International And Area Studies Notes For Assistant Professor Ugc Nta Net Exam
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International And Area Studies Notes For Assistant Professor Ugc Nta Net Exam
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Author : Mocktime Publication
language : en
Publisher: by Mocktime Publication
Release Date : 101-01-01
International And Area Studies Notes For Assistant Professor Ugc Nta Net Exam written by Mocktime Publication and has been published by by Mocktime Publication this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 101-01-01 with Study Aids categories.
Syllabus: 1. International and Area Studies: Major concepts, scope, and nature of International Relations and Area Studies. 2. Theories of IR and Area Studies: Realist, Liberal, Marxist, and Critical Theories of IR and Area Studies. 3. Approaches: Western and Non-Western; and Power Politics: Balance of Power, Geopolitics, Bipolarity, Unipolarity, Multipolarity and Polycentrism. 4. State and Non-State Actors in IR and Area Studies. 5. Emergence of nation states and nationalism; and the Pre-World War I International System. 6. The Inter-War Period; and the Post-World War II Period (Cold War). 7. Decolonisation, Global South and International Politics; and Post-Cold War International Relations. 8. Impact of Globalisation on the evolution of International Relations and Area Studies. 9. Changing Patterns of World Order: Unipolarity, Bipolarity, Multipolarity and Polycentrism; and the Role of Major Powers: US, Russia, China, Japan, India and EU. 10. Globality, Globalism and Globalisation: Concepts and interconnections. 11. Democratisation and the World Order. 12. Science, Technology and Global Order. 13. Concepts, components and models of National and International Security; and the Evolution of Strategic Thoughts: Kautilya, Sun Tzu, Machiavelli, Antonio Jomini, Carl von Clausewitz. 14. Continued Evolution of Strategic Thoughts: H. Mackinder, A.T. Mahan, G. Douhet, William Mitchell, Alexander de Seversky, H. Kissinger. 15. Evolution of Strategic Doctrines: Massive Retaliation, Deterrence, Flexible Response, Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD), Strategic Defence Initiative (SDI), NMD. 16. Evolution of India’s Security Policies and Nuclear and Maritime Doctrines. 17. New Modes of Warfare: Conventional, Low Intensity Conflicts, Information and Communication warfare, Nuclear, Biological and Chemical Warfare, Revolution in Military Affairs. 18. Non-Traditional Security Threats: Food and Health Security, Energy Security, Environmental Security, Gender Security, Human Security, Cyber Security and Terrorism; and Conflict Resolution and Peace, Arms Control and Disarmament. 19. Role of International Organisations in International Peace and Security, Development cooperation and Democratisation. 20. United Nations: Role, Relevance, and Reforms. 21. Global Governance: Issues and Challenges of global commons; and Regional and Sub-regional Organisations. 22. Impact of Globalisation on International Organisations and Global Governance; and International Law as an instrument of global governance. 23. Evolution of Objectives and Principles of India’s Foreign Policy. 24. India’s Relations with Neighbourhood and Extended Neighbourhood; and India and Major Powers: US, Russia, China, Japan, and EU. 25. India’s Look East and Act East Policy; and India’s Engagement with International and Regional Organisations. 26. Role of India’s Soft Power in its Foreign Policy. 27. South Asia and Indo-Pacific Region: Geopolitical and Geostrategic setting; and Colonialism, nationalism and independence movements. 28. South Asia and Indo-Pacific Region: Nation building, state building and challenges to democratization; and Post-Independence developments: Political Regimes. 29. South Asia and Indo-Pacific Region: Internal and External Threats to State Security and Human Security; Regional Territorial and Maritime Issues, Role of Extra-regional Powers. 30. South Asia and Indo-Pacific Region: Regional Trade, Development Cooperation and Strategic Partnership: IORA, SAARC, ASEAN, ARF, APEC, BIMSTEC, Mekong-Ganga Cooperation etc.; and Impact of Liberalisation, Privatisation and Globalisation (LPG). 31. Central Asia, West Asia and Africa: Geopolitical and Geostrategic setting; and Colonialism, nationalism and independence movements. 32. Central Asia, West Asia and Africa: Nation building, state building and challenges to democratization; Post-Independence developments: Political Regimes; and Internal and External Threats to State Security and Human Security. 33. Central Asia, West Asia and Africa: Regional conflicts and issues and role of extra-regional powers; Regional Trade, Development Cooperation and Strategic Partnership; and Impact of Globalisation. 34. Europe and Erstwhile Soviet Union/Russia: Geopolitical and Geostrategic setting; and Nationalism, Industrial Revolution and State building. 35. Europe between two World Wars; and Alliances and Accords in Europe: NATO, WARSAW PACT, Helsinki Accord, EU etc. 36. Europe and Erstwhile Soviet Union/Russia: Internal and External Threats to State Security and Human Security, Migration refugees and Ethnic Problems. 37. Europe and Erstwhile Soviet Union/Russia: Trade, Development cooperation and Strategic Partnerships; Role of US in Europe; and Impact of Globalisation. 38. The Americas: Geopolitical and Geostrategic setting; and Colonialism, Nationalism and Independence Movements. 39. The Americas: Nation building, state building and challenges to democratization; and Internal and External Threats to State Security and Human Security. 40. The Americas: Regional conflicts and Issues: Role of US and Extra-regional Powers; Regional trade, development cooperation and strategic partnership; and Globalisation and its impact.
