptapur?, 12 jyotirlinga-s, and the unity of India; Ways as advocated in IKS texts for happiness and wellbeing of all, including the concept of svasthav?tta. 11. Key Texts - Bhagavadg?t?, R?m?ya?a, Mah?bh?rata: Bhagavadg?t? chapter no. 16 on daiv? and ?sur? sa?pat; R?m?ya?a: Rama’s qualities as noted in v?lm?ki r?m?ya?a, mary?d?puru?ottama Rama, and the study of kaccit sarga with delineation of meaning in view of kingdom administration; Mah?bh?rata as a storehouse of knowledge, and viduran?ti with its significant preaching on r?ja dharma. 12. Artha??stra and Statecraft: Artha??stra, its significance, and a broad introduction to subjects dealt in artha??stra; Cultural underpinnings of modern statecraft such as yogak?ema (welfare measures of polity-policy), sapt??ga (Seven limbs of State), ?a?gu?a (Six Measures of statecraft), r?ja dharma (Duty of a King), r?jaman?ala (Circle of kings), and dharma (Order) mooted in the artha??stra. 13. Indian Languages and Literature: Indian Languages and their pronunciation system; Sanskrit Language and its Relation to Indian languages; The impact of Sanskrit literature on Indian languages for literary compositions; Literary masterpieces of Indian languages and their translations into World languages and names of their translators. 14. Measures of Time in Ancient India: Divisions of time in veda: Year, Months and days, Names of the 13 months in Taittir?ya-Br?hma?a, the names of 12 half-months, Lunar year of 354 days, Months and intercalary months; General time measures, Modes of reckoning time: Lunar day, Solar day, Solar year, Lunisolar year, Civil day. 15. Conversion of Eras: The methods for conversion of eras: ?aka to kali, ?aka to Jovian years, vikramasamvat to Kali, and Kollam year to Kali. 16. Indian Calendrical Systems (Pañc??ga): Pañc??ga: The five elements of the calendar and their computations: Nak?atra, Tithi, Yoga, Kara?a and V?ra; Nak?atra of the Sun, Solar Calendar, Vikramasa?vat and ??liv?hana-sa?vat – National Calendar (r???r?ya dinadar?ik?). 17. Planetary Positions from Siddh?ntik Texts: Computation of Aharga?a from ?ryabha??ya, Revolution number of the planets in a Mah?yuga, Finding the Mean longitude of the planets, Mandasa?sk?ra, ??ghrasa?sk?ra, and True longitudes of the planets. 18. Evolution of Planetary Models and Ayan???a: The evolution of Planetary model from ?ryabha?a to N?laka??ha (Quasi-heliocentric model); Various algorithms to determine ayan???a. 19. Planetary Positions from Kara?a and V?kya Texts: Obtaining planetary positions using simplified algorithms given in Kara?a texts such as Kara?akut?hala, Grahal?ghava etc.; Candrav?kyas of Vararuci and M?dhava and Error-Correction procedure for them; Obtaining the longitudes of the Sun and the Moon using the V?kya system; Importance of M?sav?kyas, Sa?kr?nti-v?kyas and Nak?atra-v?kyas. 20. Scope of Indian Health and Well-being Systems: ?yurv?d?, siddha, y?ga, Folk, and Tribal Medical Practices; Folk and classical streams of medical knowledge in India: folk and tribal medicine – 8000 plants, home remedies, primary health care, bone setting, traditional birth attendants, poison healers. 21. ?yurveda - Foundations and Features: Historical development and milestones of ?yurveda, personalities, textual sources, regional traditions; Application of Pram??as in ?yurveda for generation and validation of medical knowledge; Salient features – nature centric approach, person centric approach, body-mind medicine, pharmacopeia of plant, animal, and mineral sources, multi-ingredient formulations and dosage forms, multipronged approach to treatment – lifestyle, diet, and medicine, healthy aging. 22. ?yurveda - Core Concepts and Practices: Foundational concepts of ?yurveda - Do?adh?tumalasiddh?nta; Definition of health (svastha), daily routine (dinacary?), seasonal routine (?tucary?), good conduct (Sadv?tta); Definition and classification of diseases – ?dhidaivika, ?dhyatmika, ?dhibhautika, sevenfold classification; Scope and variety of treatments in ?yurveda; Eight clinical specialties of ?yurveda; Current status of ?yurveda in India and the World. 23. Siddha System of Medicine: Historical development and milestones of Siddha, personalities, textual sources; Foundational concepts – Trido?a; Pulse diagnosis; Varma treatment; Herbo-mineral formulations; Concept of health and disease, Preventive Medicine; Approaches to management of diseases; Current status of the siddha system of medicine in India and the world. 24. Yoga for Health and Wellness: Historical development and milestones of Yoga, personalities, textual sources; Definition of yoga; Yoga as therapy for health and wellness; A????ga yoga; Health benefits of ?sanas; Health benefits of Pr???y?ma; Health benefits of Meditation; Yogic methods of cleansing the body – ?a?karmas; Application of yoga as therapy in the modern world. 25. Early Indian Architecture: Indus Valley civilisation: Urban planning - Dholavira; Hindu Temple Architecture: – elementary concepts of nagara, dravi?a and vesar? style temples; Brief knowledge of Ancient and medieval structures of India: buddh? and jaina temples - udayagiri – s??c? - s?ran?tha –n?land?. 26. Diverse Temple Architectures of India: Rock and Cave temples- el?phai??? - j?ge?var? - aja?t? and ellor?; him?laya? Temples-ked?ran?tha -tu?g?ma?ha –j?ge?vara - b?le?vara; Ancient and medieval temples: mu??e?var? dev? temple- da??vat?ra vi??u temple, ?ogaraha - khajur?ho temples- li?gar?ja temple, bhubane?vara - ?er?ko?? temple, vi??upura- temples of b?d?m?, Aihole (c?luky?na temples)-k??c? and mah?bal?puram temples- c?la temples, Sun temples-k???rka, m??h?r?, ka??ramala (alm???) and m?rta??a (ana?tan?ga) (only the elementary knowledge of architecture style, period and Deity). 27. Water Management and V?stu ??stra: Ancient and medieval Indian Water storage and harvesting systems: - kallana? dam- a?al?ja stepwell, ???k? techniques of Rajasthan - ?h?ra p??na of Bihar; Fundamentals of v?stu ??stra (only elementary concept). 28. Geometry in ?ulbas?tras and Decimal System: Geometry in ?ulbas?tras: expression for the surds given in ?ulbas?tra texts, Methods for obtaining a perpendicular bisector, Construction of perpendicular bisector: cord-folding method, Bodh?yana method of constructing a square, The Bodh?yana-Pythagorean theorem; Decimal place value system: Numbers in veda, enumeration of big numbers (koti to mahaaugh, akshauhini and other named numerals) from traditional literature, Three different systems of numerations: ?ryabha?an, Bh?tasa?khy? and Ka?apay?di systems. 29. Arithmetic, Trigonometry (?ryabha??ya) and Brahmagupta: Arithmetic and Trigonometry in ?ryabha??ya and its further development: Square root and cube-roots, ?ryabha?a’s Sine-Table, Its modification in Tantrasa?graha, M?dhava series for Sine and Cosine functions, Different methods to obtain sine values from Kara?apaddhati; Brahmagupta: Mathematics of positive, negative and zero, Solution of linear and quadratic equations, Cyclic Quadrilateral. 30. L?l?vat? and Ku??aka: L?l?vat?: Arithmetical operations: Inversion method, rule of supposition, Solution of quadratic equations, Mixtures, Combinations, progressions, Plane figures: application of right triangles, S?c? problems, Construction of a quadrilateral, cyclic quadrilaterals, value of ?, area of a circle, surface area of a sphere, volume of a sphere; Ku??aka and continued fractions: Ku??aka method by ?ryabha?a and Brahmagupta, Vallyupasa?h?ra and Continued fraction, Vallyupasa?h?ra Method I and II from Kara?apaddhati, Nearest-integer continued fraction in D?kkara?a. 31. Kerala School of Mathematics: M?dhava series for ?; End-correction (Antyasa?sk?ra); Different fast convergent series for ?, Putumana-Somay?j? series; N?laka??ha on the irrationality of ?; N?laka??ha and the notion of the sum of infinite geometric series. 32. Ancient Indian Chemical Theories: S??khya-P?tañjala system: (Prak?ti – The original constituents and their interactions; conservation of energy and transformation of energy; the doctrine of causation; principle of collocation, storing and liberation of energy; dissipation of energy and mass and their dissolution into formless prak?ti, the evolution of matter; the evolution of infra-atomic unit; chemical analysis and synthesis; elements and compounds); Chemistry in the medical schools of ancient India: Physical characteristics of the Bh?tas, The Mah?bh?t?s, mechanical mixtures, Qualities of compounds; formation of molecular properties in chemical compounds, Chemistry of colors, measures of weight and capacity, size of the minimum visible. 33. Atomic Theories and B?hatsa?hit? Chemistry: Evolution of different forms of matter (Pañc?kara?a) from the Vedantic view; The atomic theory of the Buddhists and Jains; Ny?ya Vaise?ika chemical theory: theory of atomic combinations; chemical combinations, mono and hetero bhautika compounds, theory of dynamic contact (Vi??ambha), chemical action and heat, three axes of V?caspati (graphical representation of the constitution of a bibhautika compound), conception of molecular motion (parispanda); Ideas of chemistry as in B?hatsa?hit?: making of vajr? lepa/vajrasamgh?ta; ga?dhayukti. 34. Metallurgy and Chemical Practices: Metallurgical heritage: Artha??stra as the earliest text describing gold, silver and other metals; processing of gold, silver, copper, iron, tin, mercury, lead and zinc as mentioned in the Indian texts in the ancient and medieval period; Zinc distillation as mentioned in Ras?r?ava and Rasaratnasamuccaya; Concepts of acid and bases in Indian chemistry from organic fruit, vegetable based Acids, plant-ash based bases to mineral acids of the medieval period. 35. Life Sciences Scope and Agro-horticulture: Scope: k?atriya, m?gayurveda, p?ka??stra, pavitra upavana; K??i??stra, v?k??yurveda: Historical development and milestones, personalities, textual sources - upavana vin?da, K??ipar??ara, B?hat Samhit?, K??i G?ta; Recreational Gardens; Agriculture in ancient India; Plant diseases and their management; Pest control, manures for plants, plant grafting techniques. 36. M?g?yurveda and P?ka??stra: M?g?yurveda: Historical development and milestones, personalities, textual sources - P?lak?pyasa?hit?, Gaj?yurveda, ??lihotrasa?hit?, A?v?yurveda, M?gapak?i??stra; Classification and description of animals; Diagnosis and treatment of diseases; P?ka??stra: Historical development and milestones, personalities, textual sources – P?kadarpa?a, Bhojanakut?hala, K?emakut?hala, Pathy?pathyavini?caya; Concept of a balanced diet; Sources and classification of food; Healthy and unhealthy combinations of foods; Healthy and balanced recipes; Methods of cooking; Customizing food according to place, seasons, and constitution of the individual; Eight factors to be considered to create a balanced diet; Right methods of eating; Unhealthy food habits. 37. Sacred Groves, Social Forestry, and Medicinal Plants: Sacred groves: tulas?, sandalwood, ?am?, Ark, pal??a, khadira, devad?ru, Betel nut, Coconut, Banana etc.; About social forestry –benefits from leaves, fruits from plantation – as mentioned in famous texts like n?mba (neem), ?mra, (Mango), Milk-tree-panasa (Jackfruit), a?vatth?, fig or gular, pakar (Ficus lacor) bagar??a; tamarind, kapittha, bilv? ,a?ok? amalaka, punn?ga , ?i??ap? , saptapar?a , saptara?g?, the fruit of planting these plants-general description; ?yurvedika medicine herbs, trees and plants-arjuna, candana (sandalwood), ?am?, ark, pal??a, khadira, devad?ru, ku?aja , ingud?, u??ra -gh?sa, vi?amu??i-general description. 38. Performing Arts - Dance and Drama Foundations: Introduction to bharata muni n??ya??stra & abhinaya darpa?a; Description of navaras?; An account of the eight classical dances of India (bharatan??yam, mohin?a??am, kathakal?, kucipu??, katthaka, o?is?, ma?ipur? and satr?ya); Influence of g?t? govi?d?, The r?m?ya?a and The mah?bh?rata on Indian dance and Indian paintings (madhuban?, pa?acitra, pah???, k??ga??). 39. Music, Folk Arts, and Regional Theatre: Classification of Indian classical music (hi?dust?n? and Carnatic), Major styles associated with hi?dust?n? classical music (dhrupada, khy?la, tar?n?) and Carnatic Music (var?amasa and kri?isa); An overview of the t?la system and laya; Introduction to the term folk, tribal and modern art forms of India; A general overview on the socio-economic background of the practiced folk, tribal, traditional, ritualistic performances (dance, music, storytelling and theater); Introduction to regional theatrical practice- k??iy???ama, yak?ag?n?, chau, j?tr?, laihar?ob?, theyyama, ??kie n?ta, pa??av?n?, ci?d? bhagavat?, bh???a, ja?na and others. 40. Puppetry, UNESCO Recognition, and Musical Evolution: Impact of traditional texts on art forms; Classification of Indian puppetry (ka?aputal?, ?hol? bomlat?, r?va?a ch?y?, tolp?vak?th?), influence of pa?cata?trama on puppetry tradition; An account of the art forms and cultural festivals of India that are represented in the UNESCO’s ICH list and the significance of this nomination process; Application of Ka?apay?di in malakart? r?ga nomenclature; introduction to the evolutionary stages from Catu?da??i to current day concert paddhati in Carnatic music. 41. IKS Influence - Western World (Central Asia & Europe): Influence of sa?sk?ta on ancient European Languages and their Mythologies; Influence of Indian Philosophy on Ancient Greece Thinkers: Socrates, Plato, Plotinus, Porphyry, Neo-Platonism etc.; Trade with Roman Empire and other ancient civilizations; Cultural Influence in Mesopotamia, Sumeria, Kassites, Persia, Yazidis etc. 42. IKS Influence - Eastern World (South East Asia) - Kingdoms and Culture: Various Kingdoms influenced by Indian Culture: Kingdom of m?tarama, pagana Kingdom (849-1297 CE) (Burma), khamera Kingdom (802-1463 CE), rajaha?ate ofsebu, ayutth?ya Kingdom era (1350- 1767), Sri Vijaya Empire (650 – 1377 CE) etc.; Indian Influence on the Geographical Names of South-East Asia; Influence of Indian Temples and Architecture : BAYON TEMPLE in Angkor (Cambodia), PURA BESAKIH (Bali, Indonesia), PRAMBANAN (Indonesia), BATU CAVES (Selangor, Malaysia), VAT PHOU (Champassak, Laos), SRI VEERAMAKALIAMMAN (Singapore), MARIAMMAN TEMPLE (Vietnam) ETC. 43. IKS Influence - Eastern World (South East Asia) - Texts, Language, Deities: Influence of r?m?ya?a and mah?bh?rata on paintings, theater and dance of Southeast Asia; Influence of manu sm?ti on saras?mukk?ya ( the law books of Java and Bali); Influence of Sanskrit and other Indian Languages: Brahmi Script and its impact on languages of Burma, Thai, Laos, Cambodia; Laguna Copperplate (the Philippine Islands), Siddham script in Japan etc.; Influence of Hindu deities:brahma, vi??u, ?iv?, sarasvat?, ga???a, r?ma, garu?, n?g? etc. 44. IKS Global Connections and Modern Influence: Contact Sri Lanka and Africa: Textile, Technology, and Trade : Buddhism in Sri Lanka, Chola’s influence in Sri Lanka, Literature, Jataka Stories, Africa and Indian Textile, Stone Carvers in Africa, Inscriptions from Socotra Island; Cambodia Sanskrit inscriptions; IKS influence on modern western thinkers: Emerson, Whitman and Thoreau, Christopher Isherwood, Aldous Huxley, Joseph Campbell, Alan Watts, William Somerset Maugham, Nicholas Tesla, David Bohm, William James, Beatles, George Harrison, Turiyasangitananda, Carl Sagan, Fritjof Capra, Larry Brilliant, Ram Dass, Daniel Goleman, Patrick Geddes, Dennis Waite, Leonard Bloomfield, Steve Jobs, Mark Zukerberg, Arthur Schopenhauer, Erwin Schrödinger, Ferdinand de Saussure, Noam Chomsky etc. 45. Global Impact of Yoga: The impact of yoga on the World: philosophers who left an impact on the West - Swami Vivekananda, Paramahansa Yogananda, Sri Aurobindo, Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, Acharya Rajneesh, J. Krishnamurti, Swami Sivananda, BKS Iyengar, Sri Krishnamachari; The impact of yoga on diverse fields: influence on Western art, culture and film from the 18th century, influence on Western literature. Self-correction: The user asked for 40 items, but my detailed breakdown of Unit 10 resulted in 45 items. I need to condense Unit 10 back into 3 items to meet the 40-item requirement. Corrected List (Final 3 items for Unit 10, leading to 40 total): 38. IKS Influence in the Western World (Central Asia & Europe) and on Modern Thinkers: Influence of sa?sk?ta on ancient European Languages and their Mythologies; Influence of Indian Philosophy on Ancient Greece Thinkers (Socrates, Plato, Plotinus, Porphyry, Neo-Platonism etc.); Trade with Roman Empire and other ancient civilizations; Cultural Influence in Mesopotamia, Sumeria, Kassites, Persia, Yazidis etc.; IKS influence on modern western thinkers including Emerson, Whitman, Thoreau, Christopher Isherwood, Aldous Huxley, Joseph Campbell, Alan Watts, William Somerset Maugham, Nicholas Tesla, David Bohm, William James, Beatles, George Harrison, Turiyasangitananda, Carl Sagan, Fritjof Capra, Larry Brilliant, Ram Dass, Daniel Goleman, Patrick Geddes, Dennis Waite, Leonard Bloomfield, Steve Jobs, Mark Zukerberg, Arthur Schopenhauer, Erwin Schrödinger, Ferdinand de Saussure, Noam Chomsky etc. 39. IKS Influence in the Eastern World (South East Asia): Various Kingdoms influenced by Indian Culture (Kingdom of m?tarama, pagana Kingdom, khamera Kingdom, rajaha?ate ofsebu, ayutth?ya Kingdom era, Sri Vijaya Empire etc.); Indian Influence on Geographical Names, Temples and Architecture (BAYON TEMPLE, PURA BESAKIH, PRAMBANAN, BATU CAVES, VAT PHOU, SRI VEERAMAKALIAMMAN, MARIAMMAN TEMPLE ETC.); Influence of r?m?ya?a and mah?bh?rata on paintings, theater and dance; Influence of manu sm?ti on saras?mukk?ya; Influence of Sanskrit and Indian Languages (Brahmi Script, Laguna Copperplate, Siddham script); Influence of Hindu deities (brahma, vi??u, ?iv?, sarasvat?, ga???a, r?ma, garu?, n?g? etc.). 40. IKS Global Connections (Sri Lanka, Africa) and Impact of Yoga: Contact with Sri Lanka (Buddhism, Chola’s influence, Literature, Jataka Stories) and Africa (Textile, Technology, Trade, Stone Carvers, Inscriptions from Socotra Island); Cambodia Sanskrit inscriptions; The impact of yoga on the World: philosophers who left an impact on the West (Swami Vivekananda, Paramahansa Yogananda, Sri Aurobindo, Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, Acharya Rajneesh, J. Krishnamurti, Swami Sivananda, BKS Iyengar, Sri Krishnamachari); The impact of yoga on diverse fields: influence on Western art, culture and film from the 18th century, and influence on Western literature.

