Indian Culture Notes For Assistant Professor Ugc Nta Net Exam

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Indian Culture Notes For Assistant Professor Ugc Nta Net Exam

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Author : Mocktime Publication
language : en
Publisher: by Mocktime Publication
Release Date : 101-01-01

Indian Culture Notes For Assistant Professor Ugc Nta Net Exam written by Mocktime Publication and has been published by by Mocktime Publication this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 101-01-01 with Study Aids categories.

Syllabus: 1. Meaning and concepts of Culture: encompassing Traditional and Modern concepts, alongside Notions of Culture in textual tradition, and anthropological, archaeological, and sociological understanding of the term culture. 2. Elements of Culture, the concept of Indianness, the value system, and the fundamental relation between culture and civilization. 3. Historiography and approaches to the study of Indian Culture: including Stereotypes, Objectivity and Bias, and Imperialist, Nationalist, Marxist, and Subaltern perspectives; also covering the Heritage of India and the world’s debt to Indian Culture. 4. Archaeological Sources for the Study of Indian Culture: cultural remains, Monuments, Numismatics, and Epigraphy. 5. Literary sources and Oral traditions; Foreign Accounts; and Archival sources as means for the Study of Indian Culture. 6. Pre-historic Stone age cultures, detailing palaeolithic, mesolithic, and neolithic periods, and Protohistoric cultures, including the chalcolithic horizon. 7. Harappan Culture: addressing current debates on nomenclature and scripts, and detailing Town planning and architecture, art, social, religious, and economic life. 8. The evolution of India’s main language families. 9. Early Vedic and later Vedic ideas and institutions: covering social, religious, economic, political, and scientific aspects. 10. Post Vedic developments: including Religious Movements, the emergence of states, Shramana traditions (Buddhism, Jainism, Ajivikas, and other sects), and the Education system and centres like Taxila and Kashi. 11. Mauryan and Post-Mauryan Ideas and Institutions: examining Social, Religious, Economic, and Political structures; Ashoka’s Dhamma; and Scripts like Brahmi and Kharosthi. 12. The Impact of Foreign Invasions on India; and the development of Art and Architecture during the Mauryan and Post-Mauryan periods. 13. Literature of the Mauryan and Post-Mauryan period: featuring Arthasashtra, Manusmriti, Natyashastra, Panchatantra, Buddhacharit, and Saundarananda; alongside Scientific Achievements of Nagarjuna, Sushruta, and Charaka. 14. The Education System and Centres during Mauryan and Post-Mauryan times; the Sangam Age, focusing on its Society and Culture; and India's Contacts with the outside world. 15. Gupta and Post-Gupta Ideas and Institutions: exploring social, religious, philosophical, economic, and political dimensions. 16. Scientific Achievements (Mathematics, Astronomy, Metallurgy) and Art and Architecture (evolution of Temples, Paintings of Ajanta and Bagh) during the Gupta and Post-Gupta period. 17. Literature of the Gupta and Post-Gupta era: Kalidasa, Banabhatta, Bharavi, Magha, Bhavabhuti, Dandi; Canonical Texts such as Vishnu Dharmottara Purana; the Education system and centres like Nalanda and Valabhi; and Contacts with the outside world. 18. Early Medieval Society: Legacies of Classical ideas, emergence of new trends, Proliferation of castes, outcastes, Vishti (forced labour), Slavery, and the Position of women; Polity characterized by feudalism; and Economy marked by de-urbanization and an agrarian system. 19. Religion in the Early Medieval Period: Vedic-Puranic traditions, Shramana tradition, Tantra, Bhakti movements; Philosophical thoughts including Shaddarshana; notable Philosophers like Shankara and Ramanuja; and the Pilgrimmage tradition. 20. Art and Architecture in Early Medieval India, featuring Nagara, Dravida, Bhumija, and Vesara styles; Education system and centres such as Vikramashila and Nalanda; and Scientific achievements in Mathematics and Astronomy. 21. Literature of the Early Medieval Period: Kalhana’s Rajatarangini and Al-Birunis’ Kitabul Hind; India's Contacts with Islam; and Canonical texts like Samaranganasutradhara, Manasara, Bhuvanapradeepa, and Sadhanamala. 22. Delhi Sultanate - Ideas and Institutions: Political structures like Iqta and the impact of the new ruling class on society; Economic aspects including market reforms, growth of new urban centres, percolation of Islam in rural areas, resistance and acceptance, and the Extent of slavery. 23. Religion in the Sultanate Period: Acharya traditions, the Bhakti tradition featuring Kabir and Ravidas, and the emergence of Sufism, particularly the Chishti and Suhrawardy orders. 24. Art and Architecture during the Sultanate Period: emergence of the Sultanate school of architecture and paintings, regional styles, and various religious and secular structures; Literature encompassing Sanskrit, Persian, Regional languages, and the emergence of Hindawi (Amir Khusrau, Chandabardai); and the Education system. 25. Vijay Nagar Empire: its Ideas and Institutions, particularly the political system of Nayankara; its Art and Architecture, Literature, and Educational institutions. 26. Mughal Ideas and Institutions: Polity aspects such as Mansab and Jagir, and Watan Jagir; Economic systems like Zamindari and Zabt; and Society, including the Aristocracy, emergence of middle classes, labourers, Slaves, and the Position of Women. 27. Religion and Philosophy in the Mughal Period: the growth of Vaishnava Bhakti, Panthiesm, and Sufi traditions like Sulh-i kul and Naqshabandis; key religious figures including Gurunanaka, Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, Meerabai, Narayanabhatta, and Raghunandana. 28. Literature during the Mughal Period: development in Sanskrit, Persian, and vernacular languages, featuring Tulasidasa, Suradasa, Abdur Rahim Khan-i-khanan, Abdul Fazl, Faizi, Badauni, and Banarasidas (Ardhakathanaka); and the Translation of religious texts by Akbar and Dara-Shukoh. 29. Art and Architecture in the Mughal era: Emergence of Mughal Schools; Temples of Vrindavan such as Gobinda Deva and Keshava Das Temple; and Four Quarter Gardens; Education, including the introduction of new education curricullum from Akbar’s period onwards (Dars-inizami), and religious syncretism in coinage, miniatures, and structures. 30. Science and Technology during the Mughal Period: Introduction of mechanical devices, pindrum gearing, and the astrolabe; Sawai Jai Singh’s observatories; and the Arrival of Europeans (Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch, English, French) and their impact. 31. Emergence of successor states and their cultural developments in the Modern Period: Awadh, Hyderabad, Mysore, Marathas, and Rajputana. 32. The Impact of Western ideas and Indian responses: European studies of India, including the work of William Jones and the Asiatic Society, Fort William College, and the influence of Christian missionaries. 33. The Emergence and Development of the New Education System during the Modern Period. 34. The Indian Cultural Renaissance and Socio-Religious reform movements: focusing on Reformists such as the Brahama Samaja, Aligarh Movement, Ramakrishna Mission, and Theosophical Society. 35. Revivalist movements like the Wahabi and Arya Samaj Movement; alongside Dalit Movements and Sikh reform movements. 36. Administrative Measures undertaken in the Modern Period: specifically legislation concerning women, education, and social evils. 37. Literature in the Modern Period: the emergence of Shahr Ashob as a genre. 38. Prominent Urdu literary figures (Mirza Ghalib, Allama Iqbal) and Hindi literary figures (Bhartendu Harishchand, Prem Chand) of the Modern Period. 39. Key Bengali literary figures (Bankim Chandra Chatterjee, Rabindranath Tagore, Qazi Nazrul Islam) of the Modern Period. 40. Science and Technology in the Modern Period: the emergence of modern science and technology.

Indian Knowledge System Notes For Assistant Professor Ugc Nta Net Exam

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Author : Mocktime Publication
language : en
Publisher: by Mocktime Publication
Release Date : 101-01-01

Indian Knowledge System Notes For Assistant Professor Ugc Nta Net Exam written by Mocktime Publication and has been published by by Mocktime Publication this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 101-01-01 with Study Aids categories.