Defence And Strategic Studies Unit Notes For Assistant Professor Ugc Nta Net Exam
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Author : Mocktime Publication
language : en
Publisher: by Mocktime Publication
Release Date : 101-01-01
Defence And Strategic Studies Unit Notes For Assistant Professor Ugc Nta Net Exam written by Mocktime Publication and has been published by by Mocktime Publication this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 101-01-01 with Study Aids categories.
Syllabus: 1. Defence and Strategic Studies: Assumptions and Approaches; The Concepts of Nation: State and Nation – State, Theories and Elements of State. 2. Key Concepts of National Security: Defining National Security, National Defence and National Interest, National Character and Evolution-of the National Security concept in the 20th Century and Beyond; National Security Concerns of Major Powers, Middle Powers and Small Powers. 3. National Security Structures: Armed Forces, Intelligence Agencies, Police Forces, Decision-Making Structures, etc.; National Security Environment: Internal and External. 4. Defence, Foreign, Security and Domestic Policies: Concept formulation, objectives and linkages; Military Alliances and Pacts, Peace Treaties, Defence Cooperation, Strategic Partnership and Security Dialogue; Non – Alignment, Balance of Power, Collective Security and Balance of Terror – Concept, Development and Relevance; Deterrence and Détente: Concept and contemporary relevance. 5. Contribution of Sun Tzu, Kautilya, Machiavelli, Jomini, and Carl von Clausewitz. 6. Contribution of General Giulio Douhet, W.Mitchell, J.F.C.Fuller, and Capt.B.H.Liddell Hart. 7. Contribution of Marx, Lenin, Mao Zedong and Che Guevara. 8. Nuclear Deterrence: Andre Beaufre, Henry Kissinger and K. Subrahmanyam; Thoughts of Gandhi and Nehru on Peace, Security and Development. 9. Theories and causes of War; Principles of War; Contemporary Warfare: Conventional Warfare in Nuclear age, Limited War, Revolutionary Warfare, Low Intensity Operations, Guerilla Warfare, Insurgency and Counter – Insurgency. 10. Armaments: Arms Race, Arms Aid, Arms Trade, Arms Proliferation, Proliferation of Small Arms; Military Alliances and Pacts, Peace Treaties, Defence Cooperation, Strategic Partnership and Security Dialogue. 11. Terrorism: Concept and kinds (National, International and Cross border); Conflicting Ideologies: Militarism, Nationalism, Fundamentalism, Separatism, Irredentism. 12. Concept and Elements of Deterrence: Nuclear & Conventional; Evolution of Global Nuclear Doctrines; Democratic Peace Theory. 13. Basic Concepts and Theory: (i) Concepts of Disarmament & Arms Control (ii) Objectives and Conditions of Disarmament (iii) Elements of Arms Control Mechanisms: Agreements, verification, inspection, control (iv) Approaches to Disarmament & Arms Control. 14. Historical Survey of Disarmament Efforts: (i) Under the League of Nations (ii) Under the United Nations (iii) Unilateral, Bilateral and Multilateral approaches (iv) Role of Non-aligned Nations in Disarmament Negotiations. 15. Weapons of Mass Destruction: Nuclear, Chemical & Biological Weapons; Nuclear Arms Limitation Nuclear Arms Control Treaties; Chemical weapons Convention and Biological Weapons Convention. 16. Concept of Non-proliferation, NPT, CTBT, PTBT MTCR FMCT, & other treaties; Nuclear Export Control Regimes; New Challenges and Responses - Missile Defense, Cooperative Threat Reduction and G-7 Global Partnership; Disarmament & Arms Control and Economic Development; Terrorism and Nuclear Proliferation; Concept of Star Wars and NMD. 17. End of cold war and emergence of new world order; Proliferation of Military, Nuclear and missile capabilities. 18. Environmental Issues: climate change and Global Warming, Desertification, Acid Rains, Industrial Pollution, Deforestation; Organized Crimes: Money Laundering, Narco – trafficking, Human Trafficking and small arms proliferation. 19. Migrants and Refugees: (a) Causes (b) Illegal migration and border management (c) Problem in South Asia (d) Role of International Committee of Red Cross and UN High Commission for Refugees. 20. Global Security Concerns: Palestinian-Israeli conflict & Arab Spring, Developments in Central Asian Republics (CARs), Rise of Fundamentalism, Challenges in Korean Peninsula, Taiwan and Power Rivalry in South China Sea; Problem of System of Governance and Human Rights; Food Security, Energy Security and Water Security problems in modern era; Millennium Development Goals. 