Disaster Management Notes For Assistant Professor Ugc Nta Net Exam

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Author : Mocktime Publication
language : en
Publisher: by Mocktime Publication
Release Date : 101-01-01

Disaster Management Notes For Assistant Professor Ugc Nta Net Exam written by Mocktime Publication and has been published by by Mocktime Publication this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 101-01-01 with Study Aids categories.

Syllabus: 1. Introduction to Disaster Management (DM): Key Terms, Definitions, Concepts (Hazard, Risk, Vulnerability, Exposure, Coping Capacity, Resilience, Conflict, Emergencies, and related terms); Disaster Cycle Phases; Applications of different concepts related to disaster; and Methods of Hazard, Vulnerability, and Capacity Assessment (HVCA). 2. Natural Hazards: Detailed Classification of Disaster, History of Disasters, Types of Natural Hazards (Earthquakes, Volcanism, Cyclones, Tsunamis, Floods, Droughts, Famines, Landslides, Avalanches, Glacial Lake Outburst Flood); Characteristics, Causes, and Damage Potential of different natural hazards. 3. Human-Induced Disasters, Vulnerability, and Risk Assessment: Classification of Man-made Disasters (Socio-Technical, Technological, Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear Disasters); Basics of Vulnerability and Risk Assessment and Management, Concepts of Exposure, Sensitivity, and Adaptive Capacity, Analysis of Inherent and Chronic Vulnerabilities, Disaster Risk and its Associated Parameters, Disaster Risk Mitigation Measures, Early Warning Systems, and Common Alert Protocols (CAP). 4. Disaster Management in India: Hazard and Vulnerability Profile of India; Regional Aspects of Hazard, Risk, and Vulnerability; Emerging Paradigms and Recent Developments in Disaster Management. 5. Research - Meaning and Concepts: Definitions; Sources of Knowledge, History of Scientific Thought, Paradigm of Research; Theoretical Framework of Research; Types of Research (Social, Applied, Action, Participatory Research); Formulating Research Problem; Literature Review (Sources, Importance, Critical Literature Review, Identifying Gap Areas); Hypothesis (Different Types, Significance, Development of Working Hypothesis, Directional and Non-Directional Hypothesis); Validity & Reliability. 6. Research Design, Data Collection, Analysis, and Methods: Research Design (Basic Principles, Need, Features of Good Design, Important Concepts); Laws and Theories; Research Approaches; Developing a Research Plan; Determining Experimental and Sample Designs; Types of Research Methods; Methods, Sources, or Tools for Data Collection; Construction of Questionnaire, Interview Schedule, and Interview Guide; Sampling (Concepts, Types, Techniques); Variables; Data Processing; Data Analysis and Statistics; Methods of Hypothesis Testing; Type of Errors; Generalization and Interpretation of Data. 7. Ethical Considerations in Research: Ethical Issues in Research; Identifying and Avoiding Bias; Academic Integrity and Prevention of Plagiarism; Guidelines in Research; Informed Consent; Privacy Concerns. 8. Disaster Research: Definitions and Concepts; Methodology and Methods of Transdisciplinary Research; Methods in Contemporary Disaster Research; Research Methods in Disaster and Humanitarian Settings (Qualitative, Quantitative, Mixed); Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches to Risk Assessment and Risk Reduction; Approaches to Qualitative Research (Narrative, Phenomenology, Grounded Theory, Ethnography, Autobiography, Case Study, Ethnomethodology); Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR); Research Methods for Health Emergency and Disaster Risk Management (Health-EDRM), Natural and Environmental Disasters, Computational Methods, Geographical Methods; Disaster Reconnaissance; Ethics and Ethical Dilemmas in Disasters. 9. Legal Framework Related to Disasters in India: Disaster Management Act, 2005; Other Related Acts, Policies, Plans, Programmes, and Legislations. 10. International Legal Framework Related to Disasters: Major International Legal Instruments Dealing Specifically with Disasters; Sendai Framework for DRR 2015-2030; Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015; Yokohama Strategy; Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR). 11. Policies Related to Disasters and Institutional Arrangements: National Policy on Disaster Management 2009; National Disaster Management Plan 2019; State Disaster Management Plans (SDMPs); District Disaster Management Plans (DDMPs); Institutional Arrangements in DM: National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), State Disaster Management Authority (SDMA), District Disaster Management Authority (DDMA), National Disaster Response Force (NDRF). 12. Disaster Financial Management: Disaster Financial Management Team Composition; Cash Flow Management, Debt Monitoring, Risk Avoidance; Disaster Assessment and Expense Reimbursement (Pertaining to Damage, Emergency Protective Measures); Project and Portfolio Management (Performing Financial Analysis, Maintaining Accurate Financial Records/Documents for Audits); Supply Chain Management; Knowledge of Procurement and Contracting Practices; Disaster Financial Management Activities; Disaster Financial Accounting Systems and Management Processes; Disaster Financial Assistance Programs; Financial Management for Humanitarian Response; Disaster Mitigation Fund and Disaster Response Fund at Central and State Levels. 13. Disaster Challenges of Vulnerable Populations: Dimensions and Factors Affecting Vulnerabilities; Differential Vulnerability of People Based on Caste, Class, Gender, Age, Location, Disability, Religion, etc.; Disaster Challenges Due to Multiple Vulnerabilities; Cascading Vulnerabilities and Impacts; Intersectionality, Vulnerability, and Resilience. 14. Specific Vulnerable Groups in Disasters - Gender, Children, and Elderly: Understanding Sex, Gender, and Gendered Vulnerability; Gender Differentials in Disaster Cycle, Coping Strategies, and Resilience; Gender-Inclusive and Gender-Sensitive DM Best Practices; Women, Work, and Livelihood Issues; Basic Concepts in Child-Centered DRR, Vulnerability of Children, Children in Disaster Cycle, Coping/Resilience, Child-Inclusive/Sensitive DM Best Practices; Basic Concepts of DRR for Elderly Population, Vulnerability of Elderly, Older People in Disaster Cycle, Coping/Resilience, Elderly-Inclusive/Sensitive DM Best Practices. 15. Disability and Disasters: Basic Concepts and Terminologies (Impairment, Disability, Handicap); Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD); Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act (2016); Types and Models of Disability; Vulnerability of Persons with Disabilities (PwD); Differential Impact of Disasters on PwD; Disability Issues in Disaster Cycle; Coping Strategies and Resilience of PwD; Disability Inclusive DRR (Approaches, Identifying PwD, VCA/Early Warning Systems, Search/Rescue/Evacuation, Shelter Management, Accessibility Guidelines, IEC Material, Rehabilitation); Disability-Sensitive DM Best Practices; Disaster/Emergency Frameworks and Disability References; Disability Frameworks and Disaster References. 16. Development and Disasters: Sustainable Development; Impact of Development Projects (Dams, Embankments, Changes in Land-Use etc.); Vulnerability to Shanty Settlements; Vulnerability in the City, Risk in Urban Areas, Issues in Urban Planning, Initiatives for Risk Reduction in India; Disaster Resilient Infrastructure. 17. Indian Knowledge Systems, Economic Aspects, Poverty, and Livelihoods in Disasters: Local Knowledge and Practices for DRR; Indian Knowledge about Disasters (Early Warning Systems/Indicators, Coping Strategies/Disaster Response, Distinctive Settlement Patterns, Livelihood Preferences, Sociocultural Practices/Traditions, Managing Natural Resources/Disaster Risks, Literary Sources, Global Best Practices/Lessons Learned); Identifying Natural Disasters with Potential Financial Implications, Measuring Local Government Financial Vulnerability/Capacity to Address Natural Disasters, Identifying Regional Financial Vulnerabilities, Direct/Indirect Costs, Welfare Losses/Damages, Challenges in Economic Assessments of Disaster Losses; Poverty and DRR; Livelihoods and DRR. 18. Roles of Local Institutions in DM: Roles and Responsibilities of Community, Panchayati Raj Institutions/Urban Local Bodies (PRIs/ULBs), Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), and Other Stakeholders in DM. 19. Reducing Risk of Disasters in Communities: Strategies of Risk Reduction; People's Participation; Role of Civil Society and Volunteer Organizations; Activities and Roles of Community Action for DRR; Participatory Risk Assessment Methods; Culture of Safety, Prevention, Mitigation, and Preparedness. 20. Community Risk Management: Community Assets and Social Wealth; Community Risk Mapping; Living with Risk; Policy Perspectives (Sendai Framework for DRR); Conflict Resolution through Collaboration and Consensus; Citizens Forum, Public Voices, and Public Sphere; Social Justice Challenges; Media Advocacy for DM; Building Resilience for Disaster Risk Management; Disaster Literacy of Communities. 21. Health Systems and Infrastructure: National and Local Health Systems; Tiers of Healthcare Services; Clinical Services; Health Information System; Human Resources for Health; Monitoring and Evaluation of Health Systems; Evaluation of Disaster Programs and Projects; Resilient and Sustainable Health Systems & Infrastructure. 22. Disaster Health and Communicable Diseases: Concepts of Disaster Health, Endemic, Outbreak, Epidemic, and Pandemic; Health Consequences of Disasters; Health-EDRM Framework; Public Health Preparedness and Response; Communicable Diseases as Public Health Threats; Principles of Communicable Disease Prevention and Control; Major Disease in Emergency and Non-Emergency Settings; Setting Up Disease Control Programmes; Monitoring, Evaluation, and Research for Disease Control Programmes. 23. Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) in Emergencies: Diseases Related to Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene; Community Involvement in Hygiene Promotion, Disease Prevention, and Mitigation; Improving Environmental Conditions; Water Quantity and Water Quality; Emergency Water Supply Strategy and Techniques; Water-Borne and Water-Induced Diseases; Vector Borne Diseases Control; Water and Sanitation in Cholera Outbreak Response; Hygiene and Food Safety; Solid Waste Management; Excreta Disposal; Planning Guidelines for Institutions. 24. Disaster Epidemiology, Outbreak Investigation, and Public Health Surveillance: Basic Concepts of Epidemiology (Epidemiological Triad, Role in Disasters, Methods/Methodological Challenges, Disaster-Related Exposures, Mortality/Morbidity, Health Management Information System (HMIS), Post Disaster Needs Assessment (PDNA), Disaster Registries, Epidemiological Survey, Post-Disaster Epidemiological Investigations/Studies, Influenza Epidemiology); Definition and Criteria of Outbreak, Steps of an Outbreak Investigation, Prevention of Outbreaks, Trigger Alerts, Principles/Methods of Investigations for Food/Water/Air/Vector Borne Outbreaks; Concept and Types of Surveillance, Indicator & Event-Based Surveillance, Surveillance Design/Evaluation/Common Problems, Components of Surveillance System, Integrated Disease Surveillance Project (IDSP), Early Warning, Alert and Response System (EWARS). 25. Biological Disasters, Pandemics, Public Health Emergencies, and Emerging/Re-Emerging Diseases: Infectious Diseases, Biological Disasters, Epidemics, Pandemics, Public Health Emergencies (Concepts, Impacts, Prevention, Mitigation, Preparedness, Response, Recovery, Early Warnings/Containment Strategies, DRR/DM Measures); Biological Hazards (Types, Risk Groups); Biological Warfare and Bioterrorism (Threats, Capacity Building, Response); Biosafety and Biosecurity; Agrocrime and Agroterrorism; Healthcare Waste, Biomedical Waste and Their Management; Pandemic (Basics, Stages, Risks, Impacts, Mitigation, Case Studies); International Health Regulations (IHR); Public Health Emergencies of International Concern (PHEIC); Global Health Security Agenda (GHSA); Rapid Response Teams and Capacity Building; Mass Vaccination Issues; Emerging Diseases, Re-Emerging Diseases, Factors for Emergence, Zoonotic Diseases, Overview of Common Emerging/Re-Emerging Diseases. 26. Mental Health and Psychosocial Support (MHPSS), One Health, and Other Emerging Health Issues: Stressors, Protective Factors, Mental Health Disorder in Emergencies/Disasters; Disaster Mental Health (Basics, Phases, Response, Responders); Normal/Abnormal Human Response to Disaster; Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD); General Measures and Psychosocial Support Interventions (Psychological First Aid (PFA), Psychological Debriefings, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Community Based Interventions); Disaster Mental Health Counselling; Managing Stress and Well-Being; Basics of One Health Concept, One Health Preparedness, One Health Approach for DM; Risk Assessment/Management in Health Organizations, Health Advice for Emergency Responders, Health in DRR Frameworks, Health Related Vulnerability/Rehabilitation, CBRNe Disasters (Basics, Case Studies, Management Strategies), Nutrition/Food Safety, Care of Road Traffic Injuries Victims, Minimum Initial Service Package (MISP) for Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH), Maternal Health/Safe Motherhood, Infant/Young Child Feeding, Antimicrobial Resistance. 27. Introduction to Environment and Ecology: The Global Concern; Natural Resources and Energy Resources (Renewable/Non-Renewable); Water Resources and Forest Resources; Biodiversity and Conservation, Threats to Biodiversity; Branches of Ecology, Habitat and Ecological Niche; Ecosystem (Concepts, Types, Component, Function, Structure); Biogeochemical Cycles; Energy Flow in Ecosystem (Law of Thermodynamics, Flow of Energy, Food Chains, Food Web, Ecological Pyramids, Ecological Balance); Community Dynamics (Hydrosphere, Xerosere); Population Dynamics (Structural/Functional Aspects, Death Antagonism). 28. Environmental Pollution and Climate Resilience: Sources of Pollution; Different Types of Pollution (Air, Water, Soil, Marine, Noise, Thermal); Pollution Case Studies (London Smog Disaster, Ganga/Yamuna Pollution); Cost of Pollution Management; Causes of Environmental Pollution; Climatology (Origin, Composition/Structure of Atmosphere, Insolation, Distribution of Temperature, Atmospheric Pressure/Motion, General Atmospheric Circulation, Classification of World Climates - Koppen's/Thornthwaite's Schemes, Heat Budget, Hydrological Cycle); Climate Resilience (Meaning, Concept, Indicators, Causes, Theories). 29. Environmental Health, Safety, Disasters, Eco-based Approaches, and Nature-Based Solutions: Hailstorms; Heat Waves, Terminal Heat, and Heat-Related Illness; Cold Waves, Frost, and Fog; Climate Change (Global Warming, Acid Rains, Ozone Layer Depletion); Effect of Weather, Climate Variability, and Climate Change on Population Health; Ecosystem-Based Disaster Risk Reduction (EcoDRR – Introduction, Tools, Approaches); Natural Resources Management, Traditional Environmental Wisdom and Disasters; Disaster Risk Management (PEDRR - Partnership for Environment and DRR), Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) and its Linkages with EcoDRR; Ecological Approaches and Integrated Ecosystem Management; Nature Based Solutions (NBSs). 30. Occupational Health and Safety: Occupational Hazards (Overview, Classification, Role in Different Industries); Indian Occupational Safety Scenario; Concept and Spectrum of Occupational Health; Occupational Health Services (Basics, Structure, Functional Units, Activities); Occupational Health Screening; Occupational Diseases, Notifiable Occupational Diseases (Effects, Prevention); Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation, Audiometric Tests, Eye Tests, Vital Function Tests; Industrial Toxicology (Local, Systemic, Chronic, Temporary, Cumulative Effects, Carcinogens Entry into Human Systems); Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders and Ergonomics; Industrial Disasters (Classification, Investigation, Prevention); Agricultural Respiratory Hazards and Diseases; Corporate and Office Hazards and Diseases; Occupational Health, Safety, and Disaster Prevention. 31. Accident Investigation, Reporting, and Fire Disaster Safety: Incident Recall Technique (IRT); Disaster Control; Job Safety Analysis, Safety Survey, Safety Inspection, Safety Sampling; Safety Audit; Concept of an Accident, Reportable/Non-Reportable Accidents; Unsafe Act and Condition, Principles of Accident Prevention; Role of Safety Committee, Accident Causation Models, Cost of Accident; Overall Accident Investigation Process (Response to Accidents, India Reporting Requirement, Planning Document, Planning Matrix, Investigators Kit, Functions of Investigator, Four Types of Evidences, Records of Accidents, Accident Reports); Forest Fire, Wild Fire, and Fire Following Earthquakes (Vulnerability Assessment, Risk Assessment, Mitigation, Preparedness, Response). 32. Basics of Remote Sensing (RS): History, Development, Definition, Concept & Principles; Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR) and its Characteristics; Wavelength Regions and their Significance; Interaction of EMR with Atmosphere and Earth's Surface (Absorption, Reflectance, Scattering, Atmospheric Windows, Energy Balance Equation, Spectral Response/Signature); Spectral, Spatial, Temporal, and Radiometric Resolutions; Concept of Satellite, Sensor, Orbit; Satellite Image and Various Interpretation Techniques; Digital Image Processing Techniques. 33. Basic Concepts of Geographic Information System (GIS): Definition, Philosophy & Historical Evolution; Spatial vs. Non-Spatial Data; Components of GIS; Spatial Data Models (Raster and Vector - Advantages & Disadvantages); Raster Data & its Representation (Data Structure & File Format, Data Compression - Block Code, Chain Code, Run Length Code, Quadtree, MrSID); Vector Data Representation (Data Structure & File Format, Topology); Advantage of DBMS in Context of GIS; Data Input and Projections; Geometric Transformation of Raster and Vector Data. 34. Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) Using GIS and RS: RS & GIS Global and National Initiatives for Disaster Risk Management; Hazard Evaluation and Zonation; Risk and Vulnerability Assessment; Damage Assessment; Land Use Planning and Regulation for Sustainable Development. 35. Introduction to Information & Communications Technology (ICT) and its Applications in DM: ICT Approaches in DM; Changing Media Environments and Efficient Use of ICT for Disaster Communication; Disaster Informatics and Multimedia Educational Application for Risk Reduction; Current State and Solutions for Future Challenges in Alerting Technologies; ICT Applications, Tools, and Techniques; Efficient Deployment of ICT Tools; Utilizing ICT Applications for Decision Support in Disaster Mitigation. 36. Sensor Technologies and Computing Infrastructure in DRR: Introduction to Sensor Technologies; Types of Sensor Systems (Benefits, Limitations, Efficient Use); Design and Deployment Practices; Use of Sensor Technologies and Computing Infrastructure for Environmental Risks, Emergency, and Rescue Operations. 37. Other Emerging Technologies for Disaster Risk Management: Big Data, Machine Learning, and Database Management; Artificial Intelligence (AI), Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), Robotics; Social Media. 38. Emergency Response Procedures, Systems, Shelter, and Support Functions: Standard Operation Procedure (SOP) for Disaster Response; Information Management System; Warning Dissemination; First Responders; Evacuation; Search and Rescue Operations; Relief Operations; Emergency Operation Center (EOC); Incident Response System (Overview, Features, Incident Response Teams); Resource Management & Networking (India Disaster Resource Network); Role of Disaster Response Forces and Community Based Organizations (CBO) in Emergency Response Mechanism; Assistance to Self-Sheltering Populations; Emergency Shelter and Intermediate Shelter; Short-Term Shelter in Existing Buildings; Site Selection and Arrangement of Emergency Settlements; Longer-Term Issues for Emergency Settlements; Vector and Pest Control; Emergency Support Functions and their details. 39. Emergency Health Services: Health in Emergencies; Planning, Continuity, and Access for Emergency Health Services; Prehospital Care (First Aid in Different Cases, Basic Life Support (BLS), Wound Management, Handling of Injured Persons); First Aid Triage (Principles, Types, and Triage Systems); Public Health Emergency Operations Centre (PHEOC – Framework and Key Concepts); Mass Casualty Management; Emergency Medical Preparedness and Response; Hospital Emergency Disaster Management Plan; Hospital Safety and Preparedness; Health Emergency Teams; Identification and Handling of Human Remains. 40. Risk Communication and Media & Public Affairs in Disasters: Disaster and Communication (Role of Communication in Disaster, Nature and Scope of Communication); Models and Processes of Communication as Applied to DM; Sender and Receiver Oriented Views; Seven Traditions of Communication and its Relevance to DM; Normative Perspective on Disaster Communication; Disaster Warnings as Risk Communication (Risk Perception, Hazard Awareness); Cultural Influences on Risk Communication; Cultural Cognition Theory of Risk Approaches Influencing Hazard Adjustment and Adoption; Overview of the Media and Public Affairs; Role of Media in DM and Humanitarian Crisis; Objectives of Mass Media; Ethical Issues in Disaster Communication; Understanding News Media Coverage of Disaster (Biases and Stereotypes); Reporting on Disaster Issues and Challenges (Newsworthiness, Phases of Disaster Reporting, Sources of News, Checklist for Disaster Reporting); Media Relations during Emergency Situations; Alternative Media During Crisis; Tools for Social Media (Applications and Use).