Syllabus: 1. Caturda?a vidy?sth?na-s: The 14 branches of learning in ancient India, encompassing pur??a, ny?ya, m?m??s?, and dharma??stra, along with introductory information on them and on ??stra-s. 2. The Six Ved??ga-s: ?ik??, vy?kara?a, nirukta, chanda, jyoti?a, and kalpa, including their names, objectives, scientific nature, and some details, covering phonetics and grammar, and the scientific nature of pronunciation of sa?sk?ta and other Indian languages. 3. Veda-s and Pur??a-s: The four Veda-s (?gveda, yajurveda, s?maveda, and atharvaveda) and Upaveda-s with introductory information on them; The 18 pur???sa-s, their names, and the five general characteristics of pur??a-s: sarga, pratisarga, va??a, manvantara, and va???nucarita. 4. Indian Philosophical Systems (Part b Introduction & Dar?ana-s): Introduction to the subject of Indian Philosophical Systems part (b), including texts, authors, and their contribution to Indian preaching on dharma, artha, and Society; N?stika dar?ana: c?rv?ka, jaina, and bauddha dar?ana; ?stika dar?ana: ny?ya-vai???ika, s??khya and y?ga, p?rvam?m??s? and uttaram?m??s? (v?d?nta). 5. Ancient Indian Gurukula System: A study of n?land?, tak?a?il?, vikrama?il?, valabh?, ?dantapur?, mithil?, k?nc?, n?diy?, pu?pagiri, n?g?rjunak????, ??rad?p??ha (k??m?ra), ujjain, jagaddala aura s?mapura. 6. Tarka??stra (Logic and Epistemology): Pram??a-s, including pratyak?a, anumana, upam?na, ?abda, arth?patti, and anupalabdhi; Concepts of pram?t?, pram??a, prameya, and pram?; and the principles of sv?ta?prama?ya and parata? pram??ya. 7. Linguistic Philosophy in Tarka??stra: The powers of words: abhidh?, lak?a??, vyañjan?, t?tparya; Concepts of cause and fallacies: Hetu-lak?a?a and hetvabh?sa lak?a?a; and the Pa?ca adhikara?a System: vi?aya, sa??aya, p?rvapak?a, uttarapak?a, and sa?gati. 8. Dharma, Artha, and Puru??rtha-s: Indian preaching on Dharma, artha and Society; The four puru??rtha-s: dharma, artha, k?ma, and mok?a, with definitions of each; The meaning of dharma, its root and derivation, and definitions and meanings from various texts (mah?bh?rata, manusm?ti, vai?e?ika s?tra). 9. Aspects of Dharma and Artha: Types of dharma: k?mya, nitya, ni?iddha, naimittika, pr?ya?cita & up?san?; The meaning of the word artha as a puru??rtha, its root, derivation, and meaning. 10. Societal Outlook and Well-being: Societal outlook for t?rthay?tr?, festivals, saptapur?, 12 jyotirlinga-s, and the unity of India; Ways as advocated in IKS texts for happiness and wellbeing of all, including the concept of svasthav?tta. 11. Key Texts - Bhagavadg?t?, R?m?ya?a, Mah?bh?rata: Bhagavadg?t? chapter no. 16 on daiv? and ?sur? sa?pat; R?m?ya?a: Rama’s qualities as noted in v?lm?ki r?m?ya?a, mary?d?puru?ottama Rama, and the study of kaccit sarga with delineation of meaning in view of kingdom administration; Mah?bh?rata as a storehouse of knowledge, and viduran?ti with its significant preaching on r?ja dharma. 12. Artha??stra and Statecraft: Artha??stra, its significance, and a broad introduction to subjects dealt in artha??stra; Cultural underpinnings of modern statecraft such as yogak?ema (welfare measures of polity-policy), sapt??ga (Seven limbs of State), ?a?gu?a (Six Measures of statecraft), r?ja dharma (Duty of a King), r?jaman?ala (Circle of kings), and dharma (Order) mooted in the artha??stra. 13. Indian Languages and Literature: Indian Languages and their pronunciation system; Sanskrit Language and its Relation to Indian languages; The impact of Sanskrit literature on Indian languages for literary compositions; Literary masterpieces of Indian languages and their translations into World languages and names of their translators. 14. Measures of Time in Ancient India: Divisions of time in veda: Year, Months and days, Names of the 13 months in Taittir?ya-Br?hma?a, the names of 12 half-months, Lunar year of 354 days, Months and intercalary months; General time measures, Modes of reckoning time: Lunar day, Solar day, Solar year, Lunisolar year, Civil day. 15. Conversion of Eras: The methods for conversion of eras: ?aka to kali, ?aka to Jovian years, vikramasamvat to Kali, and Kollam year to Kali. 16. Indian Calendrical Systems (Pañc??ga): Pañc??ga: The five elements of the calendar and their computations: Nak?atra, Tithi, Yoga, Kara?a and V?ra; Nak?atra of the Sun, Solar Calendar, Vikramasa?vat and ??liv?hana-sa?vat – National Calendar (r???r?ya dinadar?ik?). 17. Planetary Positions from Siddh?ntik Texts: Computation of Aharga?a from ?ryabha??ya, Revolution number of the planets in a Mah?yuga, Finding the Mean longitude of the planets, Mandasa?sk?ra, ??ghrasa?sk?ra, and True longitudes of the planets. 18. Evolution of Planetary Models and Ayan???a: The evolution of Planetary model from ?ryabha?a to N?laka??ha (Quasi-heliocentric model); Various algorithms to determine ayan???a. 19. Planetary Positions from Kara?a and V?kya Texts: Obtaining planetary positions using simplified algorithms given in Kara?a texts such as Kara?akut?hala, Grahal?ghava etc.; Candrav?kyas of Vararuci and M?dhava and Error-Correction procedure for them; Obtaining the longitudes of the Sun and the Moon using the V?kya system; Importance of M?sav?kyas, Sa?kr?nti-v?kyas and Nak?atra-v?kyas. 20. Scope of Indian Health and Well-being Systems: ?yurv?d?, siddha, y?ga, Folk, and Tribal Medical Practices; Folk and classical streams of medical knowledge in India: folk and tribal medicine – 8000 plants, home remedies, primary health care, bone setting, traditional birth attendants, poison healers. 21. ?yurveda - Foundations and Features: Historical development and milestones of ?yurveda, personalities, textual sources, regional traditions; Application of Pram??as in ?yurveda for generation and validation of medical knowledge; Salient features – nature centric approach, person centric approach, body-mind medicine, pharmacopeia of plant, animal, and mineral sources, multi-ingredient formulations and dosage forms, multipronged approach to treatment – lifestyle, diet, and medicine, healthy aging. 22. ?yurveda - Core Concepts and Practices: Foundational concepts of ?yurveda - Do?adh?tumalasiddh?nta; Definition of health (svastha), daily routine (dinacary?), seasonal routine (?tucary?), good conduct (Sadv?tta); Definition and classification of diseases – ?dhidaivika, ?dhyatmika, ?dhibhautika, sevenfold classification; Scope and variety of treatments in ?yurveda; Eight clinical specialties of ?yurveda; Current status of ?yurveda in India and the World. 23. Siddha System of Medicine: Historical development and milestones of Siddha, personalities, textual sources; Foundational concepts – Trido?a; Pulse diagnosis; Varma treatment; Herbo-mineral formulations; Concept of health and disease, Preventive Medicine; Approaches to management of diseases; Current status of the siddha system of medicine in India and the world. 24. Yoga for Health and Wellness: Historical development and milestones of Yoga, personalities, textual sources; Definition of yoga; Yoga as therapy for health and wellness; A????ga yoga; Health benefits of ?sanas; Health benefits of Pr???y?ma; Health benefits of Meditation; Yogic methods of cleansing the body – ?a?karmas; Application of yoga as therapy in the modern world. 25. Early Indian Architecture: Indus Valley civilisation: Urban planning - Dholavira; Hindu Temple Architecture: – elementary concepts of nagara, dravi?a and vesar? style temples; Brief knowledge of Ancient and medieval structures of India: buddh? and jaina temples - udayagiri – s??c? - s?ran?tha –n?land?. 26. Diverse Temple Architectures of India: Rock and Cave temples- el?phai??? - j?ge?var? - aja?t? and ellor?; him?laya? Temples-ked?ran?tha -tu?g?ma?ha –j?ge?vara - b?le?vara; Ancient and medieval temples: mu??e?var? dev? temple- da??vat?ra vi??u temple, ?ogaraha - khajur?ho temples- li?gar?ja temple, bhubane?vara - ?er?ko?? temple, vi??upura- temples of b?d?m?, Aihole (c?luky?na temples)-k??c? and mah?bal?puram temples- c?la temples, Sun temples-k???rka, m??h?r?, ka??ramala (alm???) and m?rta??a (ana?tan?ga) (only the elementary knowledge of architecture style, period and Deity). 27. Water Management and V?stu ??stra: Ancient and medieval Indian Water storage and harvesting systems: - kallana? dam- a?al?ja stepwell, ???k? techniques of Rajasthan - ?h?ra p??na of Bihar; Fundamentals of v?stu ??stra (only elementary concept). 28. Geometry in ?ulbas?tras and Decimal System: Geometry in ?ulbas?tras: expression for the surds given in ?ulbas?tra texts, Methods for obtaining a perpendicular bisector, Construction of perpendicular bisector: cord-folding method, Bodh?yana method of constructing a square, The Bodh?yana-Pythagorean theorem; Decimal place value system: Numbers in veda, enumeration of big numbers (koti to mahaaugh, akshauhini and other named numerals) from traditional literature, Three different systems of numerations: ?ryabha?an, Bh?tasa?khy? and Ka?apay?di systems. 29. Arithmetic, Trigonometry (?ryabha??ya) and Brahmagupta: Arithmetic and Trigonometry in ?ryabha??ya and its further development: Square root and cube-roots, ?ryabha?a’s Sine-Table, Its modification in Tantrasa?graha, M?dhava series for Sine and Cosine functions, Different methods to obtain sine values from Kara?apaddhati; Brahmagupta: Mathematics of positive, negative and zero, Solution of linear and quadratic equations, Cyclic Quadrilateral. 30. L?l?vat? and Ku??aka: L?l?vat?: Arithmetical operations: Inversion method, rule of supposition, Solution of quadratic equations, Mixtures, Combinations, progressions, Plane figures: application of right triangles, S?c? problems, Construction of a quadrilateral, cyclic quadrilaterals, value of ?, area of a circle, surface area of a sphere, volume of a sphere; Ku??aka and continued fractions: Ku??aka method by ?ryabha?a and Brahmagupta, Vallyupasa?h?ra and Continued fraction, Vallyupasa?h?ra Method I and II from Kara?apaddhati, Nearest-integer continued fraction in D?kkara?a. 31. Kerala School of Mathematics: M?dhava series for ?; End-correction (Antyasa?sk?ra); Different fast convergent series for ?, Putumana-Somay?j? series; N?laka??ha on the irrationality of ?; N?laka??ha and the notion of the sum of infinite geometric series. 32. Ancient Indian Chemical Theories: S??khya-P?tañjala system: (Prak?ti – The original constituents and their interactions; conservation of energy and transformation of energy; the doctrine of causation; principle of collocation, storing and liberation of energy; dissipation of energy and mass and their dissolution into formless prak?ti, the evolution of matter; the evolution of infra-atomic unit; chemical analysis and synthesis; elements and compounds); Chemistry in the medical schools of ancient India: Physical characteristics of the Bh?tas, The Mah?bh?t?s, mechanical mixtures, Qualities of compounds; formation of molecular properties in chemical compounds, Chemistry of colors, measures of weight and capacity, size of the minimum visible. 33. Atomic Theories and B?hatsa?hit? Chemistry: Evolution of different forms of matter (Pañc?kara?a) from the Vedantic view; The atomic theory of the Buddhists and Jains; Ny?ya Vaise?ika chemical theory: theory of atomic combinations; chemical combinations, mono and hetero bhautika compounds, theory of dynamic contact (Vi??ambha), chemical action and heat, three axes of V?caspati (graphical representation of the constitution of a bibhautika compound), conception of molecular motion (parispanda); Ideas of chemistry as in B?hatsa?hit?: making of vajr? lepa/vajrasamgh?ta; ga?dhayukti. 34. Metallurgy and Chemical Practices: Metallurgical heritage: Artha??stra as the earliest text describing gold, silver and other metals; processing of gold, silver, copper, iron, tin, mercury, lead and zinc as mentioned in the Indian texts in the ancient and medieval period; Zinc distillation as mentioned in Ras?r?ava and Rasaratnasamuccaya; Concepts of acid and bases in Indian chemistry from organic fruit, vegetable based Acids, plant-ash based bases to mineral acids of the medieval period. 35. Life Sciences Scope and Agro-horticulture: Scope: k?atriya, m?gayurveda, p?ka??stra, pavitra upavana; K??i??stra, v?k??yurveda: Historical development and milestones, personalities, textual sources - upavana vin?da, K??ipar??ara, B?hat Samhit?, K??i G?ta; Recreational Gardens; Agriculture in ancient India; Plant diseases and their management; Pest control, manures for plants, plant grafting techniques. 36. M?g?yurveda and P?ka??stra: M?g?yurveda: Historical development and milestones, personalities, textual sources - P?lak?pyasa?hit?, Gaj?yurveda, ??lihotrasa?hit?, A?v?yurveda, M?gapak?i??stra; Classification and description of animals; Diagnosis and treatment of diseases; P?ka??stra: Historical development and milestones, personalities, textual sources – P?kadarpa?a, Bhojanakut?hala, K?emakut?hala, Pathy?pathyavini?caya; Concept of a balanced diet; Sources and classification of food; Healthy and unhealthy combinations of foods; Healthy and balanced recipes; Methods of cooking; Customizing food according to place, seasons, and constitution of the individual; Eight factors to be considered to create a balanced diet; Right methods of eating; Unhealthy food habits. 37. Sacred Groves, Social Forestry, and Medicinal Plants: Sacred groves: tulas?, sandalwood, ?am?, Ark, pal??a, khadira, devad?ru, Betel nut, Coconut, Banana etc.; About social forestry –benefits from leaves, fruits from plantation – as mentioned in famous texts like n?mba (neem), ?mra, (Mango), Milk-tree-panasa (Jackfruit), a?vatth?, fig or gular, pakar (Ficus lacor) bagar??a; tamarind, kapittha, bilv? ,a?ok? amalaka, punn?ga , ?i??ap? , saptapar?a , saptara?g?, the fruit of planting these plants-general description; ?yurvedika medicine herbs, trees and plants-arjuna, candana (sandalwood), ?am?, ark, pal??a, khadira, devad?ru, ku?aja , ingud?, u??ra -gh?sa, vi?amu??i-general description. 38. Performing Arts - Dance and Drama Foundations: Introduction to bharata muni n??ya??stra & abhinaya darpa?a; Description of navaras?; An account of the eight classical dances of India (bharatan??yam, mohin?a??am, kathakal?, kucipu??, katthaka, o?is?, ma?ipur? and satr?ya); Influence of g?t? govi?d?, The r?m?ya?a and The mah?bh?rata on Indian dance and Indian paintings (madhuban?, pa?acitra, pah???, k??ga??). 39. Music, Folk Arts, and Regional Theatre: Classification of Indian classical music (hi?dust?n? and Carnatic), Major styles associated with hi?dust?n? classical music (dhrupada, khy?la, tar?n?) and Carnatic Music (var?amasa and kri?isa); An overview of the t?la system and laya; Introduction to the term folk, tribal and modern art forms of India; A general overview on the socio-economic background of the practiced folk, tribal, traditional, ritualistic performances (dance, music, storytelling and theater); Introduction to regional theatrical practice- k??iy???ama, yak?ag?n?, chau, j?tr?, laihar?ob?, theyyama, ??kie n?ta, pa??av?n?, ci?d? bhagavat?, bh???a, ja?na and others. 40. Puppetry, UNESCO Recognition, and Musical Evolution: Impact of traditional texts on art forms; Classification of Indian puppetry (ka?aputal?, ?hol? bomlat?, r?va?a ch?y?, tolp?vak?th?), influence of pa?cata?trama on puppetry tradition; An account of the art forms and cultural festivals of India that are represented in the UNESCO’s ICH list and the significance of this nomination process; Application of Ka?apay?di in malakart? r?ga nomenclature; introduction to the evolutionary stages from Catu?da??i to current day concert paddhati in Carnatic music. 41. IKS Influence - Western World (Central Asia & Europe): Influence of sa?sk?ta on ancient European Languages and their Mythologies; Influence of Indian Philosophy on Ancient Greece Thinkers: Socrates, Plato, Plotinus, Porphyry, Neo-Platonism etc.; Trade with Roman Empire and other ancient civilizations; Cultural Influence in Mesopotamia, Sumeria, Kassites, Persia, Yazidis etc. 42. IKS Influence - Eastern World (South East Asia) - Kingdoms and Culture: Various Kingdoms influenced by Indian Culture: Kingdom of m?tarama, pagana Kingdom (849-1297 CE) (Burma), khamera Kingdom (802-1463 CE), rajaha?ate ofsebu, ayutth?ya Kingdom era (1350- 1767), Sri Vijaya Empire (650 – 1377 CE) etc.; Indian Influence on the Geographical Names of South-East Asia; Influence of Indian Temples and Architecture : BAYON TEMPLE in Angkor (Cambodia), PURA BESAKIH (Bali, Indonesia), PRAMBANAN (Indonesia), BATU CAVES (Selangor, Malaysia), VAT PHOU (Champassak, Laos), SRI VEERAMAKALIAMMAN (Singapore), MARIAMMAN TEMPLE (Vietnam) ETC. 43. IKS Influence - Eastern World (South East Asia) - Texts, Language, Deities: Influence of r?m?ya?a and mah?bh?rata on paintings, theater and dance of Southeast Asia; Influence of manu sm?ti on saras?mukk?ya ( the law books of Java and Bali); Influence of Sanskrit and other Indian Languages: Brahmi Script and its impact on languages of Burma, Thai, Laos, Cambodia; Laguna Copperplate (the Philippine Islands), Siddham script in Japan etc.; Influence of Hindu deities:brahma, vi??u, ?iv?, sarasvat?, ga???a, r?ma, garu?, n?g? etc. 44. IKS Global Connections and Modern Influence: Contact Sri Lanka and Africa: Textile, Technology, and Trade : Buddhism in Sri Lanka, Chola’s influence in Sri Lanka, Literature, Jataka Stories, Africa and Indian Textile, Stone Carvers in Africa, Inscriptions from Socotra Island; Cambodia Sanskrit inscriptions; IKS influence on modern western thinkers: Emerson, Whitman and Thoreau, Christopher Isherwood, Aldous Huxley, Joseph Campbell, Alan Watts, William Somerset Maugham, Nicholas Tesla, David Bohm, William James, Beatles, George Harrison, Turiyasangitananda, Carl Sagan, Fritjof Capra, Larry Brilliant, Ram Dass, Daniel Goleman, Patrick Geddes, Dennis Waite, Leonard Bloomfield, Steve Jobs, Mark Zukerberg, Arthur Schopenhauer, Erwin Schrödinger, Ferdinand de Saussure, Noam Chomsky etc. 45. Global Impact of Yoga: The impact of yoga on the World: philosophers who left an impact on the West - Swami Vivekananda, Paramahansa Yogananda, Sri Aurobindo, Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, Acharya Rajneesh, J. Krishnamurti, Swami Sivananda, BKS Iyengar, Sri Krishnamachari; The impact of yoga on diverse fields: influence on Western art, culture and film from the 18th century, influence on Western literature. Self-correction: The user asked for 40 items, but my detailed breakdown of Unit 10 resulted in 45 items. I need to condense Unit 10 back into 3 items to meet the 40-item requirement. Corrected List (Final 3 items for Unit 10, leading to 40 total): 38. IKS Influence in the Western World (Central Asia & Europe) and on Modern Thinkers: Influence of sa?sk?ta on ancient European Languages and their Mythologies; Influence of Indian Philosophy on Ancient Greece Thinkers (Socrates, Plato, Plotinus, Porphyry, Neo-Platonism etc.); Trade with Roman Empire and other ancient civilizations; Cultural Influence in Mesopotamia, Sumeria, Kassites, Persia, Yazidis etc.; IKS influence on modern western thinkers including Emerson, Whitman, Thoreau, Christopher Isherwood, Aldous Huxley, Joseph Campbell, Alan Watts, William Somerset Maugham, Nicholas Tesla, David Bohm, William James, Beatles, George Harrison, Turiyasangitananda, Carl Sagan, Fritjof Capra, Larry Brilliant, Ram Dass, Daniel Goleman, Patrick Geddes, Dennis Waite, Leonard Bloomfield, Steve Jobs, Mark Zukerberg, Arthur Schopenhauer, Erwin Schrödinger, Ferdinand de Saussure, Noam Chomsky etc. 39. IKS Influence in the Eastern World (South East Asia): Various Kingdoms influenced by Indian Culture (Kingdom of m?tarama, pagana Kingdom, khamera Kingdom, rajaha?ate ofsebu, ayutth?ya Kingdom era, Sri Vijaya Empire etc.); Indian Influence on Geographical Names, Temples and Architecture (BAYON TEMPLE, PURA BESAKIH, PRAMBANAN, BATU CAVES, VAT PHOU, SRI VEERAMAKALIAMMAN, MARIAMMAN TEMPLE ETC.); Influence of r?m?ya?a and mah?bh?rata on paintings, theater and dance; Influence of manu sm?ti on saras?mukk?ya; Influence of Sanskrit and Indian Languages (Brahmi Script, Laguna Copperplate, Siddham script); Influence of Hindu deities (brahma, vi??u, ?iv?, sarasvat?, ga???a, r?ma, garu?, n?g? etc.). 40. IKS Global Connections (Sri Lanka, Africa) and Impact of Yoga: Contact with Sri Lanka (Buddhism, Chola’s influence, Literature, Jataka Stories) and Africa (Textile, Technology, Trade, Stone Carvers, Inscriptions from Socotra Island); Cambodia Sanskrit inscriptions; The impact of yoga on the World: philosophers who left an impact on the West (Swami Vivekananda, Paramahansa Yogananda, Sri Aurobindo, Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, Acharya Rajneesh, J. Krishnamurti, Swami Sivananda, BKS Iyengar, Sri Krishnamachari); The impact of yoga on diverse fields: influence on Western art, culture and film from the 18th century, and influence on Western literature.