21. Genesis of Sino-Indian Relations; The Boundary Dispute, Sino- Pakistan Nexus, OBOR and CPEC, China and India- Military Balance, Chinese Policy towards South Asia; Rise of India and China: Cooperation and Competition, Chinese Interests in Indian Ocean and South China Sea. 22. Strategic Dimension of India- Pakistan Relations: Genesis of India-Pakistan Conflict, Indo-Pak Military balance, The Kashmir Question, Pakistan Sponsored Terrorism, Pakistan's Nuclear Strategy, The Powers Structure of Pakistan, Contentious Issues: Siachin, Sir Creek, River Waters, etc. 23. India and South Asia: Issues and Challenges for Regional Cooperation; Making of India’s Defence Policy since Independence: (a) Threat perception, assessment and preparedness (b) Political and military lessons of 1948, 1962, 1965, 1971, 1999 wars (c) Future trends. 24. India’s Look East and Act East Policies, Indo- Pacific Cooperation, Strategic Partnerships; India’s maritime security and strategy in 21st century: (a) Indian Ocean (b) Asia-Pacific region (c) Security of Sea Lanes, India’s Maritime Strategy for the 21st Century; India’s Defence Doctrines and Strategies including Nuclear Doctrine; Higher Defence Organization of India. 25. Origin, Type and Structure of Conflict; Ideologies and International conflicts; Role of United Nations in Conflict Management and Re – Structuring of UNO. 26. Techniques of Conflict Prevention; Conflict Management: Pacific Solutions of International Disputes, Coercive methods. 27. International Humanitarian Laws and Laws of Armed Conflicts; Confidence Building Measures: Concept, kinds and utility. 28. IGOs & NGOs in Conflict Resolution: Peace Making, Peace Keeping and Peace Building; Gandhian Philosophy on Peace and Non-violence; Nehruvian approach to National Security and Cooperation. 29. Basic Concept & meaning of Disaster, Introduction to terminologies associated with Disaster and National Security: Natural and Manmade, Vulnerability, Risk etc., Identifying various types of Disasters. 30. Natural Disaster and Human Induced Disaster: Floods, Cyclone, Earthquake, Tsunami - WMD Disaster - Disaster associated with various industries; Study of Disaster in India / Around the World: Case Studies: Tsunami 2004, Bhopal Gas Tragedy, Chernobyl, Fukushima, Uttarakhand etc. 31. Disaster Management: Meaning, Association and Distinction with related concepts like Disaster Mitigation, Response, and Recovery, Relief, and Reconstruction. 32. Institutional Mechanism for Disaster Management in India: Role of Armed Forces, Central and State Governments, NGO, National Disaster Management Authority, Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services. 33. Economic Theories of Defence; Sustainable Development: Challenges & Responses; Basics of Defence Planning, Determinants of Defence Expenditure; Defence Budgeting. 34. Economic Causes of War; Economic Warfare in modem times; Economic Problems of Post War reconstruction. 35. National Security and International Trade regimes (WTO, TRIPS, TRIMS, FTA’s NAFTA, SAPTA, & NSG). 36. India’s role in Regional and Global Economic Forums and Organizations; Geo-economics and its Implications for global/regional economic stability. 37. Broad Survey of Technological Changes from Industrial Revolution to Information Revolution; India’s Civil Nuclear and Space Programs, India’s Energy Scenario. 38. Research and Development: Relevance of Science and Technology in National Security; Impact of Information Technology; Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA); Choice of Weapon Systems; Impact of Economic Liberalization and Globalization: Defence Production in India (Role of DPSU’s and Ordnance factories); Defence and Development and Peace & Development Dichotomies. 39. Issues of Mobilization of Resources during War and Peace; Military Industrial Complexes; Transfer of Technology: Dual use and critical technologies and their impact on national security; Interdependence and Cooperation at Regional and Global levels. 40. Cyber Security: Vulnerabilities of Information technology and internet, Need and importance of cyber security, Different kinds of cyber security vulnerabilities, Cyber wars including propaganda, measures for cyber security- Technology, laws and regulations, global issues in cyber security; Social Media and its Impact on National Security- Global reach with rapid speed for propaganda and indoctrinate misinformation and rumour mongering cadre recruitment and use of social networking sites for mobilizing public opinion.