Indian Culture Notes For Assistant Professor Ugc Nta Net Exam

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Author : Mocktime Publication
language : en
Publisher: by Mocktime Publication
Release Date : 101-01-01

Indian Culture Notes For Assistant Professor Ugc Nta Net Exam written by Mocktime Publication and has been published by by Mocktime Publication this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 101-01-01 with Study Aids categories.

Syllabus: 1. Meaning and concepts of Culture: encompassing Traditional and Modern concepts, alongside Notions of Culture in textual tradition, and anthropological, archaeological, and sociological understanding of the term culture. 2. Elements of Culture, the concept of Indianness, the value system, and the fundamental relation between culture and civilization. 3. Historiography and approaches to the study of Indian Culture: including Stereotypes, Objectivity and Bias, and Imperialist, Nationalist, Marxist, and Subaltern perspectives; also covering the Heritage of India and the world’s debt to Indian Culture. 4. Archaeological Sources for the Study of Indian Culture: cultural remains, Monuments, Numismatics, and Epigraphy. 5. Literary sources and Oral traditions; Foreign Accounts; and Archival sources as means for the Study of Indian Culture. 6. Pre-historic Stone age cultures, detailing palaeolithic, mesolithic, and neolithic periods, and Protohistoric cultures, including the chalcolithic horizon. 7. Harappan Culture: addressing current debates on nomenclature and scripts, and detailing Town planning and architecture, art, social, religious, and economic life. 8. The evolution of India’s main language families. 9. Early Vedic and later Vedic ideas and institutions: covering social, religious, economic, political, and scientific aspects. 10. Post Vedic developments: including Religious Movements, the emergence of states, Shramana traditions (Buddhism, Jainism, Ajivikas, and other sects), and the Education system and centres like Taxila and Kashi. 11. Mauryan and Post-Mauryan Ideas and Institutions: examining Social, Religious, Economic, and Political structures; Ashoka’s Dhamma; and Scripts like Brahmi and Kharosthi. 12. The Impact of Foreign Invasions on India; and the development of Art and Architecture during the Mauryan and Post-Mauryan periods. 13. Literature of the Mauryan and Post-Mauryan period: featuring Arthasashtra, Manusmriti, Natyashastra, Panchatantra, Buddhacharit, and Saundarananda; alongside Scientific Achievements of Nagarjuna, Sushruta, and Charaka. 14. The Education System and Centres during Mauryan and Post-Mauryan times; the Sangam Age, focusing on its Society and Culture; and India's Contacts with the outside world. 15. Gupta and Post-Gupta Ideas and Institutions: exploring social, religious, philosophical, economic, and political dimensions. 16. Scientific Achievements (Mathematics, Astronomy, Metallurgy) and Art and Architecture (evolution of Temples, Paintings of Ajanta and Bagh) during the Gupta and Post-Gupta period. 17. Literature of the Gupta and Post-Gupta era: Kalidasa, Banabhatta, Bharavi, Magha, Bhavabhuti, Dandi; Canonical Texts such as Vishnu Dharmottara Purana; the Education system and centres like Nalanda and Valabhi; and Contacts with the outside world. 18. Early Medieval Society: Legacies of Classical ideas, emergence of new trends, Proliferation of castes, outcastes, Vishti (forced labour), Slavery, and the Position of women; Polity characterized by feudalism; and Economy marked by de-urbanization and an agrarian system. 19. Religion in the Early Medieval Period: Vedic-Puranic traditions, Shramana tradition, Tantra, Bhakti movements; Philosophical thoughts including Shaddarshana; notable Philosophers like Shankara and Ramanuja; and the Pilgrimmage tradition. 20. Art and Architecture in Early Medieval India, featuring Nagara, Dravida, Bhumija, and Vesara styles; Education system and centres such as Vikramashila and Nalanda; and Scientific achievements in Mathematics and Astronomy. 21. Literature of the Early Medieval Period: Kalhana’s Rajatarangini and Al-Birunis’ Kitabul Hind; India's Contacts with Islam; and Canonical texts like Samaranganasutradhara, Manasara, Bhuvanapradeepa, and Sadhanamala. 22. Delhi Sultanate - Ideas and Institutions: Political structures like Iqta and the impact of the new ruling class on society; Economic aspects including market reforms, growth of new urban centres, percolation of Islam in rural areas, resistance and acceptance, and the Extent of slavery. 23. Religion in the Sultanate Period: Acharya traditions, the Bhakti tradition featuring Kabir and Ravidas, and the emergence of Sufism, particularly the Chishti and Suhrawardy orders. 24. Art and Architecture during the Sultanate Period: emergence of the Sultanate school of architecture and paintings, regional styles, and various religious and secular structures; Literature encompassing Sanskrit, Persian, Regional languages, and the emergence of Hindawi (Amir Khusrau, Chandabardai); and the Education system. 25. Vijay Nagar Empire: its Ideas and Institutions, particularly the political system of Nayankara; its Art and Architecture, Literature, and Educational institutions. 26. Mughal Ideas and Institutions: Polity aspects such as Mansab and Jagir, and Watan Jagir; Economic systems like Zamindari and Zabt; and Society, including the Aristocracy, emergence of middle classes, labourers, Slaves, and the Position of Women. 27. Religion and Philosophy in the Mughal Period: the growth of Vaishnava Bhakti, Panthiesm, and Sufi traditions like Sulh-i kul and Naqshabandis; key religious figures including Gurunanaka, Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, Meerabai, Narayanabhatta, and Raghunandana. 28. Literature during the Mughal Period: development in Sanskrit, Persian, and vernacular languages, featuring Tulasidasa, Suradasa, Abdur Rahim Khan-i-khanan, Abdul Fazl, Faizi, Badauni, and Banarasidas (Ardhakathanaka); and the Translation of religious texts by Akbar and Dara-Shukoh. 29. Art and Architecture in the Mughal era: Emergence of Mughal Schools; Temples of Vrindavan such as Gobinda Deva and Keshava Das Temple; and Four Quarter Gardens; Education, including the introduction of new education curricullum from Akbar’s period onwards (Dars-inizami), and religious syncretism in coinage, miniatures, and structures. 30. Science and Technology during the Mughal Period: Introduction of mechanical devices, pindrum gearing, and the astrolabe; Sawai Jai Singh’s observatories; and the Arrival of Europeans (Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch, English, French) and their impact. 31. Emergence of successor states and their cultural developments in the Modern Period: Awadh, Hyderabad, Mysore, Marathas, and Rajputana. 32. The Impact of Western ideas and Indian responses: European studies of India, including the work of William Jones and the Asiatic Society, Fort William College, and the influence of Christian missionaries. 33. The Emergence and Development of the New Education System during the Modern Period. 34. The Indian Cultural Renaissance and Socio-Religious reform movements: focusing on Reformists such as the Brahama Samaja, Aligarh Movement, Ramakrishna Mission, and Theosophical Society. 35. Revivalist movements like the Wahabi and Arya Samaj Movement; alongside Dalit Movements and Sikh reform movements. 36. Administrative Measures undertaken in the Modern Period: specifically legislation concerning women, education, and social evils. 37. Literature in the Modern Period: the emergence of Shahr Ashob as a genre. 38. Prominent Urdu literary figures (Mirza Ghalib, Allama Iqbal) and Hindi literary figures (Bhartendu Harishchand, Prem Chand) of the Modern Period. 39. Key Bengali literary figures (Bankim Chandra Chatterjee, Rabindranath Tagore, Qazi Nazrul Islam) of the Modern Period. 40. Science and Technology in the Modern Period: the emergence of modern science and technology.