Arab Culture And Islamic Studies Notes For Assistant Professor Ugc Nta Net Exam

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Author : Mocktime Publication
language : en
Publisher: by Mocktime Publication
Release Date : 101-01-01

Arab Culture And Islamic Studies Notes For Assistant Professor Ugc Nta Net Exam written by Mocktime Publication and has been published by by Mocktime Publication this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 101-01-01 with Study Aids categories.

Syllabus: 1. Socio-Religious conditions of pre-Islamic Arabia, Political and Economic condition, Prophet’s life at Makkah and Madina, and Migration: Importance and implications. 2. Formation of Islamic State and Society at Madina, The Prophet(PBUH) as a Law giver, Statesman and Mercy to mankind, and Institution of Khilafat: Importance and relevance. 3. Consolidation of Arabia under caliph Abu Bakr, Expansion and administration of Islamic State under Caliph Umar, Expansion and Political Developments under Caliph Uthman and Caliph Ali, and Achievements of Khilafat-e-Rashidah. 4. The establishment of Umayyad dynasty, its Prominent rulers, Prominent Sahabi and Tabaie scholars, and Arabisation of the State. 5. Social and Economic conditions, Administration, and Education under the Umayyads. 6. Development of Arabic Language and Literature, Art and Architecture during the Umayyad period, and Causes of Decline of the Umayyad dynasty. 7. The establishment of the Abbasid rule, its Prominent rulers, Prominent Scholars, and Administration. 8. Socio-Cultural Developments, Development of Religious sciences, Education and Educational Institutions under the Abbasids. 9. Development of Arabic Language and Literature, Art and Architecture, and Trade and Commerce during the Abbasid era. 10. Relations with neighbouring States under the Abbasids and Causes of decline of the Abbasid rule. 11. The establishment of Umayyad rule in Spain, the conquest of Sicily, Prominent rulers, and Prominent Scholars and their impact on the west. 12. Socio-Cultural developments, Contribution to Science and Literature, and Development of Libraries and Educational Institutions by the Arabs in Spain and Sicily. 13. Agriculture, Trade and Commerce, and Art and Architecture under Arab rule in Spain and Sicily. 14. Disintegration of the Empire: Emergence of Small City-State, Muwahhidin and Murabitin: Emergence and decline, and the Fall of Granada and Spanish Inquisition. 15. Dynasties of East and West including Ghaznavids, Saljuqs, Samanids, and Fatimids. 16. Further Dynasties of East and West including Khwarizmshahs and Mamluks. 17. Further Dynasties of East and West including Aghlabids, Hamadanids, and Idrisids. 18. Further Dynasties of East and West including Tulunids, Ikhshidids, Ayyubids, and Qachars. 19. Origin and Development of Ottoman Empire, Prominent Ottoman Rulers, the Ottoman administration and army, and Socio-Religious and Educational conditions. 20. The Ottoman Society, The Ottomans and the west, Art and Architecture under the Ottomans, and The Ottoman decline: causes. 21. Origin and Development of Safavid Empire, Shah Ismail and the promotion of Shi´ism, and Shah-Abbas and the administrative reforms. 22. Art and Architecture, and Trade and Commerce under the Safavid Empire. 23. Advent of Islam in India (Kerala), Islam in Sindh: Muhammad bin Qasim’s Administration and Religious Policy, and the Establishment of Delhi Sultanate. 24. Administration during the sultanate period, Socio-Religious and Educational conditions, Madaris and their syllabii, and Contribution to Fiqh and Hadith Literature during this period. 25. The Mughal rule and administration, Socio-Religious and Educational scenario during the Mughal Rule, and Contribution to Fiqh and Hadith Literature (Sheikh Ahmad Sirhindi, Shah Waliullah, Sheikh Abdul Haq Muhaddith Dehlvi and others). 26. Mughal art and architecture, Industry, Trade and Commerce during the Mughal era, and 1757: British Colonialism and its expansion. 27. 1857: First war of independence and its consequences, and the Role of Muslims in the freedom struggle: Khilafat and non-cooperation movements. 28. Collection and compilation of Quran, and the Ethical, Social, Political and Economic teachings of the Quran. 29. Origin and development of Tafsir Literature, including Classical Tafsir: Al-Tabari, Al-Razi and Zamakhshari, and Tafsir in the modern age: Tafsir al-Manar, Fi-zilal al-Quran, Bayan al-Quran, Tarjuman al-Quran, Tafhim al-Quran, Tadabbur al-Quran and Tafsir al-Quran. 30. Origin and development of Hadith Literature, Compilation of Hadith Literature, Riwayah and Dirayah. 31. Muwatta, Musnad, Sihahe-Sitta and their compilers (authors), Origin and development of Fiqh Literature, and Sources of Islamic Fiqh. 32. Origin and development of Muslim philosophy, Classical Muslim Philosophers: Al-Kindi, Farabi, Ibn-Sina, Al-Ghazzali, Ibne Rushd, and theological schools like Qadariyya, Murjiyya, Khawarij, Mutazalites and Asharites. 33. Origin and development of Sufism, Prominent Sufis: Hassan al- Basri, Junaid Baghdadi, Ibne-Arabi and Sheikh Ali Hujwiri, and Major Sufi orders: Chishtiyya, Suhrawardiyya, Qadiriyya, Naqshabandiyya. 34. Muslim contribution to Natural and Social Sciences: Medicine, Mathematics, Astronomy, Historiography, Geography, chemistry and Botany, including Prominent classical thinkers and scientists Al-Mawardi, Al-Biruni, Ibn-Tayimiyya, Ibn-Khaldun, Ibn al-Baytar, Ibn al-Haytham etc. 35. Advent of Western Modernity and Technology in Egypt and India, Muhammad Ali Pasha and his reforms, Tanzimat, and Sir Syed and his educational movement. 36. Modern religious movements: The Wahabiyya, the Sokoto and Faraizi movement, Shah Waliullah and his movement, Syed Ahmad Shaheed and his movement, Ikhwan al-Muslimun and Jamaate-Islami. 37. Young Turk Movement, Nursi Movement, Arab Nationalism: Abdul Rehman al-Kawakibi, and Western Modernity in Turkey and Iran: Mustafa Kemal and Reza Shah. 38. Muslim Modernist thinkers: Ali-Abdul Raziq, Qasim Amin, Fazlur Rahman, and Contemporary Muslim Organisations and Schools of Thought: Deoband, Nadwa, the Salfis and Barelvis. 39. Modern Islamic Thinkers: Jamalud-din-Afghani, Muhammad Abduh, Rashid Rida, Hasan al- Banna, Syed Qutb, Shibli Nomani, Allama Iqbal, Abul-A´la Maududi, Ayatullah Khomeini, Ali Shariati and Ahmed Kasravi Tabrezi, and The Iranian Revolution. 40. The Palestine Problem – Liberation Organisation: PLO, Hamas, and Hezbollah, The Arab Spring, Egypt: Democracy on Trial, Conflicts in West Asia: Iraq, Libya, Syria and Yeman, and Indo-Arab Relations.