Comparative Literature Notes For Assistant Professor Ugc Nta Net Exam
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Author : Mocktime Publication
language : en
Publisher: by Mocktime Publication
Release Date : 101-01-01
Comparative Literature Notes For Assistant Professor Ugc Nta Net Exam written by Mocktime Publication and has been published by by Mocktime Publication this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 101-01-01 with Study Aids categories.
Syllabus: 1. Religious Authority: Tradition, magician, diviner, scripture, seer, saint, reformer, founder, prophet. 2. Nature of Vedic Religion and Culture. 3. Vedic Literature – Samhita-s, Aranyak-s, Upanisad-s. 4. Shaivism, Vaishnavism, Shaktism, Tantraism, etc. 5. Six Systems of Hindu Philosophy – Sankhya, Yoga, Nyaya, Vaisheshika, Mimamsa, and Vedanta. 6. Epics (Ramayana, Mahabharata) and Purana-s. 7. Bhakti and Reform Movements of the Medieval Period and Modern Reform Movements (Brahmosamaja, Aryasamaja, Ramakrishna Mission, etc.). 8. Sramana Culture and Tirthankara Tradition (Rsabhadeva to Mahavira). 9. Main Sects of Jainism – Digambara and Svethambara and Prakrit Agama Literature and Prominent Acaryas. 10. Basic Doctrines, Principles and Philosophy [of Jainism]. 11. Contribution to Arts and Arhitecture [by Jainism]. 12. Social Aspects of Jainism and Contemporary Developments of Jainism. 13. Jain Pilgrimage and Jain Festivals. 14. Background, Life and Teaching of Gautama Buddha. 15. Pali Tipitaka Literature and Mahayana Sutra-s and Main Sects – Hinayana, Mahayana, etc. 16. Basic Doctrines, Principles and Philosophy [of Buddhism]. 17. Contribution to Arts and Architecture [by Buddhism] and Expansion of Buddhism Outside India. 18. Social Aspects and Revival of Buddhism. 19. Origin and Development [of Judaism]: Creation, the Call of Abraham, the Call of Moses, the Exodus, the Covenant on Mount Sinai. 20. Hebrew Scripture: Pentateuch (Torah), Prophets (Nibium), Writings (Ketubium). 21. Jewish Beliefs: Ten Commandments, Talmud, Midrash, Passover, Messiah, etc. and Jewish Celebration: Sabbath, Synagogue Assembly, Passover, Feast of Weeks, Feast of Tabernacles. 22. Jewish Ethics: Covenant consciousness, Mosaic Laws, Jubilee stipulations, marriage and family. 23. Importance of Jerusalem and Major Denomination of Judaism. 24. The Life and Message of Jesus Christ. 25. The beginning of Christianity and the Sermon on the Mount. 26. Old Testament and New Testament Scriptures and Main Christian Churches (Catholic, Orthodox, and Protestant). 27. Important Beliefs and Teachings of Christianity. 28. Christian Life: Worship, Rituals, and Mysticism and History of Christianity in India. 29. Contemporary Trends in Christian Theology. 30. The social, religious condition of Arabia before the advent of Islam. 31. Life of the Prophet Mohammad and the basic teachings of the Quran, the establishment of the Islamic community and the Madina state. 32. Introduction of Hadith and Fiqh and some important Muhaddith (Imam Bukhari, Imam Muslim) and Faqi (Imam Abu Hanifa, Imam Shafi, Imam Malki Imam Hanbal). 33. Some important Muslim thinkers: Ali ibn e Hazam, Abu Hamid al-Ghazali, ibn-e- Taimiyah and Shah Waliullah and Development of Sufism, some important Sufi order’s (Chishtiyah, Qadriayah, Suharwardiyah, Naqsbandiyah, and their impact on society. 34. Challenges of modernity and the reform movements among Muslim in India and Origin and development of sects: ithna Ashari, Mutazilites and Asharits. 35. The contribution of Medieval Islam to Rational sciences, philosophy and fine arts. 36. Socio-religious milieu and life and mission of Guru Nanak and Development of the Sikh Panth (1539-1708). 37. The Sikh Scripture (Sri Guru Granth Sahib) and the Sikh Literature. 38. The Sikh beliefs and the code of conduct. 39. The Sikh institutions, ceremonies and festivals and The Sikh sects and Modern socio-religious movements. 40. The Sikh diaspora and Modern Issues.