English Notes For Assistant Professor Ugc Nta Net Exam

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Author : Mocktime Publication
language : en
Publisher: by Mocktime Publication
Release Date : 101-01-01

English Notes For Assistant Professor Ugc Nta Net Exam written by Mocktime Publication and has been published by by Mocktime Publication this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 101-01-01 with Study Aids categories.

Syllabus: 1. Drama: Understanding core concepts, diverse forms, and historical development. 2. Drama: Exploring major playwrights and influential theatrical movements. 3. Drama: Applying techniques for analysis and critical interpretation of dramatic texts. 4. Drama: Assessment of critical reading, critical thinking, and writing skills through comprehension passages covering all literatures in English. 5. Poetry: Understanding fundamental elements, prosody, and various poetic genres. 6. Poetry: Exploring significant poets, key movements, and distinct stylistic features. 7. Poetry: Applying methods for appreciation and critical evaluation of poetic works. 8. Poetry: Assessment of critical reading, critical thinking, and writing skills through comprehension passages covering all literatures in English. 9. Fiction: Understanding narrative structures, core elements, and the evolution of the novel. 10. Fiction: Exploring major novelists and their contributions to the development of fiction. 11. Short story: Understanding its distinct characteristics, diverse forms, and historical development. 12. Fiction, short story: Assessment of critical reading, critical thinking, and writing skills through comprehension passages covering all literatures in English. 13. Non-Fictional Prose: Understanding its various types, purposes, and key characteristics. 14. Non-Fictional Prose: Exploring prominent writers and their influential works. 15. Non-Fictional Prose: Analyzing rhetorical strategies, diverse styles, and overall impact. 16. Non-Fictional Prose: Assessment of critical reading, critical thinking, and writing skills through comprehension passages covering all literatures in English. 17. Language: Basic concepts (e.g., phonetics, morphology, syntax, semantics). 18. Language: Key theories of language structure, acquisition, and change. 19. Language: Pedagogy, including methods and approaches for teaching English. 20. English in Use: Practical application, varieties, and its role in communication. 21. English in India: Its history, including introduction and spread. 22. English in India: Its evolution, encompassing changes in role and form. 23. English in India: Contemporary status, features, and significance. 24. English in India: Its futures, considering prospects and ongoing debates. 25. Cultural Studies: Introduction to basic concepts, theories, and scope. 26. Cultural Studies: Examining its relationship with literature, media, and society. 27. Cultural Studies: Analyzing themes of identity, power, representation, and ideology. 28. Cultural Studies: Exploring diverse methodologies and critical approaches. 29. Literary Criticism: Tracing its history from classical origins to early 20th century. 30. Literary Criticism: Studying major critics and their influential contributions. 31. Literary Criticism: Understanding different schools, approaches, and critical methods. 32. Literary Criticism: Practical application of critical principles to literary texts. 33. Literary Theory post World War II: Contexts of emergence and key developments. 34. Literary Theory post World War II: Major movements (e.g., Structuralism, Post-structuralism). 35. Literary Theory post World War II: Diverse perspectives (e.g., Marxism, Feminism, Post-colonialism). 36. Literary Theory post World War II: Its application and impact on literary studies. 37. Research Methods in English: Introduction to methodologies and types of research. 38. Research Methods in English: Developing research questions, proposals, and design. 39. Research Materials in English: Identifying, evaluating, and utilizing sources. 40. Research Methods and Materials in English: Academic writing, documentation, and ethics.

Ayurveda Biology Notes For Assistant Professor Ugc Nta Net Exam

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Author : Mocktime Publication
language : en
Publisher: by Mocktime Publication
Release Date : 101-01-01

Ayurveda Biology Notes For Assistant Professor Ugc Nta Net Exam written by Mocktime Publication and has been published by by Mocktime Publication this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 101-01-01 with Study Aids categories.

Syllabus: 1. Vedic origin & chronological development of ?yurveda, ?yurveda and various schools, understanding and relevance of a????ga ?yurveda. 2. Basic Texts and commentaries of ?yurveda, contribution of commentators to ?yurveda. 3. Introduction to b?hattray? and its importance, Introduction to laghutray? and its importance. 4. Basic understanding of nigha??u and ko?a of ?yurveda, contribution of contemporary publications in ?yurveda, Government initiatives for development of ?yurveda. 5. ?yu - lak?a?a, pary?ya, paribh??? and pram??a; Definitions of ?ar?ra, jñ?nendriya, karmendriya, mana, buddhi, citta, aha?k?ra, ?tm?. 6. lokapuru?a s?mya siddh?nta, ekadh?tu puru?a, ?a?dh?tuja puru?a, caturvi??ati tatv?tmaka puru?a and their relevance; Definitions of Ayurveda – hit?yu - ahit?yu, sukh?yu - dukh?yu, tris?tra ?yurveda - hetuli?ga- au?adha-jñ?na svastha ?tura. 7. sv?sthya lak?a?a - Dimensions of Health Corresponding to nature, prak?ti, ?tucary?, dinacary?, svasthav?tta; pa?camah?bh?ta – ?k??a-v?yu-agni-jala-p?thv? and their specific properties. 8. Theories of s?m?nya and vi?e?a; pad?rtha – theories of dravya-gu?a-karma-s?m?nya-vi?e?a-samav?ya; do?a – ?ar?rika and m?nasika; Introduction to dh?tu, mala, agni and srotas. 9. Introduction to ?ar?ra racan? kriy?; garbha?ar?ra (fetal development) - ?ukra, ?rtava, garbh?dh?na, garbha and m?s?num?sika garbha. 10. Introduction to ?ar?ra pram??a, sa?khy? ?ar?ra, a?ga-pratya?ga-ko??h??ga and ??aya; Introduction to deha prak?ti and m?nasa prak?ti. 11. Introduction to do?a, sapta dh?tu and mala vijñ?na; Definition and types of - asthi, sandhi, sn?yu, pe??, parva and ka??ar?. 12. Definition, types and numbers of srotas, dhaman?, ?ir? and n???; ojas and its importance; Definition of agni and types – ja?har?gni, dh?tv?gni and bh?t?gni; marma - Definition and types. 13. pad?rtha – Definition and types - saptapad?rtha; Definition and types of pram?, prameya, pram?t?, pram??a and pram??a catu??aya. 14. pram??a - Definition and types - ?ptopade?a, pratyak?a, anum?na and yukti pram??a; Origin of dravya, Definition and types - k?ra?a and k?rya dravya. 15. au?adha and ?h?ra dravya, ?yu?ya – an?yu?ya dravya; Basic concept of rasa pañcaka; dravya - n?ma-r?pa-gu?a-karma-yoga-prayoga-sa?yoga vijñ?na. 16. Basic concept, classification, and application gu?a, v?rya and vip?ka; Basic concept of karma and its classification; dravya in accordance with karma and its uses in health and disease. 17. Rasa Shastra and bhai?ajya Kalpana: Origin and Development of rasa ??stra and bhai?ajya kalpan?; rasa - Definition, Types of rasa ?odhana prak?ra and sa?sk?ra; uparasa s?dh?ra?a rasa, ratna, and uparatna, – Definition; Types of ?odhana and m?ra?a. 18. Principles of au?adha nirm??a, j?ra?a, m?ra?a, satvap?tana, nirv?pa and ?v?pa; Basic concept of bhai?ajya kalpan?; rasa??l? - Conventional and Contemporary aspects, Good Collection Practices and Good Manufacturing Practices. 19. Basic Pharmaceutical dosage forms and Secondary dosage forms of ?yurveda; Definition of pu?a, its types and use in various pharmaceutical forms; au?adha sevana k?la and au?adha sevana m?rga. 20. Pharmacopeia: ?yurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (API) - Introduction, development and importance; ?yurvedic Formulary of India (AFI) - Introduction, development and importance; Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 in relation to ASU Drugs and Standardization of ASU drugs; Extra-pharmacopoeial drugs (Anukta dravya) not finding place in Ayurvedic Classics; Knowledge of pharmaco-vigilance in ?yurveda and conventional system of medicine; Pharmacogenomics of active compounds of ?yurveda and multi-omics approach. 21. Disease Biology: Definition of disease, Etiology and Pathology; Congenital and Acquired diseases; Communicable and Non-communicable diseases; Genetic and Epigenetic factors in health and diseases; Autoimmune diseases and Lifestyle disorders; Deficiency and Metabolic diseases; Psychological disorders; Benign tumors and various types of cancers. 22. Microbiology: Historical perspectives of Microbiology, Immunization, Epidemics and Pandemics; Antimicrobial resistance, Immune response by microorganisms, Sterilization and disinfection; Microbial Diversity and Physiology; Gut-Brain axis (GBA) and Microbiome. 23. Microorganisms isolation and characterization, culture media; Environmental microflora, Bio-remediation, Dairy microbiology, Indicator organisms and tests and water borne diseases; Genetic Recombination, Transformation, Conjugation and Transduction. 24. Immunology: Role of RBCs, WBCs, platelets and plasma proteins in immune mechanisms; Biophysics of Immune System, Structure of antigen and antibody molecules, Antigen recognition by T cell and B cells, B-cell receptors, TCR gene rearrangement, antigen presentation and MHC/HLA complex; Antigen antibody reactions, Innate immune cells, Pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP), Pathogen recognition receptors (PRR) and Complement system; Natural and Acquired immunity, cell-mediated immunity and toxicity and cytokines; Immunopathology and autoimmune diseases, transplant rejection and allergy, Immunomodulators; Antibody isolation and purification, ELISA, immunoblotting, immunohistochemistry, immunoprecipitation, immune cell isolation, flow cytometry and Immunotherapy; History of vaccines, attenuated vaccine, heat-killed vaccine, subunit vaccine, recombinant vaccine, DNA vaccine, RNA vaccine, dendritic cell-based vaccine, Virus- Like Particles, adjuvants and their role in vaccine. 25. Genetics and Ayurgenomics: Principles of Inheritance and Variation, Historical Perspectives of Genetics; Human genome and its evolution; Exploring genotype to phenotype correlation, Multi-OMIC and its correlation with do?aprak?ti and medicinal plants. 26. Basics of human genomics, regulatory mechanisms of genetic variation, its role in health, diseases and adaptation including drug response; Population genomics, Disease genomics, Pharmaco-genomics, Nutrigenomics, and scientific approaches and initiatives towards discovery of biomarkers; Approach, limitation and challenges in discovery, development and delivery of P4 and P5 (Predictive, Preventive, Personalized, Participatory and Promotive) medicinal aspects of ?yurveda. 27. Cell and Molecular Biology: Plant and animal cells - Structure and Function; Early evidences and Experiments of DNA as the genetic material, Chemistry of Nucleic acids, Nucleotides, Chargaff’s rule; Watson-Crick model and forms of DNA; types of RNAs, Concept of gene and genome, difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotic genes, C-value paradox, Triplexes, quadruplexes and aptamers. 28. DNA replication-conservative, semi-conservative and dispersive models, DNA replicative enzymes and mechanisms of DNA replication; Types of gene mutations - base substitution, frame shift mutation, insertion, deletion, missense, nonsense, reverse, suppressor and lethal mutations; DNA damage and repair mechanisms; Gene expression and regulation in prokaryotes, structure of prokaryotic gene, structure and functions of RNA polymerase and its subunits; Mechanism of Gene Transcription and Translation, Genetic code, Gene structure, expression and regulation in eukaryotes, RNA polymerases, Post-transcriptional modifications and Operon concept; Basic concepts of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology. 29. Physiology: Fundamentals of human physiology and cellular function; Digestive System – Digestion, Absorption and Metabolism; Respiratory and Circulatory Systems – Breathing and exchange of gases, Body fluids and circulation; Nervous Systems – Central and Autonomic nervous system, Neurophysiology and Cerebrospinal fluids. 30. Excretory and Endocrine Systems – Excretory products and their elimination from the body, acid-base regulation, Endocrine glands and Hormonal functions; Reproductive System – Human reproductive physiology and Embryonic development; Voluntary and Involuntary movements and their coordination. 31. Biochemistry: Concept of atoms and molecules, molecular interactions, stereochemistry and their importance in biological systems; Carbohydrate chemistry and metabolism, Disorders associated with carbohydrate metabolism; Lipid chemistry and metabolism, Disorders associated with lipid metabolism, Lipidomics; Chemistry and metabolism of Proteins and Amino acids, Ramachandran plot, primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure of proteins, Mechanisms and specificity of Enzymes, Coenzymes and Cofactors, Disorders associated with protein and amino acid metabolism, proteomics; Heme synthesis and disorders; Structure, function and metabolisms of nucleic acids, DNA and RNA. 32. Nanotechnology: Physical properties and types of the nanoparticles, Nanoparticles of various basic pharmaceutical forms of ?yurveda and Green nanotechnology; Synthesis of nanomaterials using different methods, Molecular basis of biosynthesis of nanomaterials, assessment of plant, animal and mineral-based drugs for nanomaterials; Characterizations of nanoparticles - transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), fluroscence microscopy, atomic force microscope (AFM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), UV – visible absorption; photoluminescence; Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and dynamic light scattering spectroscopy (DLS); Nanomaterials in bio-sensors and other applications and Interaction of nanomaterials; Molecular basis of nano-formulations. 33. Biodiversity and Environmental Health: Biodiversity of Medicinal plants and animals, Concept and Practices of environmental health, Pathways for synthesis of primary and secondary metabolites and their uses; Pharmacological properties of secondary and active metabolites of medicinal plants used in ?yurveda; Concept of ecosystem, structure, function and types of ecosystem, energy flow in an ecosystem: food chain, food web and ecological succession. 34. Biodiversity and its conservation, Levels of biological diversity, biogeography zones of India, biodiversity patterns and global biodiversity hot spots, India as a megabiodiversity nation; Renewable and non-renewable biological resources and their importance in longevity of life; Degradation of biodiversity, loss of medicinal plants and animal life, and its impact on indigenous knowledge. 35. Intellectual Property Rights (IPR): Concept, meaning and types of Intellectual Property (IP), Origin, nature, philosophy and importance of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR), Current Best Practices (CBP) and legal framework of IPR; Protection of Traditional Knowledge System (TKS), prevention of bio-piracy and bioprospecting, benefits to national economy, conservation of environment, protection of livelihood of TK stake- holders, TKS and innovation in Indian medicine system; Introduction to the Indian patent office and National Biodiversity Authority and their role in the protection of TKS, Different types of IPR protection in India, Indian Legislations – Patents Act of India (1970); Biological Diversity Act (2002), Convention of Biological Diversity (1992), Plant Protection Variety and Farmers Rights Act (2001) and Geographical Indication Act 1999 etc. with respect to TKS; The role of databases and registers in the legal protection of TKS - Traditional Knowledge Digital Library (TKDL) through World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO); WTO, TRIPS, World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO), Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD); FAO; Nagoya Protocol on access and benefit-sharing. 36. Entrepreneurship: Definition of Entrepreneur, Entrepreneurial traits, and Entrepreneur versus Manager, Entrepreneurial decision processes, Ethical, Legal and Socio-cultural responsibilities; Opportunities for Entrepreneurs in relation to food and drugs of Ayurveda for wellness; Innovations and new ideas in ?yurveda R&D, Product planning, development and troubleshooting, Types of ?yurveda industries and manufacturing, and Competitive dynamics between the sub-industries; Entrepreneurship development programs of public and private agencies (MSME, Ministry of Ayush, Make in India), Challenges in ?yurveda industry and decision-making, Patenting and Commercialization strategies; Laboratory to market - strategies and processes of negotiation with financiers, government and regulatory authorities, Pricing strategy, challenges in marketing in ?yurveda business, Distribution channels, supply chain, Analysis and management of customer needs; Business preparation including statutory and legal requirements, business feasibility study, Financial management in capital procurement and cost management, Collaborations and partnership. 37. Research Methodology: Research Methodologies and Bioethics in ?yurveda; Fundamental principles-based research in ?yurveda; Food and drug-based research in Ayurveda; Pre-clinical and Clinical trials - types, protocol designing and data management in accordance with the principles of ?yurveda. 38. Various extraction methods of plant materials, Concept of polarity for extraction and Solvents used for the extraction; Purification of bioactive compounds through various chromatographic methods; Identification of Functional Groups in Phytochemicals. 39. Biostatistics: Average, Mean, Mode, Median; Descriptive statistics, Various Statistical tests of significance and Analysis of variance; Power and sample size calculation and Basic Principles of Statistical Inference; Correlation analysis, Regression analysis and Survival analysis; Genome Mapping Statistics and Bioinformatics; Types of data and its classification, multi-dimensional data, big data, meta data, linear algebraic treatment to data, matrices, eigen values and eigenvectors, and singular value decomposition; Exploratory data analysis, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. 40. Ayurveda-informatics: Chronological Development of ?yurvedic drug manufacturing industries; Government policies and initiatives for the development of ?yurveda as traditional System of Medicine of India for the wellbeing of the world; Ordinance, Rules and Regulations in the manufacturing of quality, safety and efficacy of ?yurvedic drugs for the consumers; Review of important modern works on classical medicinal plants published by Ministry of AYUSH and ICMR, Govt of India; Important organizations of Ayurveda – National Commission for Indian System of Medicine (NCISM), Central Council for Research in ?yurvedic Sciences (CCRAS), ?yurvedic Pharmacopeia commission, National Medicinal Plants Board and Traditional Knowledge Digital Library (TKDL), etc; Research publication portals in ?yurveda and contemporary medical science - DHARA, PubMed, Ayush Research Portal, Bioinformatics Centre and Research Management Informatic System; Use of modern technology to confirm the various fundamental principles, drug research and development for communicable and non-communicable diseases; Health informatics in ?yurveda in present global scenario.