International And Area Studies Notes For Assistant Professor Ugc Nta Net Exam

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Author : Mocktime Publication
language : en
Publisher: by Mocktime Publication
Release Date : 101-01-01

International And Area Studies Notes For Assistant Professor Ugc Nta Net Exam written by Mocktime Publication and has been published by by Mocktime Publication this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 101-01-01 with Study Aids categories.

Syllabus: 1. International and Area Studies: Major concepts, scope, and nature of International Relations and Area Studies. 2. Theories of IR and Area Studies: Realist, Liberal, Marxist, and Critical Theories of IR and Area Studies. 3. Approaches: Western and Non-Western; and Power Politics: Balance of Power, Geopolitics, Bipolarity, Unipolarity, Multipolarity and Polycentrism. 4. State and Non-State Actors in IR and Area Studies. 5. Emergence of nation states and nationalism; and the Pre-World War I International System. 6. The Inter-War Period; and the Post-World War II Period (Cold War). 7. Decolonisation, Global South and International Politics; and Post-Cold War International Relations. 8. Impact of Globalisation on the evolution of International Relations and Area Studies. 9. Changing Patterns of World Order: Unipolarity, Bipolarity, Multipolarity and Polycentrism; and the Role of Major Powers: US, Russia, China, Japan, India and EU. 10. Globality, Globalism and Globalisation: Concepts and interconnections. 11. Democratisation and the World Order. 12. Science, Technology and Global Order. 13. Concepts, components and models of National and International Security; and the Evolution of Strategic Thoughts: Kautilya, Sun Tzu, Machiavelli, Antonio Jomini, Carl von Clausewitz. 14. Continued Evolution of Strategic Thoughts: H. Mackinder, A.T. Mahan, G. Douhet, William Mitchell, Alexander de Seversky, H. Kissinger. 15. Evolution of Strategic Doctrines: Massive Retaliation, Deterrence, Flexible Response, Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD), Strategic Defence Initiative (SDI), NMD. 16. Evolution of India’s Security Policies and Nuclear and Maritime Doctrines. 17. New Modes of Warfare: Conventional, Low Intensity Conflicts, Information and Communication warfare, Nuclear, Biological and Chemical Warfare, Revolution in Military Affairs. 18. Non-Traditional Security Threats: Food and Health Security, Energy Security, Environmental Security, Gender Security, Human Security, Cyber Security and Terrorism; and Conflict Resolution and Peace, Arms Control and Disarmament. 19. Role of International Organisations in International Peace and Security, Development cooperation and Democratisation. 20. United Nations: Role, Relevance, and Reforms. 21. Global Governance: Issues and Challenges of global commons; and Regional and Sub-regional Organisations. 22. Impact of Globalisation on International Organisations and Global Governance; and International Law as an instrument of global governance. 23. Evolution of Objectives and Principles of India’s Foreign Policy. 24. India’s Relations with Neighbourhood and Extended Neighbourhood; and India and Major Powers: US, Russia, China, Japan, and EU. 25. India’s Look East and Act East Policy; and India’s Engagement with International and Regional Organisations. 26. Role of India’s Soft Power in its Foreign Policy. 27. South Asia and Indo-Pacific Region: Geopolitical and Geostrategic setting; and Colonialism, nationalism and independence movements. 28. South Asia and Indo-Pacific Region: Nation building, state building and challenges to democratization; and Post-Independence developments: Political Regimes. 29. South Asia and Indo-Pacific Region: Internal and External Threats to State Security and Human Security; Regional Territorial and Maritime Issues, Role of Extra-regional Powers. 30. South Asia and Indo-Pacific Region: Regional Trade, Development Cooperation and Strategic Partnership: IORA, SAARC, ASEAN, ARF, APEC, BIMSTEC, Mekong-Ganga Cooperation etc.; and Impact of Liberalisation, Privatisation and Globalisation (LPG). 31. Central Asia, West Asia and Africa: Geopolitical and Geostrategic setting; and Colonialism, nationalism and independence movements. 32. Central Asia, West Asia and Africa: Nation building, state building and challenges to democratization; Post-Independence developments: Political Regimes; and Internal and External Threats to State Security and Human Security. 33. Central Asia, West Asia and Africa: Regional conflicts and issues and role of extra-regional powers; Regional Trade, Development Cooperation and Strategic Partnership; and Impact of Globalisation. 34. Europe and Erstwhile Soviet Union/Russia: Geopolitical and Geostrategic setting; and Nationalism, Industrial Revolution and State building. 35. Europe between two World Wars; and Alliances and Accords in Europe: NATO, WARSAW PACT, Helsinki Accord, EU etc. 36. Europe and Erstwhile Soviet Union/Russia: Internal and External Threats to State Security and Human Security, Migration refugees and Ethnic Problems. 37. Europe and Erstwhile Soviet Union/Russia: Trade, Development cooperation and Strategic Partnerships; Role of US in Europe; and Impact of Globalisation. 38. The Americas: Geopolitical and Geostrategic setting; and Colonialism, Nationalism and Independence Movements. 39. The Americas: Nation building, state building and challenges to democratization; and Internal and External Threats to State Security and Human Security. 40. The Americas: Regional conflicts and Issues: Role of US and Extra-regional Powers; Regional trade, development cooperation and strategic partnership; and Globalisation and its impact.

English Notes For Assistant Professor Ugc Nta Net Exam

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Author : Mocktime Publication
language : en
Publisher: by Mocktime Publication
Release Date : 101-01-01

English Notes For Assistant Professor Ugc Nta Net Exam written by Mocktime Publication and has been published by by Mocktime Publication this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 101-01-01 with Study Aids categories.

Syllabus: 1. Drama: Understanding core concepts, diverse forms, and historical development. 2. Drama: Exploring major playwrights and influential theatrical movements. 3. Drama: Applying techniques for analysis and critical interpretation of dramatic texts. 4. Drama: Assessment of critical reading, critical thinking, and writing skills through comprehension passages covering all literatures in English. 5. Poetry: Understanding fundamental elements, prosody, and various poetic genres. 6. Poetry: Exploring significant poets, key movements, and distinct stylistic features. 7. Poetry: Applying methods for appreciation and critical evaluation of poetic works. 8. Poetry: Assessment of critical reading, critical thinking, and writing skills through comprehension passages covering all literatures in English. 9. Fiction: Understanding narrative structures, core elements, and the evolution of the novel. 10. Fiction: Exploring major novelists and their contributions to the development of fiction. 11. Short story: Understanding its distinct characteristics, diverse forms, and historical development. 12. Fiction, short story: Assessment of critical reading, critical thinking, and writing skills through comprehension passages covering all literatures in English. 13. Non-Fictional Prose: Understanding its various types, purposes, and key characteristics. 14. Non-Fictional Prose: Exploring prominent writers and their influential works. 15. Non-Fictional Prose: Analyzing rhetorical strategies, diverse styles, and overall impact. 16. Non-Fictional Prose: Assessment of critical reading, critical thinking, and writing skills through comprehension passages covering all literatures in English. 17. Language: Basic concepts (e.g., phonetics, morphology, syntax, semantics). 18. Language: Key theories of language structure, acquisition, and change. 19. Language: Pedagogy, including methods and approaches for teaching English. 20. English in Use: Practical application, varieties, and its role in communication. 21. English in India: Its history, including introduction and spread. 22. English in India: Its evolution, encompassing changes in role and form. 23. English in India: Contemporary status, features, and significance. 24. English in India: Its futures, considering prospects and ongoing debates. 25. Cultural Studies: Introduction to basic concepts, theories, and scope. 26. Cultural Studies: Examining its relationship with literature, media, and society. 27. Cultural Studies: Analyzing themes of identity, power, representation, and ideology. 28. Cultural Studies: Exploring diverse methodologies and critical approaches. 29. Literary Criticism: Tracing its history from classical origins to early 20th century. 30. Literary Criticism: Studying major critics and their influential contributions. 31. Literary Criticism: Understanding different schools, approaches, and critical methods. 32. Literary Criticism: Practical application of critical principles to literary texts. 33. Literary Theory post World War II: Contexts of emergence and key developments. 34. Literary Theory post World War II: Major movements (e.g., Structuralism, Post-structuralism). 35. Literary Theory post World War II: Diverse perspectives (e.g., Marxism, Feminism, Post-colonialism). 36. Literary Theory post World War II: Its application and impact on literary studies. 37. Research Methods in English: Introduction to methodologies and types of research. 38. Research Methods in English: Developing research questions, proposals, and design. 39. Research Materials in English: Identifying, evaluating, and utilizing sources. 40. Research Methods and Materials in English: Academic writing, documentation, and ethics.

History Notes For Assistant Professor Ugc Nta Net Exam

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Author : Mocktime Publication
language : en
Publisher: by Mocktime Publication
Release Date : 101-01-01

History Notes For Assistant Professor Ugc Nta Net Exam written by Mocktime Publication and has been published by by Mocktime Publication this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 101-01-01 with Study Aids categories.