Arab Culture And Islamic Studies Notes For Assistant Professor Ugc Nta Net Exam
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Author : Mocktime Publication
language : en
Publisher: by Mocktime Publication
Release Date : 101-01-01
Arab Culture And Islamic Studies Notes For Assistant Professor Ugc Nta Net Exam written by Mocktime Publication and has been published by by Mocktime Publication this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 101-01-01 with Study Aids categories.
Syllabus: 1. Socio-Religious conditions of pre-Islamic Arabia, Political and Economic condition, Prophet’s life at Makkah and Madina, and Migration: Importance and implications. 2. Formation of Islamic State and Society at Madina, The Prophet(PBUH) as a Law giver, Statesman and Mercy to mankind, and Institution of Khilafat: Importance and relevance. 3. Consolidation of Arabia under caliph Abu Bakr, Expansion and administration of Islamic State under Caliph Umar, Expansion and Political Developments under Caliph Uthman and Caliph Ali, and Achievements of Khilafat-e-Rashidah. 4. The establishment of Umayyad dynasty, its Prominent rulers, Prominent Sahabi and Tabaie scholars, and Arabisation of the State. 5. Social and Economic conditions, Administration, and Education under the Umayyads. 6. Development of Arabic Language and Literature, Art and Architecture during the Umayyad period, and Causes of Decline of the Umayyad dynasty. 7. The establishment of the Abbasid rule, its Prominent rulers, Prominent Scholars, and Administration. 8. Socio-Cultural Developments, Development of Religious sciences, Education and Educational Institutions under the Abbasids. 9. Development of Arabic Language and Literature, Art and Architecture, and Trade and Commerce during the Abbasid era. 10. Relations with neighbouring States under the Abbasids and Causes of decline of the Abbasid rule. 11. The establishment of Umayyad rule in Spain, the conquest of Sicily, Prominent rulers, and Prominent Scholars and their impact on the west. 12. Socio-Cultural developments, Contribution to Science and Literature, and Development of Libraries and Educational Institutions by the Arabs in Spain and Sicily. 13. Agriculture, Trade and Commerce, and Art and Architecture under Arab rule in Spain and Sicily. 14. Disintegration of the Empire: Emergence of Small City-State, Muwahhidin and Murabitin: Emergence and decline, and the Fall of Granada and Spanish Inquisition. 15. Dynasties of East and West including Ghaznavids, Saljuqs, Samanids, and Fatimids. 16. Further Dynasties of East and West including Khwarizmshahs and Mamluks. 17. Further Dynasties of East and West including Aghlabids, Hamadanids, and Idrisids. 18. Further Dynasties of East and West including Tulunids, Ikhshidids, Ayyubids, and Qachars. 19. Origin and Development of Ottoman Empire, Prominent Ottoman Rulers, the Ottoman administration and army, and Socio-Religious and Educational conditions. 20. The Ottoman Society, The Ottomans and the west, Art and Architecture under the Ottomans, and The Ottoman decline: causes. 21. Origin and Development of Safavid Empire, Shah Ismail and the promotion of Shi´ism, and Shah-Abbas and the administrative reforms. 22. Art and Architecture, and Trade and Commerce under the Safavid Empire. 23. Advent of Islam in India (Kerala), Islam in Sindh: Muhammad bin Qasim’s Administration and Religious Policy, and the Establishment of Delhi Sultanate. 24. Administration during the sultanate period, Socio-Religious and Educational conditions, Madaris and their syllabii, and Contribution to Fiqh and Hadith Literature during this period. 25. The Mughal rule and administration, Socio-Religious and Educational scenario during the Mughal Rule, and Contribution to Fiqh and Hadith Literature (Sheikh Ahmad Sirhindi, Shah Waliullah, Sheikh Abdul Haq Muhaddith Dehlvi and others). 26. Mughal art and architecture, Industry, Trade and Commerce during the Mughal era, and 1757: British Colonialism and its expansion. 27. 1857: First war of independence and its consequences, and the Role of Muslims in the freedom struggle: Khilafat and non-cooperation movements. 28. Collection and compilation of Quran, and the Ethical, Social, Political and Economic teachings of the Quran. 29. Origin and development of Tafsir Literature, including Classical Tafsir: Al-Tabari, Al-Razi and Zamakhshari, and Tafsir in the modern age: Tafsir al-Manar, Fi-zilal al-Quran, Bayan al-Quran, Tarjuman al-Quran, Tafhim al-Quran, Tadabbur al-Quran and Tafsir al-Quran. 30. Origin and development of Hadith Literature, Compilation of Hadith Literature, Riwayah and Dirayah. 31. Muwatta, Musnad, Sihahe-Sitta and their compilers (authors), Origin and development of Fiqh Literature, and Sources of Islamic Fiqh. 32. Origin and development of Muslim philosophy, Classical Muslim Philosophers: Al-Kindi, Farabi, Ibn-Sina, Al-Ghazzali, Ibne Rushd, and theological schools like Qadariyya, Murjiyya, Khawarij, Mutazalites and Asharites. 33. Origin and development of Sufism, Prominent Sufis: Hassan al- Basri, Junaid Baghdadi, Ibne-Arabi and Sheikh Ali Hujwiri, and Major Sufi orders: Chishtiyya, Suhrawardiyya, Qadiriyya, Naqshabandiyya. 