Education Notes For Assistant Professor Ugc Nta Net Exam

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Author : Mocktime Publication
language : en
Publisher: by Mocktime Publication
Release Date : 101-01-01

Education Notes For Assistant Professor Ugc Nta Net Exam written by Mocktime Publication and has been published by by Mocktime Publication this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 101-01-01 with Study Aids categories.

Syllabus: 1. Contribution of Indian Schools of philosophy (Sankhya Yoga, Vedanta, Buddhism, Jainism) with special reference to Vidya, Dayanand Darshan, and Islamic traditions towards educational aims and methods of acquiring valid knowledge; AND the Contribution of Western schools of thoughts (Idealism, Realism, Naturalism, Pragmatism, Marxism, Existentialism) and their contribution to Education with special reference to information, knowledge and wisdom. 2. Approaches to Sociology of Education (symbolic Interaction, Structural Functionalism and Conflict Theory); Concept and types of social Institutions and their functions (family, school and society); Concept of Social Movements, Theories of Social Movements (Relative Deprivation, Resource Mobilization, Political Process Theory and New Social Movement Theory). 3. Socialization and education- education and culture; Contribution of thinkers (Swami Vivekananda, Rabindranath Tagore, Mahatma Gandhi, Aurobindo, J.Krishnamurthy, Paulo Freire, Wollstonecraft, Nel Noddings and Savitribai Phule) to the development of educational thought for social change; National Values as enshrined in the Indian Constitution - Socialism, Secularism, justice, liberty, democracy, equality, freedom with special reference to education. 4. Committees and Commissions’ Contribution to Teacher Education: Secondary Education Commission (1953), Kothari Education Commission (1964-66), National Policy of Education (1986,1992), National Commission on Teachers (1999), National Curriculum Framework 2005, National Knowledge Commission (2007), Yashpal Committee Report (2009), National Curriculum Framework for Teacher Education (2009), Justice Verma Committee Report (2012). 5. Relationship between Policies and Education, Linkage between Educational Policy and National Development, Determinants of Educational Policy and Process of Policy formulation: Analysis of the existing situation, generation of policy options, evaluation of policy options, making the policy decision, planning of policy implementation, policy impact assessment and subsequent policy cycles. 6. Concept of Economics of Education: Cost Benefit Analysis Vs Cost Effective Analysis in Education, Economic returns to Higher Education Signaling Theory Vs Human Capital Theory, Concept of Educational Finance; Educational finance at Micro and Macro Levels, Concept of Budgeting. 7. Relationship Between Politics and Education, Perspectives of Politics of Education Liberal, Conservative and Critical, Approaches to understanding Politics (Behaviouralism, Theory of Systems Analysis and Theory of Rational Choice), Education for Political Development and Political Socialization. 8. Growth and Development: Concept and principles, Cognitive Processes and stages of Cognitive Development, Personality: Definitions and theories (Freud, Carl Rogers, Gordon Allport, Max Wertheimer, Kurt Koffka), Mental health and Mental hygiene. 9. Approaches to Intelligence from Unitary to Multiple: Concepts of Social intelligence, multiple intelligence, emotional intelligence; Theories of Intelligence by Sternberg, Gardner; Assessment of Intelligence; Concepts of Problem Solving, Critical thinking, Metacognition and Creativity. 10. Principles and Theories of learning: Behaviouristic, Cognitive and Social theories of learning, Factors affecting social learning, social competence, Concept of social cognition, understanding social relationship and socialization goals. 11. Guidance and Counselling: Nature, Principles and Need, Types of guidance (educational, vocational, personal, health and social & Directive, Non-directive and Eclectic), Approaches to counselling – Cognitive-Behavioural (Albert Ellis – REBT) & Humanistic, Personcentred Counselling (Carl Rogers) - Theories of Counselling (Behaviouristic, Rational, Emotive and Reality). 12. Meaning, Nature and Scope of Teacher Education; Types of Teacher Education Programs; The Structure of Teacher Education Curriculum and its Vision in Curriculum Documents of NCERT and NCTE at Elementary, Secondary and Higher Secondary Levels; Organization of Components of Pre-service Teacher Education Transactional Approaches (for foundation courses) Expository, Collaborative and Experiential learning. 13. Understanding Knowledge base of Teacher Education from the view point of Schulman, Deng and Luke & Habermas; Meaning of Reflective Teaching and Strategies for Promoting Reflective Teaching; Models of Teacher Education - Behaviouristic, Competency-based and Inquiry Oriented Teacher Education Models. 14. Concept, Need, Purpose and Scope of In-service Teacher Education; Organization and Modes of In-service Teacher Education; Agencies and Institutions of In-service Teacher Education at District, State and National Levels (SSA, RMSA, SCERT, NCERT, NCTE and UGC); Preliminary Consideration in Planning in-service teacher education programme (Purpose, Duration, Resources and Budget). 15. Concept of Profession and Professionalism; Teaching as a Profession; Professional Ethics of Teachers; Personal and Contextual factors affecting Teacher Development; ICT Integration, Quality Enhancement for Professionalization of Teacher Education; Innovation in Teacher Education. 16. Concept and Principles of Curriculum; Strategies of Curriculum Development; Stages in the Process of Curriculum development; Foundations of Curriculum Planning - Philosophical Bases (National, democratic), Sociological basis (socio cultural reconstruction), Psychological Bases (learner’s needs and interests); Bench marking and Role of National level Statutory Bodies - UGC, NCTE and University in Curriculum Development. 17. Models of Curriculum Design: Traditional and Contemporary Models (Academic / Discipline Based Model, Competency Based Model, Social Functions / Activities Model [social reconstruction], Individual Needs & Interests Model, Outcome Based Integrative Model, Intervention Model, C I P P Model (Context, Input, Process, Product Model)). 18. Instructional System, Instructional Media, Instructional Techniques and Material in enhancing curriculum Transaction; Approaches to Evaluation of Curriculum: Approaches to Curriculum and Instruction (Academic and Competency Based Approaches); Models of Curriculum Evaluation: Tyler’s Model, Stakes’ Model, Scriven’s Model, Kirkpatrick’s Model. 19. Meaning and types of Curriculum change; Factors affecting curriculum change; Approaches to curriculum change; Role of students, teachers and educational administrators in curriculum change and improvement; Scope of curriculum research and Types of Research in Curriculum Studies. 20. Meaning and Scope of Educational Research; Meaning and steps of Scientific Method, Characteristics of Scientific Method (Replicability, Precision, Falsifiability and Parsimony), Types of Scientific Method (Exploratory, Explanatory and Descriptive); Aims of research as a scientific activity: Problem-solving, Theory Building and Prediction. 21. Types of research (Fundamental, Applied and Action); Approaches to educational research (Quantitative and Qualitative); Designs in educational research (Descriptive, Experimental and Historical). 22. Variables: Meaning of Concepts, Constructs and Variables, Types of Variables (Independent, Dependent, Extraneous, Intervening and Moderator); Hypotheses - Concept, Sources, Types (Research, Directional, Non-directional, Null), Formulating Hypothesis, Characteristics of a good hypothesis; Steps of Writing a Research Proposal. 23. Concept of Universe and Sample, Characteristics of a good Sample, Techniques of Sampling (Probability and Non-probability Sampling); Tools of Research - Validity, Reliability and Standardisation of a Tool, Types of Tools (Rating scale, Attitude scale, Questionnaire, Aptitude test and Achievement Test, Inventory); Techniques of Research (Observation, Interview and Projective Techniques). 24. Types of Measurement Scale (Nominal, Ordinal, Interval and Ratio); Quantitative Data Analysis - Descriptive data analysis (Measures of central tendency, variability, fiduciary limits and graphical presentation of data), Testing of Hypothesis (Type I and Type II Errors), Levels of Significance, Power of a statistical test and effect size; Parametric Techniques, Non-Parametric Techniques, Conditions to be satisfied for using parametric techniques; Inferential data analysis; Use and Interpretation of statistical techniques: Correlation, t-test, z-test, ANOVA, chi-square (Equal Probability and Normal Probability Hypothesis). 25. Qualitative Data Analysis - Data Reduction and Classification, Analytical Induction and Constant Comparison, Concept of Triangulation; Qualitative Research Designs: Grounded Theory Designs (Types, characteristics, designs, Steps in conducting a GT research, Strengths and Weakness of GT), Narrative Research Designs (Meaning and key Characteristics, Steps in conducting NR design), Case Study (Meaning, Characteristics, Components of a CS design, Types of CS design, Steps of conducting a CS research, Strengths and weaknesses), Ethnography (Meaning, Characteristics, Underlying assumptions, Steps of conducting ethnographic research, Writing ethnographic account, Strengths and weaknesses), Mixed Method Designs: Characteristics, Types of MM designs (Triangulation, explanatory and exploratory designs), Steps in conducting a MM designs, Strengths and weakness of MM research. 26. Pedagogy, Pedagogical Analysis - Concept and Stages; Critical Pedagogy- Meaning, Need and its implications in Teacher Education; Organizing Teaching: Memory Level (Herbartian Model), Understanding Level (Morrison teaching Model), Reflective Level (Bigge and Hunt teaching Model); Concept of Andragogy in Education: Meaning, Principles, Competencies of Self-directed Learning, Theory of Andragogy (Malcolm Knowles), The Dynamic Model of Learner Autonomy. 27. Assessment – Meaning, nature, perspectives (assessment for Learning, assessment of learning and Assessment of Learning) - Types of Assessment (Placement, formative, diagnostic, summative); Relations between objectives and outcomes; Assessment of Cognitive (Anderson and Krathwohl), Affective (Krathwohl) and psychomotor domains (R.H. Dave) of learning. 28. Assessment in Pedagogy of Education including Feedback Devices: Meaning, Types, Criteria, Guidance as a Feedback Devices, Assessment of Portfolios, Reflective Journal, Field Engagement using Rubrics, Competency Based Evaluation, Assessment of Teacher Prepared ICT Resources; AND Assessment in Andragogy of Education including Interaction Analysis: Flanders’ Interaction analysis, Galloway’s system of interaction analysis (Recording of Classroom Events, Construction and Interpretation of Interaction Matrix), Criteria for teacher evaluation (Product, Process and Presage criteria), Rubrics for Self and Peer evaluation (Meaning, steps of construction). 29. Concept of Educational Technology (ET) as a Discipline: (Information Technology, Communication Technology & Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and Instructional Technology); Applications of Educational Technology in formal, non formal (Open and Distance Learning), informal and inclusive education systems; Overview of Behaviourist, Cognitive and Constructivist Theories and their implications to Instructional Design (Skinner, Piaget, Ausubel, Bruner, Vygotsky); Relationship between Learning Theories and Instructional Strategies (for large and small groups, formal and non formal groups ). 30. Systems Approach to Instructional Design; Models of Development of Instructional Design (ADDIE, ASSURE, Dick and Carey Model Mason’s); Gagne’s Nine Events of Instruction and Five E’s of Constructivism; Nine Elements of Constructivist Instructional Design; Application of Computers in Education: CAI, CAL, CBT, CML; Concept, Process of preparing ODLM; Concept of e learning, Approaches to e learning (Offline, Online, Synchronous, Asynchronous, Blended learning, mobile learning). 31. Emerging Trends in e learning: Social learning (concept , use of web 2.0 tools for learning, social networking sites, blogs, chats, video conferencing, discussion forum); Open Education Resources (Creative Common, Massive Open Online Courses; Concept and application); E Inclusion - Concept of E Inclusion, Application of Assistive technology in E learning; Quality of E Learning – Measuring quality of system: Information, System, Service, User Satisfaction and Net Benefits (D&M IS Success Model, 2003); Ethical Issues for E Learner and E Teacher - Teaching, Learning and Research. 32. Use of ICT in Evaluation, Administration and Research: E portfolios, ICT for Research - Online Repositories and Online Libraries, Online and Offline assessment tools (Online survey tools or test generators) – Concept and Development. 33. Educational Management and Administration – Meaning, Principles, Functions and importance; Institutional building; POSDCORB, CPM, PERT, Management as a system, SWOT analysis; Taylorism; Administration as a process, Administration as a bureaucracy; Human relations approach to Administration; Organisational compliance, Organinsational development, Organisational climate. 34. Leadership in Educational Administration: Meaning and Nature; Approaches to leadership: Trait, Transformational, Transactional, Value based, Cultural, Psychodynamic and Charismatic; Models of Leadership (Blake and Mouton’s Managerial Grid, Fiedler’s Contingency Model, Tri-dimensional Model, Hersey and Blanchard’s Model, Leader-Member Exchange Theory). 35. Concept of Quality and Quality in Education: Indian and International perspective; Evolution of Quality: Inspection, Quality Control, Quality Assurance, Total Quality Management (TQM), Six sigma; Quality Gurus: Walter Shewart, Edward Deming, C.K Pralhad. 36. Change Management: Meaning, Need for Planned change, Three- Step-Model of Change (Unfreezing, Moving, Refreezing); The Japanese Models of Change: Just-in-Time, Poka yoke; Cost of Quality: Appraisal Costs, Failure costs and Preventable costs, Cost Benefit Analysis, Cost Effective Analysis; Indian and International Quality Assurance Agencies: Objectives, Functions, Roles and Initiatives (National Assessment Accreditation Council [NAAC], Performance Indicators, Quality Council of India [QCI] , International Network for Quality Assurance Agencies in Higher Education [INQAAHE]). 37. Inclusive Education: Concept, Principles, Scope and Target Groups (Diverse learners; Including Marginalized group and Learners with Disabilities); Evolution of the Philosophy of Inclusive Education: Special, Integrated, Inclusive Education; Legal Provisions: Policies and Legislations (National Policy of Education (1986), Programme of Action of Action (1992), Persons with Disabilities Act (1995), National Policy of Disabilities (2006), National Curriculum Framework (2005), Concession and Facilities to Diverse Learners (Academic and Financial), Rehabilitation Council of India Act (1992), Inclusive Education under Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA), Features of UNCRPD (United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities) and its Implication. 38. Concept of Impairment, Disability and Handicap; Classification of Disabilities based on ICF Model; Readiness of School and Models of Inclusion; Prevalence, Types, Characteristics and Educational Needs of Diverse learners’ Intellectual, Physical and Multiple Disabilities; Causes and prevention of disabilities; Identification of Diverse Learners for Inclusion; Educational Evaluation Methods, Techniques and Tools. 39. Planning and Management of Inclusive Classrooms: Infrastructure, Human Resource and Instructional Practices; Curriculum and Curricular Adaptations for Diverse Learners; Assistive and Adaptive Technology for Diverse learners: Product (Aids and Appliances) and Process (Individualized Education Plan, Remedial Teaching); Parent- Professional Partnership: Role of Parents, Peers, Professionals, Teachers, School. 40. Barriers and Facilitators in Inclusive Education: Attitude, Social and Educational; Current Status and Ethical Issues of inclusive education in India; Research Trends of Inclusive Education in India.