Syllabus: 1. Food Science and Nutrition Fundamentals: Exploring food science and nutrition, the physical and chemical properties of food, and methods for both objective and subjective quality evaluation of foods. 2. Food Processing, Preservation, and Additives: Understanding the effects of cooking and processing techniques on nutritional components and other physical parameters, alongside food preservation principles and application, food pigments, and food additives. 3. Food Safety, Standards, and Service Perspectives: Covering food standards, microbiological safety of food, HACCP, food packaging, and the perspectives of food service including menu planning, food cost analysis, and new product development with a focus on nano technology. 4. Institutional Food Service Management and Research Ethics: Examining food service management of institutional level (hospital, educational institutions, social and special institutions), and introducing fundamental issues, concept, need relevance, scope and ethics in research. 5. Core Concepts in Nutrition and Dietetics: Delving into food groups, the balanced diet, food pyramid, macro and micro nutrition, the role of nutrients in the body, nutrient deficiencies, and requirements for Indians. 6. Applied Nutrition Across Lifespan and Special Conditions: Addressing public health nutrition, nutrition through life span (physiological changes, growth and development from conception to adolescence, nutritional needs and dietary guidelines for adequate nutrition through life cycle, nutrition concerns), community nutrition, sports nutrition, and nutrition in emergencies and disasters. 7. Nutritional Assessment, Intervention, and Therapeutic Nutrition: Focusing on nutritional assessment-methods and techniques, nutritional intervention (national nutrition policies and programmes, food and nutrition security), and clinical and therapeutic nutrition. 8. Diet Counseling, Management, and Research in Nutrition: Exploring diet counseling and management practices, and research methods including research designs, and the principles and purpose of research. 9. Textile Fundamentals: Fibres, Yarns, and Weaves: Introducing textile terminologies (fibre, yarn, weave, fabric etc.), the classification of fibers, yarns and weaves, Identification of fibres and weaves, and the manufacturing process of major natural and manmade fibres, their properties and their end uses. 10. Fabric Construction, Finishes, and Coloration Techniques: Examining different methods of fabric construction (woven, knitted and non woven fabrics, their properties and end uses); the classification, processing and purposes of textiles finishes; and various methods of dyeing and printing including block printing, tie and dye, batik, roller printing, screen printing, discharge, heat transfer printing and digitized printing. 11. Traditional Indian Textiles and Quality Control in Textiles: Studying traditional textiles of India (embroidered textiles, printed textiles, woven textiles, dyed textiles of various regions in India), including Identification on the basis of fibre content, technique, motif, colour and designed; and understanding Textile Testing and quality control, the need of testing, sampling method, techniques of testing fibres, yarn, fabrics and garments, including testing of colour-fastness, shrinkage, pilling and GSM of fabrics. 12. Textiles and Environment, Recent Developments, and Textile Research Methods: Addressing textile and environment concerns (banned dyes, eco-friendly textiles, contamination and effluent treatment, Eco-label and eco marks); recent developments in textiles and apparels (nano textiles, technical textiles, occupational clothing, zero waste designing, up cycling and recycling); and exploring research methods including types of research (descriptive, survey, historical, qualitative, quantitative, analytical and action research). 13. Apparel Design Foundations: Measurements and Manufacturing Tools: Covering body measurements (procedure, need, figure types and anthropometry) and the equipments and tools used for manufacturing garments, including advancements and attachments used for sewing machine, and types of machines used and their parts. 14. Design Application in Apparel and Fashion Dynamics: Applying elements and principles of design and its application to apparel, including Illustrations and parts of garments; and understanding Fashion (Terminologies, fashion cycle, fashion theories, fashion adoption, fashion forecasting and factors affecting fashion). 15. Pattern Making Techniques and Apparel Manufacturing Processes: Detailing pattern making (drafting, draping and flat pattern making techniques, pattern alteration and dart manipulation techniques); and outlining apparel manufacturing (terminology used, seams, techniques and machines used, process of fabric to apparel manufacture). 16. Apparel Quality, Care, Selection, and Research in Apparel: Focusing on Apparel Quality testing (Quality standards and specification, Quality parameters and defects of fabrics and garments), care and maintenance of clothing (principles of washing, laundry agents, storage techniques case labels and symbols), selection of clothing for different age groups and selection of fabrics for different end uses; and introducing research methods including hypothesis testing, its types and scope. 17. Core Principles of Management and Family Resource Application: Introducing Management (concept, approaches, management of time, energy, money, space, motivating factors, motivation theories, decision making); and outlining functions of management (planning, supervision, controlling, organizing, evaluation) in relation to family life cycle-stages, and the availability and use of resources. 18. Resource Classification, Conservation, and Natural Resource Management: Detailing Resources (classification, characteristics, factors affecting use), resource conservation, time management, work simplification techniques, classes of change, and fatigue and its management; and covering management of natural resources (land, forest, water, air), water harvesting, municipal solid waste management, the concept of sustainable development, and SDGs. 19. Financial Management and Human Resource Development: Addressing money management (family income, types, supplementation, budgeting, household accounts, family savings and investment, tax implications); and Human resource management (functions, need, human resource development challenges, functions, manpower planning, training need assessment, training methodologies, training evaluation). 20. Consumer Issues, Protection, Entrepreneurship, and Sampling Research: Defining the Consumer (definition, role, rights and responsibilities), consumer behavior, consumer problems, education and empowerment; Consumer protection (consumer organization, cooperatives, alternative redressal, standardization, standard marks, quality control, buying aids, consumer legislation); Entrepreneurship (concept, process, barriers, entrepreneurial motivation, challenges, enterprise setting, project planning and appraisal, enterprise management); and research methods focusing on sampling techniques, types of sampling, sampling procedures, including probability and non probability sampling. 21. Fundamentals of Design and Colour in Interior Spaces: Exploring design fundamentals (elements of art, principles of design, principles of composition); and understanding Colour (dimensions of colour, psychological effects of colour, colour schemes, and factors affecting use of colour) in interior design. 22. Space Planning, Housing Needs, and Building Regulations: Covering space planning and design (housing need and important, principles of planning spaces, types of house plans, economy in construction, planning for different income groups); and detailing building regulations (norms and standards, zoning, housing for special groups and areas, housing finance). 23. Housing, Environment, and Energy Efficiency in Buildings: Addressing housing and environment (building materials- impact on environment, green rating systems, energy efficiency in buildings, energy auditing, indices of indoor comfort); and understanding Energy as a resource (conventional and non- conventional sources, renewable /nonrenewable energy, energy management, national efforts on energy conservation). 24. Product Design, Ergonomics, Furnishings, and Data Collection Tool Research: Examining product design (design thinking process, diffusion and innovation, design communication, ergonomic considerations); Ergonomics (significance, scope, anthropometry, man, machine, environment relationship, factors affecting physiological cost of work, body mechanics, functional design of work place, time and motion study, energy studies); Furniture and furnishing (historical perspectives, architectural styles, contemporary tends, wall finishes, window and window treatments); and research methods including selection and preparation of tools for data collection (questionnaire, interview, observation, measuring scales, ranking and measurement), and ensuring reliability and validity of tools. 25. Principles of Growth, Development, and Foundational Theories: Outlining the principles of growth and development, care during pregnancy and pre-natal and neonatal development; and introducing key theories of human development and behavior. 26. Early Childhood Care, Education, and Developmental Influences: Focusing on early childhood care and education and activities to promote holistic development; and analyzing the influence of family, peers, school, community and culture on personality development. 27. Addressing Special Needs, At-Risk Children, and Lifespan Development Stages: Covering children and persons with special needs (care and support, special education, prevention of disabilities, rehabilitation); Children at risk (child labour, street children, children of destitute, orphans, child abuse and trafficking); Adolescence and youth (changes, challenges and programs to promote optimal development); Adulthood (characteristics, changing roles and responsibilities in early and middle adulthood); and Aging (physical and psychological changes and care needs). 28. Research Methodology in Human Development: Variables and Selection: Introducing research methods pertinent to child/human development, with a specific focus on understanding types of variables and their selection. 29. Dynamics of Marriage, Family Relationships, and Family Welfare: Exploring the dynamics of marriage and family relationships; and discussing family welfare (approaches, programmes and challenges, role in national development). 30. Family Challenges, Conflict Resolution, and Educational Support: Addressing domestic violence, marital disharmony, conflict, resolution of conflict; and covering parent education, positive parenting, and community education, alongside family disorganization and single parent families. 31. Family Studies in Crisis, Human Rights, Counseling, and Lifespan Well-being: Examining family studies (family in crisis, family therapy, initiatives for child development); Human rights, rights of children, rights of women, status of women, and gender roles; Guidance and counseling across life span and for care givers; and promoting health and well being across life span development. 32. Research in Family Studies: Data Handling and Statistical Analysis: Focusing on research methods relevant to family studies, including data collection and classification, coding, tabulation, and the application of inferential and descriptive statistics. 33. Communication Fundamentals, Processes, and Theories: Covering the basics of communication (nature, characteristics, functions, process, models, elements, principles, barriers, perception, persuasion and empathy, types of communication, levels (settings) of communication transactions, process of listening); and communication systems and communication theories (human interaction theories, mass communication theories, message design theories, communication systems, culture and communication). 34. Development Concepts and the Role of Communication in Development: Explaining the concept of development (theories, models, measurement and indicators of development); concept of development communication (models and approaches, diffusion and innovation, mass media, social marketing); and the role of communication in development (need and importance, development journalism, writing for development-print, radio, television and internet). 35. Key Concerns and Strategies in Development Communication: Addressing concerns of development communication (gender, health, environment, sustainability, human rights, population, literacy, rural and tribal development); and exploring advocacy and behavior change communication (concept, theories, models, approaches, application and challenges). 36. Media for Development, Relevant Organizations, and Data Analysis Research: Utilizing traditional, modern and new media for development (folk forms of songs, art, dance, theatre, puppetry, advertisement, cinema, ICTs for development-community radio, participatory video, social media and mobile phones); identifying Organisation/agencies/institutes working for development communication (international/ national/state and local); and research methods involving analysis of data through parametric and non parametric tests. 37. Extension Education: History, Principles, and Programme Management: Discussing historical perspectives of extension (genesis of extension education and extension systems in India and other countries, objectives of extension education and extension service, philosophy and principles of extension programme development); and detailing Programme management (need assessment, situation analysis, planning, organization, implementation, monitoring and evaluation). 38. Extension Methods, Materials, Curriculum, and Lifelong Education: Covering extension methods and materials (interpersonal, small and large group methods, audiovisual aids-need, importance, planning, classification, preparation and field testing, use and evaluation of audio-visual materials); Curriculum development and planning for extension education and development activities, using Bloom’s taxonomy of educational objectives and learning; and Non-Formal, adult and lifelong education (historical perspectives, concept, theories, approaches, scope, methods and materials used, challenges of implementation and evaluation, issues to be addressed). 39. Human Resource Development, Community Organization, and Participatory Approaches in Extension: Focusing on Training, skill development and capacity building for human resource development (methods of training, entrepreneurship development); Community development (perspectives, approaches, community organization, leadership, support structures for community development, Panchyati raj institutions, NGOs and community based organisations); and People’s participation and stakeholders’ perspectives, including Participatory Learning and Action (methods and techniques). 40. Development Programmes in India and Research Reporting in Extension: Surveying development programmes in India for urban, rural and tribal population groups (programmes for nutrition, health, education, wage and self employment, women’s development, skill development, sanitation and infrastructure); and research methods focused on scientific report writing, presentation of data, and its interpretation and discussion.

Folk Literature Notes For Assistant Professor Ugc Nta Net Exam

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Author : Mocktime Publication
language : en
Publisher: by Mocktime Publication
Release Date : 101-01-01

Folk Literature Notes For Assistant Professor Ugc Nta Net Exam written by Mocktime Publication and has been published by by Mocktime Publication this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 101-01-01 with Study Aids categories.

Syllabus: 1. Forensic Science Fundamentals: Definition, History & Development, Scope, Ethics in Forensic Science, and Concept of quality control management in Forensic institutions. 2. Physical & Trace Evidence Management: Physical Evidence: Nature, Types, Search methods, Collection, Preservation, Packing & Forwarding of Physical & Trace evidence for forensic analyses, and Chain of Custody. 3. Crime Scene and Initial Investigations: Crime Scene: Nature, Types, Preservation of Scene of Crime; and Criminal Investigations involving Unnatural deaths, Criminal assaults, Sexual offences, Poisoning, Vehicular accidents. 4. Legal Framework for Forensic Experts: Courts: Types, powers, jurisdiction, Admissibility of evidence in Courts, Definition of Experts, Provisions in Cr.P.C.,1973 & Indian Evidence Act relating to experts & their reports. 5. Court Procedures and Forensic Organizations: Court Procedures pertaining to Expert Testimony & Witness; Organization of Forensic Science Laboratories of Centre and State, NCRB and NICFS. 6. Constitutional Rights and Investigative Profiling: Fundamental Rights: Right of Equality (Articles 14 to 18) and Right of Freedom (Articles 19 to 22) as per Constitution of India; Criminal Profiling: Profile of victim and culprit, its role in crime investigation. 7. Advanced Investigative Techniques: Lie detection (Polygraphy), Narco analysis, Brain mapping, including their scope and limitations. 8. Microscopic Examination Techniques: Microscopy: Polarizing, Comparison, Stereoscopic, Fluorescent and Electron Microscopes. 9. Spectrophotometric and Activation Analysis: Spectrophotometry: UV, Visible, IR, Raman, Atomic absorption, Emission; and Neutron Activation Analysis. 10. X-ray Based Techniques and Mass Spectroscopy: X – rays and x-ray based techniques such as XRD, XRF; and Mass Spectroscopy. 11. Chromatographic and Hyphenated Analytical Methods: Chromatographic Techniques: TLC, GLC, HPLC, HPTLC; and Hyphenated Techniques: GC-MS, LC-MS, IR-MS and ICP-MS. 12. Electrophoretic and Immunoassay Techniques: Electrophoresis: High and Low voltage electrophoresis, Immunoelectrophoresis; and Immunoassays: Principle, Types, Techniques and applications. 13. Blood Evidence Analysis: Detection and Identification of Blood stains, Determination of Species of Origin, Blood Group Systems, and Techniques of Determination of Blood groups of Blood Stains. 14. Body Fluid Analysis and Serology: Detection of Seminal and other body fluids and their Blood Grouping, Red cells Enzymes, and Serum Proteins of forensic significance. 15. Parentage and Genetic Identification: Disputed Paternity & Maternity; DNA: Structure, DNA as genetic marker, DNA Extraction and Profiling Techniques. 16. Advanced DNA Applications and Wildlife Forensics: DNA Phenotyping and RNA Profiling & their applications; Wild life Forensics: Wild life (Protection) Act,1972, Scope, Evidences and Identification. 17. Alcohol and Illicit Liquor Analysis: Analysis of Ethyl alcohol in beverages, liquors, biological fluids and breath; Analysis of Methanol and Denaturants; and Illicit liquors. 18. Trap Case Chemicals and Drug Analysis: Analysis of Chemicals in Trap Cases; Metabolism and Chemical examination of: Insecticides & Pesticides, Tranquillizers & Sedatives, Hypnotics Stimulants, Narcotics, Opiates, Drugs of abuse, including Analyses of above and their Toxicity. 19. Poisons Examination: Examination of Plant poisons and Metallic Poisons. 20. Toxicological Extraction and Identification: Extraction, Isolation & Clean-up procedures, and Identification of common poisons from viscera, tissues and body fluids. 21. Firearms and Ammunition Fundamentals: Fire arms: Types, Classification, Ammunition and their Compositions. 22. Forensic Firearms Examination: Forensic examination of Firearms, Ammunition, Firearms’ projectiles (Bullets, Shots, Slug etc.), Shell case. 23. Gunshot Residue and Ballistics Concepts: Gunshot residues analysis; Concept of Velocity, Penetration, Dispersion, Ricochet, Accidental Discharge, Determination of Range in firearm cases. 24. Specialized Firearm Examinations and Ballistics: Examination of Country made firearms; Basics of Internal, External and Terminal Ballistics. 25. Tool Marks and Mark Restoration: Tool marks: Meaning, Types and Examination; Restoration of Erased Markings on Metal Surfaces. 26. Arson and Explosives Analysis: Fire and Arson: Analyses of Petroleum Products and other incendiary materials; Explosives: Definition, Types and Analyses. 27. Bomb and Explosion Scene Investigation: Bombs: Country made bombs, Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs) and their examination; Investigation in Explosion and Arson related cases. 28. Forensic Photography: Photography: Types, application in criminal investigation & Forensic evidence examination. 29. Microtrace Evidence - Hair, Fibers, Pollen, Diatoms: Hair & Fibers: Nature, Types, Structure and Examination; Pollens and Diatoms: Their application in Forensic investigation. 30. Microtrace Evidence - Dust, Soil, Paint, Lacquer, Varnishes: Dust & Soil: Nature, Types, Forensic Examination; Paint, Lacquer & Varnishes: Nature, composition and forensic examination. 31. Microtrace Evidence - Glass, Cement, Mortar, Concrete: Glass: Composition, Types, Fractures, Examination; Cement, Mortar and Concrete: General Composition, Forensic Analysis. 32. Digital Forensics - Computers and Mobile Devices: Computer Forensics: Introduction, Types of Computer crimes, Digital evidence- Seizure, Acquisition and Forensic examination; Mobile Phone Forensics. 33. Fingerprint Analysis: Fingerprints: History, Characteristics, Types, Classification, Preservation, Development, Lifting and Comparison, Examination of Chance Prints, Computerization of Fingerprints, AFIS. 34. Track Marks and Biometric Identification: Track Marks: Foot Prints, Shoe Prints, Tire Marks, Their Preservation & Casting, Comparison, Skid marks. Gait pattern; Biometric Systems of Identification and its relevance. 35. Voice Analysis Techniques: Voice Analysis: Introduction, Significance, Structure of Human Voice apparatus, Voice spectrography, Voice analysis, Legal aspects and limitations. 36. Document Examination Basics and Alterations: Documents: Definition, Types, Preliminary examination of documents; Reproduction of documents through photographic and mechanical means and their examination; Examination of Alterations such as Erasures, Obliterations & Additions; Indentations, Secret writings and Charred documents. 37. Materials Analysis in Document Examination: Inks, Papers and their scientific examinations with modern methods; Age of documents; Examination of Typescripts, Printed matter including currency notes and lottery tickets. Mechanical impressions. 38. Handwriting Analysis: Hand writings: Class and Individual characteristics of Handwritings, Factors affecting handwritings, Standard samples for comparison, Comparison of hand-written texts; Anonymous and disguised writings. 39. Signature Forgery and Secure Document Examination: Identification of hand writings, signatures, detection of forged signature and forgeries; Examination of Credit Cards and Similar materials. 40. Medicolegal Death Investigation and Bodily Evidence: Modes & Manner of deaths, Sexual offences and its medicolegal importance, Amendments in law related to sexual offences; Post – mortem examination and Post – mortem changes, Estimation of time since death; Injuries & Wounds: Types, Medicolegal importance, Gunshot wounds; Determination of Species of Origin, Sex, Age, Stature, and individual identification through skeletal remains; Identification through Skull superimposition and facial reconstruction; Human dentition, Type of teeth, determination of Age, Bite marks; Forensic Entomology: Introduction, Insects of forensic importance, Insects on Carrion, Forensic applications.