34. Muslim contribution to Natural and Social Sciences: Medicine, Mathematics, Astronomy, Historiography, Geography, chemistry and Botany, including Prominent classical thinkers and scientists Al-Mawardi, Al-Biruni, Ibn-Tayimiyya, Ibn-Khaldun, Ibn al-Baytar, Ibn al-Haytham etc. 35. Advent of Western Modernity and Technology in Egypt and India, Muhammad Ali Pasha and his reforms, Tanzimat, and Sir Syed and his educational movement. 36. Modern religious movements: The Wahabiyya, the Sokoto and Faraizi movement, Shah Waliullah and his movement, Syed Ahmad Shaheed and his movement, Ikhwan al-Muslimun and Jamaate-Islami. 37. Young Turk Movement, Nursi Movement, Arab Nationalism: Abdul Rehman al-Kawakibi, and Western Modernity in Turkey and Iran: Mustafa Kemal and Reza Shah. 38. Muslim Modernist thinkers: Ali-Abdul Raziq, Qasim Amin, Fazlur Rahman, and Contemporary Muslim Organisations and Schools of Thought: Deoband, Nadwa, the Salfis and Barelvis. 39. Modern Islamic Thinkers: Jamalud-din-Afghani, Muhammad Abduh, Rashid Rida, Hasan al- Banna, Syed Qutb, Shibli Nomani, Allama Iqbal, Abul-A´la Maududi, Ayatullah Khomeini, Ali Shariati and Ahmed Kasravi Tabrezi, and The Iranian Revolution. 40. The Palestine Problem – Liberation Organisation: PLO, Hamas, and Hezbollah, The Arab Spring, Egypt: Democracy on Trial, Conflicts in West Asia: Iraq, Libya, Syria and Yeman, and Indo-Arab Relations.
English Notes For Assistant Professor Ugc Nta Net Exam
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Author : Mocktime Publication
language : en
Publisher: by Mocktime Publication
Release Date : 101-01-01
English Notes For Assistant Professor Ugc Nta Net Exam written by Mocktime Publication and has been published by by Mocktime Publication this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 101-01-01 with Study Aids categories.
Syllabus: 1. Drama: Understanding core concepts, diverse forms, and historical development. 2. Drama: Exploring major playwrights and influential theatrical movements. 3. Drama: Applying techniques for analysis and critical interpretation of dramatic texts. 4. Drama: Assessment of critical reading, critical thinking, and writing skills through comprehension passages covering all literatures in English. 5. Poetry: Understanding fundamental elements, prosody, and various poetic genres. 6. Poetry: Exploring significant poets, key movements, and distinct stylistic features. 7. Poetry: Applying methods for appreciation and critical evaluation of poetic works. 8. Poetry: Assessment of critical reading, critical thinking, and writing skills through comprehension passages covering all literatures in English. 9. Fiction: Understanding narrative structures, core elements, and the evolution of the novel. 10. Fiction: Exploring major novelists and their contributions to the development of fiction. 11. Short story: Understanding its distinct characteristics, diverse forms, and historical development. 12. Fiction, short story: Assessment of critical reading, critical thinking, and writing skills through comprehension passages covering all literatures in English. 13. Non-Fictional Prose: Understanding its various types, purposes, and key characteristics. 14. Non-Fictional Prose: Exploring prominent writers and their influential works. 15. Non-Fictional Prose: Analyzing rhetorical strategies, diverse styles, and overall impact. 16. Non-Fictional Prose: Assessment of critical reading, critical thinking, and writing skills through comprehension passages covering all literatures in English. 17. Language: Basic concepts (e.g., phonetics, morphology, syntax, semantics). 18. Language: Key theories of language structure, acquisition, and change. 19. Language: Pedagogy, including methods and approaches for teaching English. 20. English in Use: Practical application, varieties, and its role in communication. 21. English in India: Its history, including introduction and spread. 22. English in India: Its evolution, encompassing changes in role and form. 23. English in India: Contemporary status, features, and significance. 24. English in India: Its futures, considering prospects and ongoing debates. 25. Cultural Studies: Introduction to basic concepts, theories, and scope. 26. Cultural Studies: Examining its relationship with literature, media, and society. 27. Cultural Studies: Analyzing themes of identity, power, representation, and ideology. 28. Cultural Studies: Exploring diverse methodologies and critical approaches. 29. Literary Criticism: Tracing its history from classical origins to early 20th century. 30. Literary Criticism: Studying major critics and their influential contributions. 31. Literary Criticism: Understanding different schools, approaches, and critical methods. 32. Literary Criticism: Practical application of critical principles to literary texts. 33. Literary Theory post World War II: Contexts of emergence and key developments. 34. Literary Theory post World War II: Major movements (e.g., Structuralism, Post-structuralism). 35. Literary Theory post World War II: Diverse perspectives (e.g., Marxism, Feminism, Post-colonialism). 36. Literary Theory post World War II: Its application and impact on literary studies. 37. Research Methods in English: Introduction to methodologies and types of research. 38. Research Methods in English: Developing research questions, proposals, and design. 39. Research Materials in English: Identifying, evaluating, and utilizing sources. 40. Research Methods and Materials in English: Academic writing, documentation, and ethics.