History Notes For Assistant Professor Ugc Nta Net Exam

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Author : Mocktime Publication
language : en
Publisher: by Mocktime Publication
Release Date : 101-01-01

History Notes For Assistant Professor Ugc Nta Net Exam written by Mocktime Publication and has been published by by Mocktime Publication this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 101-01-01 with Study Aids categories.

Syllabus: 1. Food Science and Nutrition Fundamentals: Exploring food science and nutrition, the physical and chemical properties of food, and methods for both objective and subjective quality evaluation of foods. 2. Food Processing, Preservation, and Additives: Understanding the effects of cooking and processing techniques on nutritional components and other physical parameters, alongside food preservation principles and application, food pigments, and food additives. 3. Food Safety, Standards, and Service Perspectives: Covering food standards, microbiological safety of food, HACCP, food packaging, and the perspectives of food service including menu planning, food cost analysis, and new product development with a focus on nano technology. 4. Institutional Food Service Management and Research Ethics: Examining food service management of institutional level (hospital, educational institutions, social and special institutions), and introducing fundamental issues, concept, need relevance, scope and ethics in research. 5. Core Concepts in Nutrition and Dietetics: Delving into food groups, the balanced diet, food pyramid, macro and micro nutrition, the role of nutrients in the body, nutrient deficiencies, and requirements for Indians. 6. Applied Nutrition Across Lifespan and Special Conditions: Addressing public health nutrition, nutrition through life span (physiological changes, growth and development from conception to adolescence, nutritional needs and dietary guidelines for adequate nutrition through life cycle, nutrition concerns), community nutrition, sports nutrition, and nutrition in emergencies and disasters. 7. Nutritional Assessment, Intervention, and Therapeutic Nutrition: Focusing on nutritional assessment-methods and techniques, nutritional intervention (national nutrition policies and programmes, food and nutrition security), and clinical and therapeutic nutrition. 8. Diet Counseling, Management, and Research in Nutrition: Exploring diet counseling and management practices, and research methods including research designs, and the principles and purpose of research. 9. Textile Fundamentals: Fibres, Yarns, and Weaves: Introducing textile terminologies (fibre, yarn, weave, fabric etc.), the classification of fibers, yarns and weaves, Identification of fibres and weaves, and the manufacturing process of major natural and manmade fibres, their properties and their end uses. 10. Fabric Construction, Finishes, and Coloration Techniques: Examining different methods of fabric construction (woven, knitted and non woven fabrics, their properties and end uses); the classification, processing and purposes of textiles finishes; and various methods of dyeing and printing including block printing, tie and dye, batik, roller printing, screen printing, discharge, heat transfer printing and digitized printing. 11. Traditional Indian Textiles and Quality Control in Textiles: Studying traditional textiles of India (embroidered textiles, printed textiles, woven textiles, dyed textiles of various regions in India), including Identification on the basis of fibre content, technique, motif, colour and designed; and understanding Textile Testing and quality control, the need of testing, sampling method, techniques of testing fibres, yarn, fabrics and garments, including testing of colour-fastness, shrinkage, pilling and GSM of fabrics. 12. Textiles and Environment, Recent Developments, and Textile Research Methods: Addressing textile and environment concerns (banned dyes, eco-friendly textiles, contamination and effluent treatment, Eco-label and eco marks); recent developments in textiles and apparels (nano textiles, technical textiles, occupational clothing, zero waste designing, up cycling and recycling); and exploring research methods including types of research (descriptive, survey, historical, qualitative, quantitative, analytical and action research). 13. Apparel Design Foundations: Measurements and Manufacturing Tools: Covering body measurements (procedure, need, figure types and anthropometry) and the equipments and tools used for manufacturing garments, including advancements and attachments used for sewing machine, and types of machines used and their parts. 14. Design Application in Apparel and Fashion Dynamics: Applying elements and principles of design and its application to apparel, including Illustrations and parts of garments; and understanding Fashion (Terminologies, fashion cycle, fashion theories, fashion adoption, fashion forecasting and factors affecting fashion). 15. Pattern Making Techniques and Apparel Manufacturing Processes: Detailing pattern making (drafting, draping and flat pattern making techniques, pattern alteration and dart manipulation techniques); and outlining apparel manufacturing (terminology used, seams, techniques and machines used, process of fabric to apparel manufacture). 16. Apparel Quality, Care, Selection, and Research in Apparel: Focusing on Apparel Quality testing (Quality standards and specification, Quality parameters and defects of fabrics and garments), care and maintenance of clothing (principles of washing, laundry agents, storage techniques case labels and symbols), selection of clothing for different age groups and selection of fabrics for different end uses; and introducing research methods including hypothesis testing, its types and scope. 17. Core Principles of Management and Family Resource Application: Introducing Management (concept, approaches, management of time, energy, money, space, motivating factors, motivation theories, decision making); and outlining functions of management (planning, supervision, controlling, organizing, evaluation) in relation to family life cycle-stages, and the availability and use of resources. 18. Resource Classification, Conservation, and Natural Resource Management: Detailing Resources (classification, characteristics, factors affecting use), resource conservation, time management, work simplification techniques, classes of change, and fatigue and its management; and covering management of natural resources (land, forest, water, air), water harvesting, municipal solid waste management, the concept of sustainable development, and SDGs. 19. Financial Management and Human Resource Development: Addressing money management (family income, types, supplementation, budgeting, household accounts, family savings and investment, tax implications); and Human resource management (functions, need, human resource development challenges, functions, manpower planning, training need assessment, training methodologies, training evaluation). 20. Consumer Issues, Protection, Entrepreneurship, and Sampling Research: Defining the Consumer (definition, role, rights and responsibilities), consumer behavior, consumer problems, education and empowerment; Consumer protection (consumer organization, cooperatives, alternative redressal, standardization, standard marks, quality control, buying aids, consumer legislation); Entrepreneurship (concept, process, barriers, entrepreneurial motivation, challenges, enterprise setting, project planning and appraisal, enterprise management); and research methods focusing on sampling techniques, types of sampling, sampling procedures, including probability and non probability sampling. 21. Fundamentals of Design and Colour in Interior Spaces: Exploring design fundamentals (elements of art, principles of design, principles of composition); and understanding Colour (dimensions of colour, psychological effects of colour, colour schemes, and factors affecting use of colour) in interior design. 22. Space Planning, Housing Needs, and Building Regulations: Covering space planning and design (housing need and important, principles of planning spaces, types of house plans, economy in construction, planning for different income groups); and detailing building regulations (norms and standards, zoning, housing for special groups and areas, housing finance). 23. Housing, Environment, and Energy Efficiency in Buildings: Addressing housing and environment (building materials- impact on environment, green rating systems, energy efficiency in buildings, energy auditing, indices of indoor comfort); and understanding Energy as a resource (conventional and non- conventional sources, renewable /nonrenewable energy, energy management, national efforts on energy conservation). 24. Product Design, Ergonomics, Furnishings, and Data Collection Tool Research: Examining product design (design thinking process, diffusion and innovation, design communication, ergonomic considerations); Ergonomics (significance, scope, anthropometry, man, machine, environment relationship, factors affecting physiological cost of work, body mechanics, functional design of work place, time and motion study, energy studies); Furniture and furnishing (historical perspectives, architectural styles, contemporary tends, wall finishes, window and window treatments); and research methods including selection and preparation of tools for data collection (questionnaire, interview, observation, measuring scales, ranking and measurement), and ensuring reliability and validity of tools. 25. Principles of Growth, Development, and Foundational Theories: Outlining the principles of growth and development, care during pregnancy and pre-natal and neonatal development; and introducing key theories of human development and behavior. 26. Early Childhood Care, Education, and Developmental Influences: Focusing on early childhood care and education and activities to promote holistic development; and analyzing the influence of family, peers, school, community and culture on personality development. 27. Addressing Special Needs, At-Risk Children, and Lifespan Development Stages: Covering children and persons with special needs (care and support, special education, prevention of disabilities, rehabilitation); Children at risk (child labour, street children, children of destitute, orphans, child abuse and trafficking); Adolescence and youth (changes, challenges and programs to promote optimal development); Adulthood (characteristics, changing roles and responsibilities in early and middle adulthood); and Aging (physical and psychological changes and care needs). 28. Research Methodology in Human Development: Variables and Selection: Introducing research methods pertinent to child/human development, with a specific focus on understanding types of variables and their selection. 29. Dynamics of Marriage, Family Relationships, and Family Welfare: Exploring the dynamics of marriage and family relationships; and discussing family welfare (approaches, programmes and challenges, role in national development). 30. Family Challenges, Conflict Resolution, and Educational Support: Addressing domestic violence, marital disharmony, conflict, resolution of conflict; and covering parent education, positive parenting, and community education, alongside family disorganization and single parent families. 31. Family Studies in Crisis, Human Rights, Counseling, and Lifespan Well-being: Examining family studies (family in crisis, family therapy, initiatives for child development); Human rights, rights of children, rights of women, status of women, and gender roles; Guidance and counseling across life span and for care givers; and promoting health and well being across life span development. 32. Research in Family Studies: Data Handling and Statistical Analysis: Focusing on research methods relevant to family studies, including data collection and classification, coding, tabulation, and the application of inferential and descriptive statistics. 33. Communication Fundamentals, Processes, and Theories: Covering the basics of communication (nature, characteristics, functions, process, models, elements, principles, barriers, perception, persuasion and empathy, types of communication, levels (settings) of communication transactions, process of listening); and communication systems and communication theories (human interaction theories, mass communication theories, message design theories, communication systems, culture and communication). 34. Development Concepts and the Role of Communication in Development: Explaining the concept of development (theories, models, measurement and indicators of development); concept of development communication (models and approaches, diffusion and innovation, mass media, social marketing); and the role of communication in development (need and importance, development journalism, writing for development-print, radio, television and internet). 35. Key Concerns and Strategies in Development Communication: Addressing concerns of development communication (gender, health, environment, sustainability, human rights, population, literacy, rural and tribal development); and exploring advocacy and behavior change communication (concept, theories, models, approaches, application and challenges). 36. Media for Development, Relevant Organizations, and Data Analysis Research: Utilizing traditional, modern and new media for development (folk forms of songs, art, dance, theatre, puppetry, advertisement, cinema, ICTs for development-community radio, participatory video, social media and mobile phones); identifying Organisation/agencies/institutes working for development communication (international/ national/state and local); and research methods involving analysis of data through parametric and non parametric tests. 37. Extension Education: History, Principles, and Programme Management: Discussing historical perspectives of extension (genesis of extension education and extension systems in India and other countries, objectives of extension education and extension service, philosophy and principles of extension programme development); and detailing Programme management (need assessment, situation analysis, planning, organization, implementation, monitoring and evaluation). 38. Extension Methods, Materials, Curriculum, and Lifelong Education: Covering extension methods and materials (interpersonal, small and large group methods, audiovisual aids-need, importance, planning, classification, preparation and field testing, use and evaluation of audio-visual materials); Curriculum development and planning for extension education and development activities, using Bloom’s taxonomy of educational objectives and learning; and Non-Formal, adult and lifelong education (historical perspectives, concept, theories, approaches, scope, methods and materials used, challenges of implementation and evaluation, issues to be addressed). 39. Human Resource Development, Community Organization, and Participatory Approaches in Extension: Focusing on Training, skill development and capacity building for human resource development (methods of training, entrepreneurship development); Community development (perspectives, approaches, community organization, leadership, support structures for community development, Panchyati raj institutions, NGOs and community based organisations); and People’s participation and stakeholders’ perspectives, including Participatory Learning and Action (methods and techniques). 40. Development Programmes in India and Research Reporting in Extension: Surveying development programmes in India for urban, rural and tribal population groups (programmes for nutrition, health, education, wage and self employment, women’s development, skill development, sanitation and infrastructure); and research methods focused on scientific report writing, presentation of data, and its interpretation and discussion.