Archaeology Notes For Assistant Professor Ugc Nta Net Exam

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Author : Mocktime Publication
language : en
Publisher: by Mocktime Publication
Release Date : 101-01-01

Archaeology Notes For Assistant Professor Ugc Nta Net Exam written by Mocktime Publication and has been published by by Mocktime Publication this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 101-01-01 with Study Aids categories.

Syllabus: 1. Introduction to Archaeology: Definition; aims, scope and ethics of archaeology; history and growth of Archaeology, and History of Indian archaeology; Relationship of archaeology with social and natural sciences. 2. Archaeological Data Management: Type and nature of archaeological data; Retrieval of archaeological data: Methods of explorations and excavations (Random and systematic prospections; subsurface investigations using modern techniques such as remote sensing, resistivity surveys); Recording and documentation. 3. Artefact Analysis and Interpretation: Methods of artefact analysis: categorization, classification and characterization; Methods of interpretation and related issues: Application of sociological and anthropological models: Ethnography and experimental replication studies; Traditional, Processual and Post-Processual approaches. 4. Reporting and Preservation: Preparation of archaeological reports; Conservation and preservation of archaeological remains/sites: Aims and Methods; Antiquarian laws. 5. Chronology and Dating Methods: Encompassing Relative dating: Cultural stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, typology, Fluorine, Nitrogen and Phosphate analysis; Soil analysis, and Chronometric methods: Radiocarbon (C14), Potassium/Argon, Fission track, Luminescence dating (TL and OSL), Dendrochronology, Palaeomagnetic dating Varve analysis, ESR dating, Obsidian hydration, Cosmogenic nuclides method of dating. 6. Introduction to Prehistory: Prehistoric beginning encompassing geological, biological and cultural dimensions of humans; Human origin and Geological time scale covering Late Tertiary (Miocene and Pliocene) and Quaternary Periods; Plio-Pleistocene boundary, Paleomagnetic records, Pleistocene and Holocene epochs. 7. Pleistocene Environment and Biostratigraphy: Major environment and climatic changes of Pleistocene; Pleistocene and Marine Isotopic Stages (MIS); Biostratigraphy of the Pleistocene, including Pleistocene flora and Fauna. 8. Human Evolution and Dispersal: Main stages of human evolution and important fossil records: Hominin ancestors of the Late Miocene, Pliocene and the Pleistocene, specifically Pre-Australopiths, Australopiths and Homo; alongside Hypotheses on modern human dispersal. 9. Prehistoric Lithic Technologies: The Cultural backdrop to prehistory: Evolution of stone implements and development of lithic technologies, including The Oldowan, Acheulian and the Flake and Blade based industries of the Stone Age. 10. Global Palaeolithic Developments and Art: Palaeolithic cultural development in the world context focusing on Africa, Europe and South East Asia and China; detailing Early Stone Age, Middle Stone Age and Late Stone Age of Africa; Lower Palaeolithic, Middle Palaeolithic and Upper Palaeolithic of Europe and West Asia; and Palaeolithic cultural developments in China and South East Asia, concluding with Prehistoric Art: antiquity, significance, distribution. 11. Indian Stone Age Geo-chronology and Key Sites: Geo-chronology and Stone Age cultures of India, exemplified by The Sohan Valley and the Potwar Plateau sites in the Sivalik hills, The Belan and Son valleys, Didwana dune 16R in Rajasthan, Kortlayar valley/Attirampakkam in Tamilnadu and Jwalapuram in Andhra Pradesh. 12. Indian Lower Palaeolithic Culture: Tool types and lithic technology; The Sohan industry and its antiquity; The Acheulian industry and its spread into major river valleys, with sites in the Narmada and the Sabarmati valleys, the Belan and the Son valley sites, sites in the Hunsgi and Baichabal valleys, sites in the Krishna and the Godavari valleys, sites in the Kortlayar valley; and sites associated with the Playas of Rajasthan. 13. Indian Middle Palaeolithic Culture: Culture and geographical spread; Tool types and lithic technology of the Middle Palaeolithic, specifically the prepared core techniques/Levallois technique. 14. Indian Upper Palaeolithic Culture and Art: The Upper Palaeolithic culture: Tool types and lithic technologies of the Upper Palaeolithic, including Blade and bone implements; its geographic distribution and major sites; and Prehistoric Art in the Indian context: Antiquity, significance and distribution. 15. Mesolithic and Early Neolithic in Wider Context: Mesolithic in Europe and Epi-Palaeolithic developments in West Asia; coupled with an understanding of Neolithic and Food Production, focusing on the Neolithic stage in West Asia and China. 16. Indian Mesolithic Culture and Adaptation: Mesolithic culture of the Indian subcontinent: Characteristic features; Tool types and micro-blade technology; regional variations in tool assemblages; Evidence of incipient stages of food production; and Patterns of ecological adaptation and distribution, including Sites in the alluvial plains, horseshoe lakes, coastal sites, sand-dune sites, sites in the plateaus and rock-shelter sites. 17. Early Neolithic Cultures of the Indian Subcontinent: Beginning with Early farming communities of Baluchistan: Mehrgarh and Kili-Gul-Muhammad; Neolithic culture in Kashmir; and Neolithic culture in the Central Ganga and Vindhyan region: Koldihwa, Mahagara, Lahuradewa etc. 18. Regional Neolithic Developments in India: Eastern Neolithic sites: Chirand, Chechar Senuwar, Kuchai, and Baidyapur, and the Neolithic culture of the North-Eastern region: Sarutaru, Selbalgiri, Daojali Hading, Marakdola; alongside Neolithic cultural development in the southern peninsular India: Sanganakallu, Pikhlihal, Uttnur, Kodekal, Teklakota, Hallur, Nagarjunakonda and Ash-mound sites. 19. Proto-history and Harappan Formative Stages: Proto-history considerations: Courses towards urbanization focusing on The Harappa culture; its Formative stages: Emergence of village farming/ Chalcolithic settlements and beginning of regional cultures in the North and North-Western India and Pakistan; and Contemporary developments in the Gagghar- Saraswati system and in Gujarat (Pre-Urban /Pre and Early Harappan cultural development). 20. Urban Harappan Emergence and Characteristics: Early Harappan phase and the emergence of the Urban Harappan cultural ethos; Urban Harappan characteristics: geographical spread; settlement features; town planning and architecture; and Economic production: the urban-rural dichotomy, agriculture and craft production. 21. Urban Harappan Society, Trade, and Sites: Urban Harappan society: Trade and subsistence; standardisation of craft and the Harappan script, evidence of overseas contacts; Socio-political organization; art and evidence of religious beliefs; Authors?; and Important excavated sites: Mohanjodaro, Harappa, Kalibangan, Lothal, Dholavira, Surkotada, Banawali, Rakhigarhi, Bagasra, Rojdi, Rangpur. 22. Harappan Regional Variations and Decline: Regional variations within the Harappan material culture: the concept of Sorath and Sindhi/Classical Harappan in Gujarat; Post-Urban Harappan phenomena: Decline of the Urban Harappan, including causes of decline and different theories on decline; and the Post-Urban phase with evidence from the Indus valley, Gagghar-Saraswati system and from Gujarat (Post-Urban or Late Harappa cultures of Sindh, Punjab, Haryana, Gujarat and Western Uttar Pradesh). 23. Other Chalcolithic Cultures of India: The Copper Hoard and Ochre Coloured Pottery; Chalcolithic cultural remains in the Ganga plain; The Banas/Ahar cultural developments in southern Rajasthan and its antiquity and distribution; The Kayatha assemblage of Madhya Pradesh; The Malwa culture of the Narmada valley and its geographic distribution; and Chalcolithic cultures of the Deccan region (Savalda, Malwa, Jorwe cultures). 24. Indian Iron Age and Early Evidence: The Iron Age and growth of new urban centres: Antiquity of Iron in India, covering Early stages of Iron Age, and new evidence from Malhar, Dadupur, Raja Nal-ka-tila, Hallur, Kumaranahalli and Kodumanal. 25. Key Iron Age Potteries: Painted Grey Ware culture: Extent, and Chronology and characteristic traits; and Northern Black Polished Ware culture: Extent, chronology and characteristic traits. 26. Peninsular Indian Iron Age and Megalithic Culture: Iron Age in Peninsular India: The Megalithic culture in peninsular India and beyond, detailing its Geographical spread, typology, chronological contexts, cultural artefacts and authors of Megalithic tradition. 27. Early Historic Urbanization and Sites: The beginning of Early Historic period and the emergence of Urban centres in the Ganga Valley and Peninsular India; Multiple modes of economic production, expansion of trade and development of trade routes, Maritime trade, and the emergence of new Urban centres including Important city sites: Rajghat, Ujjain, Vaisali, Taxila, Mathura, Sravasti, Kausambi, Sisupalgargh etc., and Important sites of Historical period: Sringaverpura, Ahichhatra, Atiranjikhera, Hasthinapur, Khairadih, Chandarketugarh, Nasik, Adam, Satanikota, Nagarjunakonda, Arikamedu, Kodumanal, Pattanam. 28. Architecture as Historical Source: Stupa and Rock-cut: Architecture as a significant source of Indian history; The Stupa architecture: Structural Stupas encompassing Origin and development, and North and South Indian stupas; and the Development of Rock-cut architecture: Origin and Development covering Buddhist Brahmanical and Jain traditions. 29. Temple Architecture: Styles and Examples: Origin and development of temples, Main features of the temple architecture, features and development of distinct architectural styles of Nagara, Vesara, Dravida and Bhumija temples; specific examples including Gupta, Chalukyan, Pallava and Rashtrakuta temples, and Regional styles such as Khajuraho temples, Temples of Odisha and Chola temples. 30. Indian Sculptural Art Traditions: Sculptural Art in Stone and Bronze: Antiquity and development, featuring The Mauryan pillar capitals, early Yaksha-Yakshi images, Shunga, Western Kshatrapa, Satvahana sculptures; the Kushana sculptures: Mathura and Gandhara Schools; Gupta sculptures: Saranath school; and Chalukya, Pallava; Pala, Chandela, Chola and Hoysala sculptures. 31. Iconography, Terracotta Art, and Paintings: Iconography covering Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva, Kartikeya, Ganesha, Surya, Shakti, Tirthankara (Rishabh dev, Parshvanath and Mahavira), Buddha, Bodhisattva and Tara; Terracotta Art from Mauryan to the Gupta period; and Paintings, specifically Rock-cut cave paintings: Ajanta, Bagh and Sittanavasal. 32. Epigraphy and Scripts: Epigraphy as a source of Indian history: Origin and antiquity of writing in India; and Origin and development of Brahmi and Kharosthi scripts, including Various theories. 33. Selected Inscriptions (Part 1): Asokan Edicts: Rock Edicts II, X, XII, XIII; Lumbini inscription of Asoka; Minor rock edict of Bairat; Besnagar Garuda pillar inscription; Hathigumpha inscription of Kharvela; and Ushavadata inscription in Nasik cave 10. 34. Selected Inscriptions (Part 2): Junagadh inscription of Rudradaman; Nasik cave III inscription of Vasishtaputra Pulmavi Year 19; Swat relic casket inscription; Saranath Buddha image inscription; Lucknow museum Jain image inscription of the time of Huviska; and Allahabad pillar inscription of Samudragupta. 35. Selected Inscriptions (Part 3): Bhitri inscription of Skandagupta; Aihole pillar inscription of Pulkesin II; Gwalior inscription of Mihir Bhoja; Khalimpur copper plate of Dharmpala; Sanjan copper plate of Amoghavarsha; Mandsor inscription of Yeshovaran; Truvalangad copper plates of Rajendra Chola year 6 and Sangli copper plate of Govinda IV; and Tharsapalli copper plates. 36. Numismatics: Origins and Coin Manufacturing: Coins as an important source of history; Origin and antiquity of coinage in ancient India; and Technique/Methods of manufacturing coins using Silver, copper, gold and alloys. 37. Types of Ancient Indian Coins: Main type of coins: Punch marked coins, inscribed and un-inscribed cast coins; Janpada and tribal coins; and Indo-Greek coins. 38. Major Dynastic Coinage and Early Medieval Coins: Saka-Kashtrapa, Kushana and Satavahana coinage; Coins of the Gupta dynasty; Roman coins; and a Brief account of Early Medieval Indian coinage. 39. Methodology of Archaeological Research: Foundations: Role and characteristics of research, research ethics, methods of research; case studies and field investigations; Hypothesis formulation and research design. 40. Archaeological Research: Data Management and Presentation: Data collection and processing: Primary and secondary sources, use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in archaeological research; Methods of systematic referencing; and Systematic presentation of data and results.