Commerce Notes For Assistant Professor Ugc Nta Net Exam
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Author : Mocktime Publication
language : en
Publisher: by Mocktime Publication
Release Date : 101-01-01
Commerce Notes For Assistant Professor Ugc Nta Net Exam written by Mocktime Publication and has been published by by Mocktime Publication this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 101-01-01 with Study Aids categories.
Syllabus: 1. Concepts and elements of business environment: Economic (systems, policies - Monetary/fiscal), Political (role of government), Legal (Consumer Protection Act, FEMA), Socio-cultural factors, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). 2. International business: Scope, importance, Globalization (drivers), Modes of entry; Theories of international trade, Government intervention, Tariff/non-tariff barriers, India’s foreign trade policy. 3. Foreign direct investment (FDI) & Foreign portfolio investment (FPI): Types, Costs/benefits (home/host countries), Trends, India’s FDI policy; Balance of payments (BOP): Importance, components. 4. Regional Economic Integration (Levels, Trade creation/diversion effects, Agreements: EU, ASEAN, SAARC, NAFTA); International Economic institutions (IMF, World Bank, UNCTAD); WTO (Functions, objectives, Agriculture Agreement, GATS, TRIPS, TRIMS). 5. Basic accounting principles, concepts, postulates; Partnership Accounts (Admission, Retirement, Death, Dissolution, Insolvency). 6. Corporate Accounting (Issue, forfeiture, reissue of shares; Liquidation; Acquisition, merger, amalgamation, reconstruction); Holding company accounts. 7. Cost & Management Accounting: Marginal costing & Break-even; Standard costing; Budgetary control; Process costing; Activity Based Costing (ABC); Decision-making costing; Life cycle, Target, Kaizen costing, JIT. 8. Financial Statements Analysis (Ratio, Funds flow, Cash flow); Human Resources, Inflation, Environmental Accounting; Indian Accounting Standards & IFRS; Auditing (Independent financial audit, Vouching, Verification/valuation, Audit report, Cost audit); Recent Auditing Trends (Management, Energy, Environment, Systems, Safety). 9. Business economics: Meaning, scope; Objectives of business firms; Demand analysis (Law, Elasticity & measurement, AR/MR relationship). 10. Consumer behavior (Utility analysis, Indifference curve analysis); Law of Variable Proportions; Law of Returns to Scale. 11. Theory of cost (Short-run & long-run cost curves); Price determination: Perfect competition, Monopolistic competition. 12. Price determination: Oligopoly (Price leadership), Monopoly, Price discrimination; Pricing strategies (Skimming, Penetration, Peak load). 13. Finance: Scope, sources; Lease financing; Cost of capital; Time value of money; Capital structure. 14. Capital budgeting decisions: Conventional & scientific techniques of analysis; Working capital management. 15. Dividend decision: Theories, policies; Risk & return analysis; Asset securitization. 16. International monetary system; Foreign exchange market, Exchange rate risk & hedging; International financial markets/instruments (Euro currency, GDRs, ADRs); International arbitrage; Multinational capital budgeting. 17. Measures: Central tendency, Dispersion, Skewness; Correlation & regression (two variables). 18. Probability (Approaches, Bayes’ theorem); Probability distributions (Binomial, Poisson, Normal). 19. Research: Concept, types, designs; Data: Collection, classification; Sampling & estimation (Concepts, Methods - probability/non-probability, Sampling distribution, Central limit theorem, Standard error, Statistical estimation). 20. Hypothesis testing (z-test, t-test, ANOVA, Chi–square, Mann-Whitney U-test, Kruskal-Wallis H-test, Rank correlation); Report writing. 21. Management: Principles, functions; Organization structure (Formal/informal, Span of control); Responsibility & authority (Delegation, decentralization). 22. Motivation & leadership (Concept, theories); Corporate governance & business ethics. 23. HRM: Concept, role, functions; HR planning; Recruitment & selection; Training & development; Succession planning; Compensation management (Job evaluation, Incentives, fringe benefits). 