Folk Literature Notes For Assistant Professor Ugc Nta Net Exam

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Author : Mocktime Publication
language : en
Publisher: by Mocktime Publication
Release Date : 101-01-01

Folk Literature Notes For Assistant Professor Ugc Nta Net Exam written by Mocktime Publication and has been published by by Mocktime Publication this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 101-01-01 with Study Aids categories.

Syllabus: 1. Forensic Science Fundamentals: Definition, History & Development, Scope, Ethics in Forensic Science, and Concept of quality control management in Forensic institutions. 2. Physical & Trace Evidence Management: Physical Evidence: Nature, Types, Search methods, Collection, Preservation, Packing & Forwarding of Physical & Trace evidence for forensic analyses, and Chain of Custody. 3. Crime Scene and Initial Investigations: Crime Scene: Nature, Types, Preservation of Scene of Crime; and Criminal Investigations involving Unnatural deaths, Criminal assaults, Sexual offences, Poisoning, Vehicular accidents. 4. Legal Framework for Forensic Experts: Courts: Types, powers, jurisdiction, Admissibility of evidence in Courts, Definition of Experts, Provisions in Cr.P.C.,1973 & Indian Evidence Act relating to experts & their reports. 5. Court Procedures and Forensic Organizations: Court Procedures pertaining to Expert Testimony & Witness; Organization of Forensic Science Laboratories of Centre and State, NCRB and NICFS. 6. Constitutional Rights and Investigative Profiling: Fundamental Rights: Right of Equality (Articles 14 to 18) and Right of Freedom (Articles 19 to 22) as per Constitution of India; Criminal Profiling: Profile of victim and culprit, its role in crime investigation. 7. Advanced Investigative Techniques: Lie detection (Polygraphy), Narco analysis, Brain mapping, including their scope and limitations. 8. Microscopic Examination Techniques: Microscopy: Polarizing, Comparison, Stereoscopic, Fluorescent and Electron Microscopes. 9. Spectrophotometric and Activation Analysis: Spectrophotometry: UV, Visible, IR, Raman, Atomic absorption, Emission; and Neutron Activation Analysis. 10. X-ray Based Techniques and Mass Spectroscopy: X – rays and x-ray based techniques such as XRD, XRF; and Mass Spectroscopy. 11. Chromatographic and Hyphenated Analytical Methods: Chromatographic Techniques: TLC, GLC, HPLC, HPTLC; and Hyphenated Techniques: GC-MS, LC-MS, IR-MS and ICP-MS. 12. Electrophoretic and Immunoassay Techniques: Electrophoresis: High and Low voltage electrophoresis, Immunoelectrophoresis; and Immunoassays: Principle, Types, Techniques and applications. 13. Blood Evidence Analysis: Detection and Identification of Blood stains, Determination of Species of Origin, Blood Group Systems, and Techniques of Determination of Blood groups of Blood Stains. 14. Body Fluid Analysis and Serology: Detection of Seminal and other body fluids and their Blood Grouping, Red cells Enzymes, and Serum Proteins of forensic significance. 15. Parentage and Genetic Identification: Disputed Paternity & Maternity; DNA: Structure, DNA as genetic marker, DNA Extraction and Profiling Techniques. 16. Advanced DNA Applications and Wildlife Forensics: DNA Phenotyping and RNA Profiling & their applications; Wild life Forensics: Wild life (Protection) Act,1972, Scope, Evidences and Identification. 17. Alcohol and Illicit Liquor Analysis: Analysis of Ethyl alcohol in beverages, liquors, biological fluids and breath; Analysis of Methanol and Denaturants; and Illicit liquors. 18. Trap Case Chemicals and Drug Analysis: Analysis of Chemicals in Trap Cases; Metabolism and Chemical examination of: Insecticides & Pesticides, Tranquillizers & Sedatives, Hypnotics Stimulants, Narcotics, Opiates, Drugs of abuse, including Analyses of above and their Toxicity. 19. Poisons Examination: Examination of Plant poisons and Metallic Poisons. 20. Toxicological Extraction and Identification: Extraction, Isolation & Clean-up procedures, and Identification of common poisons from viscera, tissues and body fluids. 21. Firearms and Ammunition Fundamentals: Fire arms: Types, Classification, Ammunition and their Compositions. 22. Forensic Firearms Examination: Forensic examination of Firearms, Ammunition, Firearms’ projectiles (Bullets, Shots, Slug etc.), Shell case. 23. Gunshot Residue and Ballistics Concepts: Gunshot residues analysis; Concept of Velocity, Penetration, Dispersion, Ricochet, Accidental Discharge, Determination of Range in firearm cases. 24. Specialized Firearm Examinations and Ballistics: Examination of Country made firearms; Basics of Internal, External and Terminal Ballistics. 25. Tool Marks and Mark Restoration: Tool marks: Meaning, Types and Examination; Restoration of Erased Markings on Metal Surfaces. 26. Arson and Explosives Analysis: Fire and Arson: Analyses of Petroleum Products and other incendiary materials; Explosives: Definition, Types and Analyses. 27. Bomb and Explosion Scene Investigation: Bombs: Country made bombs, Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs) and their examination; Investigation in Explosion and Arson related cases. 28. Forensic Photography: Photography: Types, application in criminal investigation & Forensic evidence examination. 29. Microtrace Evidence - Hair, Fibers, Pollen, Diatoms: Hair & Fibers: Nature, Types, Structure and Examination; Pollens and Diatoms: Their application in Forensic investigation. 30. Microtrace Evidence - Dust, Soil, Paint, Lacquer, Varnishes: Dust & Soil: Nature, Types, Forensic Examination; Paint, Lacquer & Varnishes: Nature, composition and forensic examination. 31. Microtrace Evidence - Glass, Cement, Mortar, Concrete: Glass: Composition, Types, Fractures, Examination; Cement, Mortar and Concrete: General Composition, Forensic Analysis. 32. Digital Forensics - Computers and Mobile Devices: Computer Forensics: Introduction, Types of Computer crimes, Digital evidence- Seizure, Acquisition and Forensic examination; Mobile Phone Forensics. 33. Fingerprint Analysis: Fingerprints: History, Characteristics, Types, Classification, Preservation, Development, Lifting and Comparison, Examination of Chance Prints, Computerization of Fingerprints, AFIS. 34. Track Marks and Biometric Identification: Track Marks: Foot Prints, Shoe Prints, Tire Marks, Their Preservation & Casting, Comparison, Skid marks. Gait pattern; Biometric Systems of Identification and its relevance. 35. Voice Analysis Techniques: Voice Analysis: Introduction, Significance, Structure of Human Voice apparatus, Voice spectrography, Voice analysis, Legal aspects and limitations. 36. Document Examination Basics and Alterations: Documents: Definition, Types, Preliminary examination of documents; Reproduction of documents through photographic and mechanical means and their examination; Examination of Alterations such as Erasures, Obliterations & Additions; Indentations, Secret writings and Charred documents. 37. Materials Analysis in Document Examination: Inks, Papers and their scientific examinations with modern methods; Age of documents; Examination of Typescripts, Printed matter including currency notes and lottery tickets. Mechanical impressions. 38. Handwriting Analysis: Hand writings: Class and Individual characteristics of Handwritings, Factors affecting handwritings, Standard samples for comparison, Comparison of hand-written texts; Anonymous and disguised writings. 39. Signature Forgery and Secure Document Examination: Identification of hand writings, signatures, detection of forged signature and forgeries; Examination of Credit Cards and Similar materials. 40. Medicolegal Death Investigation and Bodily Evidence: Modes & Manner of deaths, Sexual offences and its medicolegal importance, Amendments in law related to sexual offences; Post – mortem examination and Post – mortem changes, Estimation of time since death; Injuries & Wounds: Types, Medicolegal importance, Gunshot wounds; Determination of Species of Origin, Sex, Age, Stature, and individual identification through skeletal remains; Identification through Skull superimposition and facial reconstruction; Human dentition, Type of teeth, determination of Age, Bite marks; Forensic Entomology: Introduction, Insects of forensic importance, Insects on Carrion, Forensic applications.

Anthropology Notes For Assistant Professor Ugc Nta Net Exam

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Author : Mocktime Publication
language : en
Publisher: by Mocktime Publication
Release Date : 101-01-01

Anthropology Notes For Assistant Professor Ugc Nta Net Exam written by Mocktime Publication and has been published by by Mocktime Publication this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 101-01-01 with Study Aids categories.