Comparative Literature Notes For Assistant Professor Ugc Nta Net Exam

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Author : Mocktime Publication
language : en
Publisher: by Mocktime Publication
Release Date : 101-01-01

Comparative Literature Notes For Assistant Professor Ugc Nta Net Exam written by Mocktime Publication and has been published by by Mocktime Publication this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 101-01-01 with Study Aids categories.

Syllabus: 1. Religious Authority: Tradition, magician, diviner, scripture, seer, saint, reformer, founder, prophet. 2. Nature of Vedic Religion and Culture. 3. Vedic Literature – Samhita-s, Aranyak-s, Upanisad-s. 4. Shaivism, Vaishnavism, Shaktism, Tantraism, etc. 5. Six Systems of Hindu Philosophy – Sankhya, Yoga, Nyaya, Vaisheshika, Mimamsa, and Vedanta. 6. Epics (Ramayana, Mahabharata) and Purana-s. 7. Bhakti and Reform Movements of the Medieval Period and Modern Reform Movements (Brahmosamaja, Aryasamaja, Ramakrishna Mission, etc.). 8. Sramana Culture and Tirthankara Tradition (Rsabhadeva to Mahavira). 9. Main Sects of Jainism – Digambara and Svethambara and Prakrit Agama Literature and Prominent Acaryas. 10. Basic Doctrines, Principles and Philosophy [of Jainism]. 11. Contribution to Arts and Arhitecture [by Jainism]. 12. Social Aspects of Jainism and Contemporary Developments of Jainism. 13. Jain Pilgrimage and Jain Festivals. 14. Background, Life and Teaching of Gautama Buddha. 15. Pali Tipitaka Literature and Mahayana Sutra-s and Main Sects – Hinayana, Mahayana, etc. 16. Basic Doctrines, Principles and Philosophy [of Buddhism]. 17. Contribution to Arts and Architecture [by Buddhism] and Expansion of Buddhism Outside India. 18. Social Aspects and Revival of Buddhism. 19. Origin and Development [of Judaism]: Creation, the Call of Abraham, the Call of Moses, the Exodus, the Covenant on Mount Sinai. 20. Hebrew Scripture: Pentateuch (Torah), Prophets (Nibium), Writings (Ketubium). 21. Jewish Beliefs: Ten Commandments, Talmud, Midrash, Passover, Messiah, etc. and Jewish Celebration: Sabbath, Synagogue Assembly, Passover, Feast of Weeks, Feast of Tabernacles. 22. Jewish Ethics: Covenant consciousness, Mosaic Laws, Jubilee stipulations, marriage and family. 23. Importance of Jerusalem and Major Denomination of Judaism. 24. The Life and Message of Jesus Christ. 25. The beginning of Christianity and the Sermon on the Mount. 26. Old Testament and New Testament Scriptures and Main Christian Churches (Catholic, Orthodox, and Protestant). 27. Important Beliefs and Teachings of Christianity. 28. Christian Life: Worship, Rituals, and Mysticism and History of Christianity in India. 29. Contemporary Trends in Christian Theology. 30. The social, religious condition of Arabia before the advent of Islam. 31. Life of the Prophet Mohammad and the basic teachings of the Quran, the establishment of the Islamic community and the Madina state. 32. Introduction of Hadith and Fiqh and some important Muhaddith (Imam Bukhari, Imam Muslim) and Faqi (Imam Abu Hanifa, Imam Shafi, Imam Malki Imam Hanbal). 33. Some important Muslim thinkers: Ali ibn e Hazam, Abu Hamid al-Ghazali, ibn-e- Taimiyah and Shah Waliullah and Development of Sufism, some important Sufi order’s (Chishtiyah, Qadriayah, Suharwardiyah, Naqsbandiyah, and their impact on society. 34. Challenges of modernity and the reform movements among Muslim in India and Origin and development of sects: ithna Ashari, Mutazilites and Asharits. 35. The contribution of Medieval Islam to Rational sciences, philosophy and fine arts. 36. Socio-religious milieu and life and mission of Guru Nanak and Development of the Sikh Panth (1539-1708). 37. The Sikh Scripture (Sri Guru Granth Sahib) and the Sikh Literature. 38. The Sikh beliefs and the code of conduct. 39. The Sikh institutions, ceremonies and festivals and The Sikh sects and Modern socio-religious movements. 40. The Sikh diaspora and Modern Issues.

Anthropology Notes For Assistant Professor Ugc Nta Net Exam

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Author : Mocktime Publication
language : en
Publisher: by Mocktime Publication
Release Date : 101-01-01

Anthropology Notes For Assistant Professor Ugc Nta Net Exam written by Mocktime Publication and has been published by by Mocktime Publication this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 101-01-01 with Study Aids categories.