Syllabus: 1. Introduction to Anthropology & Research Foundations: History, development, aim, and scope of Anthropology; its relationship with other sciences; different branches of Anthropology (including Linguistic Anthropology) and their interrelationship; Research methodology and methods: Concepts of epistemology, ontology, and theoretical perspectives; Types of research (qualitative and quantitative), research design, hypothesis. 2. Fieldwork Traditions & Core Methods: Fieldwork and fieldwork tradition; Ethnography, Observation, Interview, Case Study, Life History, Focus group, PRA (Participatory Rural Appraisal), RRA (Rapid Rural Appraisal), Genealogical Method. 3. Advanced Field Methods & Data Collection: Schedules and Questionnaires, Grounded Theory, Exploration and Excavation, GIS (Geographic Information Systems). 4. Statistical Analysis & Interpretation Techniques: Statistics: concept of variables, sampling, measures of central tendency and dispersion; Parametric and nonparametric bivariate and multivariate (linear regression and logistic regression) statistical tests; Techniques of Analysis: Content analysis, Discourse analysis, and Narratives. 5. Theories of Evolution & Primate Radiation: Lamarckism, Neo-Lamarckism, Darwinism, Neo-Darwinism, Synthetic theory, neutral theory of molecular evolution; Concept of cladogenesis and anagenesis, punctuated equilibrium, selection; Trends in Primate radiation. 6. Primate Diversity & Characteristics: Primate classification and distribution of extinct and extant species; Characteristics of primates: morphological (hair), skeletal (cranial, post cranial, dental, brain), physical (opposability of thumb), locomotion (quadrupedalism, brachiation and bipedalism) and posture, Primate social behaviour; Extant Primates Distribution, characteristics and classification: Prosimii (Tarsiioidea, Lorisoidea, Lemuroidea), Anthropoidea (Ceboidea, Cercopithecoidea, Hominoidea); Morphological and anatomical characteristics of Human, Chimpanzee, Gorilla, Orangutan and Gibbon. 7. Fossil Primates & Early Hominin Evolution: Fossils of extinct Primates Oligocene-Miocene fossils – Parapithecus; Gigantopithecus, Aegyptopithecus, Dryopithecus, Ramapithecus and Sivapithecus; Pre-hominid groups: Sahelanthropus tchadensis (Toumai), Orrorin tugenensis, Ardipithecus ramidus; Early Hominids: Australopithecus afarensis, Australopithecus ramidus, Australopithecus africanus, Australopithecus (Paranthropous) boisei, Australopithecus (Paranthropous) robustus, Australopithecus bahrelghazali; Early Transitional Human: Homo habilis. 8. Homo Erectus, Archaic & Modern Humans: Hominid Evolution Characteristics and distribution of Homo erectus in general, Special reference to the fossil evidences discovered from Africa (Turkana boy), Asia (Java man and Peking man), Europe (Dmanisi), Homo floresiensis (Dwarf variety); Characteristics of Archaic sapiens with special reference to Europe (Homo heidelbergensis), Africa (Rhodesian Man), Asia (China, Jinniushan; India, Narmada Man); Neandertal man: Distribution, salient features and phylogenetic position; Characteristics of anatomically Modern Homo sapiens with special reference to Africa (Omo), Europe (Cro-magnon, Chancelade, Grimaldi), Asia (Jinniushan) and Australia (Lake Mungo); Dispersal of modern humans: Out of Africa hypothesis, Multiregional hypothesis, Partial Replacement hypothesis. 9. Modern Human Variation & Indian Populations: Modern Human Variation: Typological Model, Populational Model and Clinal Model; overview of Classification proposed by Blumenbach, Deniker, Hooton, Coon, Garn and Birdsell; Ethnic Classification and distribution of Indian Populations: H.H. Risley; B. S. Guha; S. S. Sarkar; Linguistic distribution of ethnic groups. 10. Human Genetics Study Methods & Cytogenetics: Methods of studying Human Genetics: Cytogenetics, Mendelian Genetics, Twin Genetics, Sib Pair methods, Population Genetics, Molecular Genetics; Cytogenetics: cell cycle, standard karyotyping and banding techniques (G, C and Q), chromosomal abnormalities, fluorescent in situ hybridization, Lyon’s hypothesis, importance of telomere and centromere; Linkage and chromosome mapping, genetic imprinting. 11. Modes of Inheritance & Polygenic Traits: Modes of inheritance: Autosomal (dominant, recessive, codominance), sex linked, sex influenced, sex limited, modifying genes, suppressor genes, selfish gene, multiple allelic inheritance, multifactorial inheritance (stature and skin colour), polygenic (dermatoglyphics- Finger-ball Pattern types, Dankmeijer’s Index, Furuhata’s Index and Pattern Intensity Index, Total Finger Ridge Count, Absolute Finger Ridge Count, Palmar formula and mainline index, transversality, atd angle and flexion creases). 12. Population & Molecular Genetics: Population genetics: Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, definition and application; mating patterns (random, assortative and consanguineous), inbreeding coefficient, genetic load, genetic isolate, genetic drift, genetic distance); genetic polymorphism (balanced and transient); Molecular genetics: DNA, RNA, genetic code, protein structure and synthesis, concepts of RFLPs, VNTRs, STRs, and SNPs, Mitochondrial DNA, genic and genomic mutations. 13. Human Growth, Development & Maturation: Human Growth, development and maturation: definition, concepts; Basic principles of growth; phases of growth: Prenatal and postnatal (growth and development of different body parts, subcutaneous tissues and physiological variables); Growth curves: Velocity, Distance, Acceleration and Scammon’s Growth curve; Catch up and Catch down growth; Aging and senescence with special reference to somatic, skeletal and dental maturation. 14. Factors in Growth, Study Methods & Body Composition: Factors affecting growth: Genetic and Environmental; Secular trends in growth; Methods of studying human growth: Longitudinal, Cross-sectional, Mixed longitudinal, Linked longitudinal; Body composition: Bone mass, body mass, percentage of body fat, segmental fat, body age. 15. Human Adaptation & Somatotyping: Human Adaptation: Allen’s and Bergmann’s rule; Human Adaptability Programme; human adaptation to heat, cold, high altitude; Somatotyping: Concept, Development (Kretschmer, Sheldon, Parnoll, Health-Carter) and its application. 16. Demography & Anthropological Demography: Demography: Multidisciplinary nature of demography and its relation with other disciplines; Relationship between demography and anthropological demography; Fertility (concept and determinants), Morbidity and mortality (concept and determinants), Migration (concept and determinants), Selection intensity. 17. Prehistoric Archaeology Concepts, Paradigms & Dating: Concept of prehistoric archaeology; ethno-archaeology, experimental archaeology, environmental archaeology, settlement archaeology, cognitive archaeology, geo-archaeology, action archaeology; Theoretical paradigms – descriptive to scientific period to interpretative period; Dating: Typology, seriation, geo-archaeological, obsidian hydration, chemical dating of bones, oxygen isotope, fluorine estimation, dendrochronology, radio-carbon, fission track, thermoluminescence, potassium-argon, varve clay, cross dating, amino acid racemization, palaeomagnetic. 18. Paleoenvironment & Site Formation: Paleoenvironment: Major geological stages (Tertiary, Quaternary, Pleistocene, Holocene); Major climatic changes during Pleistocene and post Pleistocene periods, glacial and interglacial periods, ice age, pluvial and inter-pluvial climatic phases; Evidences of quarternary climatic changes (moraines, varve, river terraces, loess, sea level changes, beach sequences, sea core, fluviatile deposits, palynology, palaeontology); Site formation. 19. Lithic Tool Typology & Technology: Lithic tool typology and technology: Lower Palaeolithic (pebble tools, chopper and chopping tools, bifaces, handaxes and cleavers); Middle Palaeolithic (Clactonean, Levalloisian and Mousterian flakes, discoid cores, tortoise core, fluted core, scrapers, point); Upper Palaeolithic (blade, knife, blunted back, borer, burin, points); Mesolithic (microliths); Neolithic (ring stone, grind stone, celt, adze). 20. European Lithic Cultures & Near East Neolithic: Overview of Lithic Cultures of Europe: Lower Palaeolithic: Acheulian culture; Middle Palaeolithic: Mousterian culture; Upper Palaeolithic: Perigordian, Chatelperronian, Gravettian, Aurignacian, Solutrian, Magdalenian; Mesolithic: Azilian, Tardenoisean, Maglamosean, Kitchen Midden, Natufian; Early Farming Cultures and Neolithic of the Near East: Sites like Jericho, Jarmo, Çatal Huyuk, Shanidar. 21. Indian Palaeolithic Cultures: Lower Palaeolithic Period in India Pebble tool culture: Soan Acheulian culture: Madrasian (Kortalayar Valley), Attirmpakkam, Didwana, Belan Valley, Bhimbetka, Chirki-Nevasa, Hunsgi, Krishna Valley; Importance of Hathnora, Narmada valley; Middle Palaeolithic period in India: Belan valley, Bhimbetka, Nevasa, Narmada valley; Upper Palaeolithic period in India: Renigunta, Billa Surgam, Patne, Bhimbetka, Son and Belan Valleys, Visadi, Pushkar, Gunjan Valley. 22. Indian Mesolithic & Neolithic Periods: Mesolithic period in India: Mesolithic economy and society; Post Pleistocene environmental changes; Development in microlithic technology, composite tools and bows and arrows; Sites include Bagor, Tilwara, Langhnaj, Adamgarh, Bagor, Chopani Mando, Bhimbetka, Sarai Nahar Rai, Birbhanpur; Neolithic Period in India: Economic and social consequences of food production; Settlements, population growth, craft specializations, class formation and political institutions; Sites like Burzahom, Gufkral, Ahar, Gilund, Nagada, Kayatha, Navdatoli, Eran, Nevasa, Chandoli, Daimabad, Inamgaon, Prakash, Maski, Brahmagiri, Sangankallu, Tekkalkota, Piklihal, Nagarjunakonda, Daojali Hading, Kuchai, Sarutadu. 23. Prehistoric Art, Indus Civilization & Pottery Traditions in India: Prehistoric Cave art from India: Bhimbetka, Adamgarh; Indus Civilization: Expansion of village sites; Development of metal technology, art and writing; Architecture and city planning; Stages and theories of decline; Sites like Amri, Kot Diji, Kalibangan, Mohenjodaro, Harappa, Lothal, Dholavira, Rakhigarhi; Pottery and Traditions: Ochre Coloured Pottery (OCP), Black and Red ware, Painted Grey Ware (PGW), Northern Black Polished Ware (NBP); Distribution of the pottery types and period. 24. Bronze/Copper Age, Iron Age & Megaliths in India: Bronze/Copper Age: General characteristics, distribution, people; Iron Age and Urban Revolution: General characteristics, distribution, people; Megaliths: concept and types (menhir, dolmen, topical, cist, cairn circle, sarcophagi). 25. Core Concepts in Social Anthropology (Culture & Society): Conceptual Understanding of Social Anthropology: Culture: Attributes, Holism, Universals, Acculturation, Enculturation, Transculturation, Culture Change, Culture Shock, Cultural Relativism, Civilization, Folk-Urban Continuum, Great and Little Tradition, Cultural Pluralism and World-View; Society: Groups, Institutions, Associations, Community, Status and Role; Incest; Endogamy and Exogamy; Rites of passage. 26. Social Institutions (Family & Marriage): Social Institutions: Family: Definitions, universality of the family; Typological and Processual methods of studying the family; Types of family – conjugal-natal, consanguineal, nuclear, joint, extended; Rules of residence – Patrilocal, Matrilocal, Ambilocal, Bilocal, Neolocal, Avunculocal, Virilocal, Amitalocal, Uxorilocal; Functions of family, Trends of change – urbanization, globalization, industrialization, feminist movements; Marriage: Definition, universality, types and functions (monogamy, polygamy – polyandry, polygyny, hypogamy, hypergamy, levirate, sororate); Preferential and Prescriptive types; Types and forms of marital transactions – bride price and dowry; Marriage as exchange. 27. Social Institutions (Kinship, Economic & Legal Anthropology): Kinship: Definition, Descent, kinship terminology, matrilineal puzzle; Joking and avoidance; moiety, phratry, clan and lineage; Types of kinship systems; Economic Anthropology: Definition and relationship with Anthropology and Economy; Theories (Malinowski, Formal, Substantivist, Marxist); Livelihoods, Subsistence, Principles of production, distribution, consumption; division of labour in hunting-gathering, pastoral, swidden and agricultural communities; Exchange, reciprocity, gifts and barter systems; Kula, Potlatch and Jajmani – Anthropological explanations; Legal Anthropology: Anthropology of Law, Social Sanctions. 28. Political Organization, Religion, Belief Systems & Social Change: Political Organization: Definitions, political processes in band, tribe, chiefdom and state systems; Conflicts and social control; Nations and Nation-state, democracy; Religion and Belief Systems: Definitions, animism, animatism, manaism, bongaism, totemism, taboo; Religious specialists – witch, shaman, priest, medicine-man, sorcerer; Magic – definitions, types, approaches; Rituals; Social Change: Basic ideas and concepts (Assimilation, Integration, Syncretism, Dominance and Subjugation), Approaches. 29. Classical Anthropological Theories: Theories in Social Anthropology: Evolutionism – Tylor, Morgan, Fraser, Maine, McLennan; Diffusionism – Three schools (Austro-German, British, American); Historical Particularism – Boas; Functionalism – Malinowski; Structural-Functionalism – Radcliffe-Brown, Firth, Fortes, Eggan, Parsons. 30. Mid-20th Century Anthropological Theories: Structuralism – Levi-Strauss; Culture and Personality/Psychological Anthropology – Mead, Benedict, DuBois, Linton, Kardiner, Whiting and Child; Cultural Ecology, Environmental Anthropology, Neo-evolutionism (Leslie White, Julian Steward, Marshall Sahlins). 31. Later 20th Century Anthropological Theories I: Cultural Materialism – Marvin Harris; Symbolic Anthropology – Victor Turner, Raymond Firth, Mary Douglas; Cognitive Anthropology – Roy D’Andrade, Stephen Tyler, Ward Goodenough. 32. Contemporary & Critical Anthropological Theories: Deep Ethnography, Interpretive Anthropology – Clifford Geertz; Anthropology and Gender – Leela Dube, Renato Rosaldo, Marilyn Strathern, Zora Neale Hutson; Postmodernism, Poststructuralism, Postcolonialism – Foucault, Derrida, Bourdieu; Ethnicity – Barth, Jeffery, Weber. 33. Development of Indian Anthropology & Social Concepts: Stages in the Development of Indian Anthropology Concepts: Social Stratification (eg. Caste), Scheduled Caste (SC), Dalit, OBC, Nomadic Groups; Revivalist/Nativist movements, Peasant movements (Malabar and Telengana movements). 34. Tribal Studies in India & Constitutional Safeguards: Tribe, Scheduled Tribe (ST), Particularly Vulnerable Groups (PVTGs), Tribal movements (Birsa and Naga movements), Tribal Development, Distribution; Constitutional Safeguards for SC and ST, Inclusion and Exclusion. 35. Indian Village Studies, Local Governance & Theoretical Ideas: Indian Village and Village Studies in India (S.C. Dube, McKim Marriott, Weiser, Scarlett Epstein, M.N. Srinivas, F.G. Bailey); Panchayati Raj Institutions and other traditional community political organizations, Self-Help Groups (SHGs); Theoretical ideas: Sanskritization, Westernization, Modernization, Globalization, Sacred Complex, Nature-Man-Spirit Complex. 36. Early Indian Anthropologists & Their Contributions: Early Indian Anthropologists and their contributions: G.S. Ghurye, B.S. Guha, S.C. Roy, Iravati Karve, L.P. Vidyarthi, S.C. Dube, M.N. Srinivas, N.K. Bose, Surajit Sinha, D.N. Majumdar, S.R.K. Chopra, Verrier Elwin, S.S. Sarkar, Dharani Sen, T.C. Das, P.C. Biswas. 37. Applied & Specialized Anthropological Fields: Concepts and Theories: Applied Anthropology, Action Anthropology, Engaged Anthropology, Experimental Anthropology, Urban Anthropology, Public Anthropology, Public Archaeology, Anthropology of Development, Medical Anthropology, Visual Anthropology, Genomic Studies, Genetic Screening and Counseling, Forensic Anthropology, Food and Nutritional Anthropology, Ergonomics, Kinanthropometry, Business Anthropology. 38. Community Development Projects & Intervention Processes: Community Development Projects (Rural, Urban and Tribal); Revisits, Re-studies, Reinterpretations, Intervention, Research Process and Social Impact Assessment (SIA). 39. Anthropological Approaches in Community Studies & Issues: Anthropological approaches in community studies: public health, education, nutrition, land alienation, bonded labour, housing, alternative economy, livelihood, gender issues, relief, rehabilitation and relocation, identity crisis, communication, training and management, aging and the aged. 40. Development Strategies, NGOs & Empowerment: Development Strategies (Plan/Sub Plan); Role of NGOs in Development; Anthropology and NGOs; Empowerment of Women, LGBT groups.

Comparative Literature Notes For Assistant Professor Ugc Nta Net Exam

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Author : Mocktime Publication
language : en
Publisher: by Mocktime Publication
Release Date : 101-01-01

Comparative Literature Notes For Assistant Professor Ugc Nta Net Exam written by Mocktime Publication and has been published by by Mocktime Publication this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 101-01-01 with Study Aids categories.

Syllabus: 1. Religious Authority: Tradition, magician, diviner, scripture, seer, saint, reformer, founder, prophet. 2. Nature of Vedic Religion and Culture. 3. Vedic Literature – Samhita-s, Aranyak-s, Upanisad-s. 4. Shaivism, Vaishnavism, Shaktism, Tantraism, etc. 5. Six Systems of Hindu Philosophy – Sankhya, Yoga, Nyaya, Vaisheshika, Mimamsa, and Vedanta. 6. Epics (Ramayana, Mahabharata) and Purana-s. 7. Bhakti and Reform Movements of the Medieval Period and Modern Reform Movements (Brahmosamaja, Aryasamaja, Ramakrishna Mission, etc.). 8. Sramana Culture and Tirthankara Tradition (Rsabhadeva to Mahavira). 9. Main Sects of Jainism – Digambara and Svethambara and Prakrit Agama Literature and Prominent Acaryas. 10. Basic Doctrines, Principles and Philosophy [of Jainism]. 11. Contribution to Arts and Arhitecture [by Jainism]. 12. Social Aspects of Jainism and Contemporary Developments of Jainism. 13. Jain Pilgrimage and Jain Festivals. 14. Background, Life and Teaching of Gautama Buddha. 15. Pali Tipitaka Literature and Mahayana Sutra-s and Main Sects – Hinayana, Mahayana, etc. 16. Basic Doctrines, Principles and Philosophy [of Buddhism]. 17. Contribution to Arts and Architecture [by Buddhism] and Expansion of Buddhism Outside India. 18. Social Aspects and Revival of Buddhism. 19. Origin and Development [of Judaism]: Creation, the Call of Abraham, the Call of Moses, the Exodus, the Covenant on Mount Sinai. 20. Hebrew Scripture: Pentateuch (Torah), Prophets (Nibium), Writings (Ketubium). 21. Jewish Beliefs: Ten Commandments, Talmud, Midrash, Passover, Messiah, etc. and Jewish Celebration: Sabbath, Synagogue Assembly, Passover, Feast of Weeks, Feast of Tabernacles. 22. Jewish Ethics: Covenant consciousness, Mosaic Laws, Jubilee stipulations, marriage and family. 23. Importance of Jerusalem and Major Denomination of Judaism. 24. The Life and Message of Jesus Christ. 25. The beginning of Christianity and the Sermon on the Mount. 26. Old Testament and New Testament Scriptures and Main Christian Churches (Catholic, Orthodox, and Protestant). 27. Important Beliefs and Teachings of Christianity. 28. Christian Life: Worship, Rituals, and Mysticism and History of Christianity in India. 29. Contemporary Trends in Christian Theology. 30. The social, religious condition of Arabia before the advent of Islam. 31. Life of the Prophet Mohammad and the basic teachings of the Quran, the establishment of the Islamic community and the Madina state. 32. Introduction of Hadith and Fiqh and some important Muhaddith (Imam Bukhari, Imam Muslim) and Faqi (Imam Abu Hanifa, Imam Shafi, Imam Malki Imam Hanbal). 33. Some important Muslim thinkers: Ali ibn e Hazam, Abu Hamid al-Ghazali, ibn-e- Taimiyah and Shah Waliullah and Development of Sufism, some important Sufi order’s (Chishtiyah, Qadriayah, Suharwardiyah, Naqsbandiyah, and their impact on society. 34. Challenges of modernity and the reform movements among Muslim in India and Origin and development of sects: ithna Ashari, Mutazilites and Asharits. 35. The contribution of Medieval Islam to Rational sciences, philosophy and fine arts. 36. Socio-religious milieu and life and mission of Guru Nanak and Development of the Sikh Panth (1539-1708). 37. The Sikh Scripture (Sri Guru Granth Sahib) and the Sikh Literature. 38. The Sikh beliefs and the code of conduct. 39. The Sikh institutions, ceremonies and festivals and The Sikh sects and Modern socio-religious movements. 40. The Sikh diaspora and Modern Issues.