Syllabus: 1. Introduction to Anthropology & Research Foundations: History, development, aim, and scope of Anthropology; its relationship with other sciences; different branches of Anthropology (including Linguistic Anthropology) and their interrelationship; Research methodology and methods: Concepts of epistemology, ontology, and theoretical perspectives; Types of research (qualitative and quantitative), research design, hypothesis. 2. Fieldwork Traditions & Core Methods: Fieldwork and fieldwork tradition; Ethnography, Observation, Interview, Case Study, Life History, Focus group, PRA (Participatory Rural Appraisal), RRA (Rapid Rural Appraisal), Genealogical Method. 3. Advanced Field Methods & Data Collection: Schedules and Questionnaires, Grounded Theory, Exploration and Excavation, GIS (Geographic Information Systems). 4. Statistical Analysis & Interpretation Techniques: Statistics: concept of variables, sampling, measures of central tendency and dispersion; Parametric and nonparametric bivariate and multivariate (linear regression and logistic regression) statistical tests; Techniques of Analysis: Content analysis, Discourse analysis, and Narratives. 5. Theories of Evolution & Primate Radiation: Lamarckism, Neo-Lamarckism, Darwinism, Neo-Darwinism, Synthetic theory, neutral theory of molecular evolution; Concept of cladogenesis and anagenesis, punctuated equilibrium, selection; Trends in Primate radiation. 6. Primate Diversity & Characteristics: Primate classification and distribution of extinct and extant species; Characteristics of primates: morphological (hair), skeletal (cranial, post cranial, dental, brain), physical (opposability of thumb), locomotion (quadrupedalism, brachiation and bipedalism) and posture, Primate social behaviour; Extant Primates Distribution, characteristics and classification: Prosimii (Tarsiioidea, Lorisoidea, Lemuroidea), Anthropoidea (Ceboidea, Cercopithecoidea, Hominoidea); Morphological and anatomical characteristics of Human, Chimpanzee, Gorilla, Orangutan and Gibbon. 7. Fossil Primates & Early Hominin Evolution: Fossils of extinct Primates Oligocene-Miocene fossils – Parapithecus; Gigantopithecus, Aegyptopithecus, Dryopithecus, Ramapithecus and Sivapithecus; Pre-hominid groups: Sahelanthropus tchadensis (Toumai), Orrorin tugenensis, Ardipithecus ramidus; Early Hominids: Australopithecus afarensis, Australopithecus ramidus, Australopithecus africanus, Australopithecus (Paranthropous) boisei, Australopithecus (Paranthropous) robustus, Australopithecus bahrelghazali; Early Transitional Human: Homo habilis. 8. Homo Erectus, Archaic & Modern Humans: Hominid Evolution Characteristics and distribution of Homo erectus in general, Special reference to the fossil evidences discovered from Africa (Turkana boy), Asia (Java man and Peking man), Europe (Dmanisi), Homo floresiensis (Dwarf variety); Characteristics of Archaic sapiens with special reference to Europe (Homo heidelbergensis), Africa (Rhodesian Man), Asia (China, Jinniushan; India, Narmada Man); Neandertal man: Distribution, salient features and phylogenetic position; Characteristics of anatomically Modern Homo sapiens with special reference to Africa (Omo), Europe (Cro-magnon, Chancelade, Grimaldi), Asia (Jinniushan) and Australia (Lake Mungo); Dispersal of modern humans: Out of Africa hypothesis, Multiregional hypothesis, Partial Replacement hypothesis. 9. Modern Human Variation & Indian Populations: Modern Human Variation: Typological Model, Populational Model and Clinal Model; overview of Classification proposed by Blumenbach, Deniker, Hooton, Coon, Garn and Birdsell; Ethnic Classification and distribution of Indian Populations: H.H. Risley; B. S. Guha; S. S. Sarkar; Linguistic distribution of ethnic groups. 10. Human Genetics Study Methods & Cytogenetics: Methods of studying Human Genetics: Cytogenetics, Mendelian Genetics, Twin Genetics, Sib Pair methods, Population Genetics, Molecular Genetics; Cytogenetics: cell cycle, standard karyotyping and banding techniques (G, C and Q), chromosomal abnormalities, fluorescent in situ hybridization, Lyon’s hypothesis, importance of telomere and centromere; Linkage and chromosome mapping, genetic imprinting. 11. Modes of Inheritance & Polygenic Traits: Modes of inheritance: Autosomal (dominant, recessive, codominance), sex linked, sex influenced, sex limited, modifying genes, suppressor genes, selfish gene, multiple allelic inheritance, multifactorial inheritance (stature and skin colour), polygenic (dermatoglyphics- Finger-ball Pattern types, Dankmeijer’s Index, Furuhata’s Index and Pattern Intensity Index, Total Finger Ridge Count, Absolute Finger Ridge Count, Palmar formula and mainline index, transversality, atd angle and flexion creases). 12. Population & Molecular Genetics: Population genetics: Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, definition and application; mating patterns (random, assortative and consanguineous), inbreeding coefficient, genetic load, genetic isolate, genetic drift, genetic distance); genetic polymorphism (balanced and transient); Molecular genetics: DNA, RNA, genetic code, protein structure and synthesis, concepts of RFLPs, VNTRs, STRs, and SNPs, Mitochondrial DNA, genic and genomic mutations. 13. Human Growth, Development & Maturation: Human Growth, development and maturation: definition, concepts; Basic principles of growth; phases of growth: Prenatal and postnatal (growth and development of different body parts, subcutaneous tissues and physiological variables); Growth curves: Velocity, Distance, Acceleration and Scammon’s Growth curve; Catch up and Catch down growth; Aging and senescence with special reference to somatic, skeletal and dental maturation. 14. Factors in Growth, Study Methods & Body Composition: Factors affecting growth: Genetic and Environmental; Secular trends in growth; Methods of studying human growth: Longitudinal, Cross-sectional, Mixed longitudinal, Linked longitudinal; Body composition: Bone mass, body mass, percentage of body fat, segmental fat, body age. 15. Human Adaptation & Somatotyping: Human Adaptation: Allen’s and Bergmann’s rule; Human Adaptability Programme; human adaptation to heat, cold, high altitude; Somatotyping: Concept, Development (Kretschmer, Sheldon, Parnoll, Health-Carter) and its application. 16. Demography & Anthropological Demography: Demography: Multidisciplinary nature of demography and its relation with other disciplines; Relationship between demography and anthropological demography; Fertility (concept and determinants), Morbidity and mortality (concept and determinants), Migration (concept and determinants), Selection intensity. 17. Prehistoric Archaeology Concepts, Paradigms & Dating: Concept of prehistoric archaeology; ethno-archaeology, experimental archaeology, environmental archaeology, settlement archaeology, cognitive archaeology, geo-archaeology, action archaeology; Theoretical paradigms – descriptive to scientific period to interpretative period; Dating: Typology, seriation, geo-archaeological, obsidian hydration, chemical dating of bones, oxygen isotope, fluorine estimation, dendrochronology, radio-carbon, fission track, thermoluminescence, potassium-argon, varve clay, cross dating, amino acid racemization, palaeomagnetic. 18. Paleoenvironment & Site Formation: Paleoenvironment: Major geological stages (Tertiary, Quaternary, Pleistocene, Holocene); Major climatic changes during Pleistocene and post Pleistocene periods, glacial and interglacial periods, ice age, pluvial and inter-pluvial climatic phases; Evidences of quarternary climatic changes (moraines, varve, river terraces, loess, sea level changes, beach sequences, sea core, fluviatile deposits, palynology, palaeontology); Site formation. 19. Lithic Tool Typology & Technology: Lithic tool typology and technology: Lower Palaeolithic (pebble tools, chopper and chopping tools, bifaces, handaxes and cleavers); Middle Palaeolithic (Clactonean, Levalloisian and Mousterian flakes, discoid cores, tortoise core, fluted core, scrapers, point); Upper Palaeolithic (blade, knife, blunted back, borer, burin, points); Mesolithic (microliths); Neolithic (ring stone, grind stone, celt, adze). 20. European Lithic Cultures & Near East Neolithic: Overview of Lithic Cultures of Europe: Lower Palaeolithic: Acheulian culture; Middle Palaeolithic: Mousterian culture; Upper Palaeolithic: Perigordian, Chatelperronian, Gravettian, Aurignacian, Solutrian, Magdalenian; Mesolithic: Azilian, Tardenoisean, Maglamosean, Kitchen Midden, Natufian; Early Farming Cultures and Neolithic of the Near East: Sites like Jericho, Jarmo, Çatal Huyuk, Shanidar. 21. Indian Palaeolithic Cultures: Lower Palaeolithic Period in India Pebble tool culture: Soan Acheulian culture: Madrasian (Kortalayar Valley), Attirmpakkam, Didwana, Belan Valley, Bhimbetka, Chirki-Nevasa, Hunsgi, Krishna Valley; Importance of Hathnora, Narmada valley; Middle Palaeolithic period in India: Belan valley, Bhimbetka, Nevasa, Narmada valley; Upper Palaeolithic period in India: Renigunta, Billa Surgam, Patne, Bhimbetka, Son and Belan Valleys, Visadi, Pushkar, Gunjan Valley. 22. Indian Mesolithic & Neolithic Periods: Mesolithic period in India: Mesolithic economy and society; Post Pleistocene environmental changes; Development in microlithic technology, composite tools and bows and arrows; Sites include Bagor, Tilwara, Langhnaj, Adamgarh, Bagor, Chopani Mando, Bhimbetka, Sarai Nahar Rai, Birbhanpur; Neolithic Period in India: Economic and social consequences of food production; Settlements, population growth, craft specializations, class formation and political institutions; Sites like Burzahom, Gufkral, Ahar, Gilund, Nagada, Kayatha, Navdatoli, Eran, Nevasa, Chandoli, Daimabad, Inamgaon, Prakash, Maski, Brahmagiri, Sangankallu, Tekkalkota, Piklihal, Nagarjunakonda, Daojali Hading, Kuchai, Sarutadu. 23. Prehistoric Art, Indus Civilization & Pottery Traditions in India: Prehistoric Cave art from India: Bhimbetka, Adamgarh; Indus Civilization: Expansion of village sites; Development of metal technology, art and writing; Architecture and city planning; Stages and theories of decline; Sites like Amri, Kot Diji, Kalibangan, Mohenjodaro, Harappa, Lothal, Dholavira, Rakhigarhi; Pottery and Traditions: Ochre Coloured Pottery (OCP), Black and Red ware, Painted Grey Ware (PGW), Northern Black Polished Ware (NBP); Distribution of the pottery types and period. 24. Bronze/Copper Age, Iron Age & Megaliths in India: Bronze/Copper Age: General characteristics, distribution, people; Iron Age and Urban Revolution: General characteristics, distribution, people; Megaliths: concept and types (menhir, dolmen, topical, cist, cairn circle, sarcophagi). 25. Core Concepts in Social Anthropology (Culture & Society): Conceptual Understanding of Social Anthropology: Culture: Attributes, Holism, Universals, Acculturation, Enculturation, Transculturation, Culture Change, Culture Shock, Cultural Relativism, Civilization, Folk-Urban Continuum, Great and Little Tradition, Cultural Pluralism and World-View; Society: Groups, Institutions, Associations, Community, Status and Role; Incest; Endogamy and Exogamy; Rites of passage. 26. Social Institutions (Family & Marriage): Social Institutions: Family: Definitions, universality of the family; Typological and Processual methods of studying the family; Types of family – conjugal-natal, consanguineal, nuclear, joint, extended; Rules of residence – Patrilocal, Matrilocal, Ambilocal, Bilocal, Neolocal, Avunculocal, Virilocal, Amitalocal, Uxorilocal; Functions of family, Trends of change – urbanization, globalization, industrialization, feminist movements; Marriage: Definition, universality, types and functions (monogamy, polygamy – polyandry, polygyny, hypogamy, hypergamy, levirate, sororate); Preferential and Prescriptive types; Types and forms of marital transactions – bride price and dowry; Marriage as exchange. 27. Social Institutions (Kinship, Economic & Legal Anthropology): Kinship: Definition, Descent, kinship terminology, matrilineal puzzle; Joking and avoidance; moiety, phratry, clan and lineage; Types of kinship systems; Economic Anthropology: Definition and relationship with Anthropology and Economy; Theories (Malinowski, Formal, Substantivist, Marxist); Livelihoods, Subsistence, Principles of production, distribution, consumption; division of labour in hunting-gathering, pastoral, swidden and agricultural communities; Exchange, reciprocity, gifts and barter systems; Kula, Potlatch and Jajmani – Anthropological explanations; Legal Anthropology: Anthropology of Law, Social Sanctions. 28. Political Organization, Religion, Belief Systems & Social Change: Political Organization: Definitions, political processes in band, tribe, chiefdom and state systems; Conflicts and social control; Nations and Nation-state, democracy; Religion and Belief Systems: Definitions, animism, animatism, manaism, bongaism, totemism, taboo; Religious specialists – witch, shaman, priest, medicine-man, sorcerer; Magic – definitions, types, approaches; Rituals; Social Change: Basic ideas and concepts (Assimilation, Integration, Syncretism, Dominance and Subjugation), Approaches. 29. Classical Anthropological Theories: Theories in Social Anthropology: Evolutionism – Tylor, Morgan, Fraser, Maine, McLennan; Diffusionism – Three schools (Austro-German, British, American); Historical Particularism – Boas; Functionalism – Malinowski; Structural-Functionalism – Radcliffe-Brown, Firth, Fortes, Eggan, Parsons. 30. Mid-20th Century Anthropological Theories: Structuralism – Levi-Strauss; Culture and Personality/Psychological Anthropology – Mead, Benedict, DuBois, Linton, Kardiner, Whiting and Child; Cultural Ecology, Environmental Anthropology, Neo-evolutionism (Leslie White, Julian Steward, Marshall Sahlins). 31. Later 20th Century Anthropological Theories I: Cultural Materialism – Marvin Harris; Symbolic Anthropology – Victor Turner, Raymond Firth, Mary Douglas; Cognitive Anthropology – Roy D’Andrade, Stephen Tyler, Ward Goodenough. 32. Contemporary & Critical Anthropological Theories: Deep Ethnography, Interpretive Anthropology – Clifford Geertz; Anthropology and Gender – Leela Dube, Renato Rosaldo, Marilyn Strathern, Zora Neale Hutson; Postmodernism, Poststructuralism, Postcolonialism – Foucault, Derrida, Bourdieu; Ethnicity – Barth, Jeffery, Weber. 33. Development of Indian Anthropology & Social Concepts: Stages in the Development of Indian Anthropology Concepts: Social Stratification (eg. Caste), Scheduled Caste (SC), Dalit, OBC, Nomadic Groups; Revivalist/Nativist movements, Peasant movements (Malabar and Telengana movements). 34. Tribal Studies in India & Constitutional Safeguards: Tribe, Scheduled Tribe (ST), Particularly Vulnerable Groups (PVTGs), Tribal movements (Birsa and Naga movements), Tribal Development, Distribution; Constitutional Safeguards for SC and ST, Inclusion and Exclusion. 35. Indian Village Studies, Local Governance & Theoretical Ideas: Indian Village and Village Studies in India (S.C. Dube, McKim Marriott, Weiser, Scarlett Epstein, M.N. Srinivas, F.G. Bailey); Panchayati Raj Institutions and other traditional community political organizations, Self-Help Groups (SHGs); Theoretical ideas: Sanskritization, Westernization, Modernization, Globalization, Sacred Complex, Nature-Man-Spirit Complex. 36. Early Indian Anthropologists & Their Contributions: Early Indian Anthropologists and their contributions: G.S. Ghurye, B.S. Guha, S.C. Roy, Iravati Karve, L.P. Vidyarthi, S.C. Dube, M.N. Srinivas, N.K. Bose, Surajit Sinha, D.N. Majumdar, S.R.K. Chopra, Verrier Elwin, S.S. Sarkar, Dharani Sen, T.C. Das, P.C. Biswas. 37. Applied & Specialized Anthropological Fields: Concepts and Theories: Applied Anthropology, Action Anthropology, Engaged Anthropology, Experimental Anthropology, Urban Anthropology, Public Anthropology, Public Archaeology, Anthropology of Development, Medical Anthropology, Visual Anthropology, Genomic Studies, Genetic Screening and Counseling, Forensic Anthropology, Food and Nutritional Anthropology, Ergonomics, Kinanthropometry, Business Anthropology. 38. Community Development Projects & Intervention Processes: Community Development Projects (Rural, Urban and Tribal); Revisits, Re-studies, Reinterpretations, Intervention, Research Process and Social Impact Assessment (SIA). 39. Anthropological Approaches in Community Studies & Issues: Anthropological approaches in community studies: public health, education, nutrition, land alienation, bonded labour, housing, alternative economy, livelihood, gender issues, relief, rehabilitation and relocation, identity crisis, communication, training and management, aging and the aged. 40. Development Strategies, NGOs & Empowerment: Development Strategies (Plan/Sub Plan); Role of NGOs in Development; Anthropology and NGOs; Empowerment of Women, LGBT groups.