24. Performance appraisal (incl. 360 degree); Collective bargaining & workers’ participation; Personality, Perception, Attitudes, Emotions; Group dynamics, Power & politics; Conflict & negotiation; Stress management; Organizational Culture, Development & Change. 25. Indian financial system overview; Types of banks (Commercial, RRBs, Foreign, Cooperative); RBI (Functions, Role, monetary policy management). 26. Banking sector reforms in India (Basel norms, Risk management, NPA management); Financial markets (Money, Capital, Government securities). 27. Financial Institutions (DFIs, NBFCs, Mutual Funds, Pension Funds); Financial Regulators in India; Financial sector reforms (incl. financial inclusion). 28. Digitisation of banking & financial services (Internet/mobile banking, Digital payments); Insurance (Types: Life/Non-life, Risk classification/management, Insurability limits, Re-insurance, IRDA & role). 29. Marketing: Concept, approaches, channels, mix; Strategic marketing planning; Market segmentation, targeting, positioning. 30. Product decisions (Concept, line, mix, life cycle, new product development); Pricing decisions (Factors, policies, strategies). 31. Promotion decisions (Role, methods: Advertising, Personal selling, Publicity, Sales promotion tools/techniques, Promotion mix); Distribution decisions (Channels, management). 32. Consumer Behaviour (Process, influencing factors); Service marketing; Trends (Social, Online, Green, Direct, Rural marketing, CRM); Logistics management. 33. Indian Contract Act, 1872 (Valid contract elements, Capacity, Free consent, Discharge, Breach & remedies, Quasi contracts); Special contracts (Indemnity/guarantee, Bailment/pledge, Agency). 34. Sale of Goods Act, 1930 (Sale/agreement to sell, Caveat Emptor, Rights of unpaid seller/buyer); Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 (Types, Negotiation/assignment, Dishonour/discharge). 35. Companies Act, 2013 (Nature/kinds of companies, Formation, Management, meetings, winding up); Limited Liability Partnership (Structure, formation procedure). 36. Competition Act, 2002 (Objectives, provisions); IT Act, 2000 (Objectives, provisions, Cyber crimes/penalties); RTI Act, 2005 (Objectives, provisions); IPRs (Patents, trademarks, copyrights, Emerging issues); GST (Objectives, provisions, Benefits, Implementation, Dual GST). 37. Income-tax: Basic concepts, Residential status & tax incidence, Exempted incomes, Agricultural income. 38. Computation of taxable income under various heads; Deductions from Gross total income; Assessment of Individuals; Clubbing of incomes. 39. International Taxation: Double taxation & its avoidance mechanism; Transfer pricing. 40. Corporate Tax Planning: Concepts, significance; Tax avoidance vs. tax evasion; Techniques; Tax considerations in specific business situations (Make/buy, Own/lease, Retain/Renew/Replace asset, Shut down/continue); Deduction/collection of tax at source; Advance payment of tax; E-filing of income-tax returns.
Ayurveda Biology Notes For Assistant Professor Ugc Nta Net Exam
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Author : Mocktime Publication
language : en
Publisher: by Mocktime Publication
Release Date : 101-01-01
Ayurveda Biology Notes For Assistant Professor Ugc Nta Net Exam written by Mocktime Publication and has been published by by Mocktime Publication this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 101-01-01 with Study Aids categories.
Syllabus: 1. Vedic origin & chronological development of ?yurveda, ?yurveda and various schools, understanding and relevance of a????ga ?yurveda. 2. Basic Texts and commentaries of ?yurveda, contribution of commentators to ?yurveda. 3. Introduction to b?hattray? and its importance, Introduction to laghutray? and its importance. 4. Basic understanding of nigha??u and ko?a of ?yurveda, contribution of contemporary publications in ?yurveda, Government initiatives for development of ?yurveda. 5. ?yu - lak?a?a, pary?ya, paribh??? and pram??a; Definitions of ?ar?ra, jñ?nendriya, karmendriya, mana, buddhi, citta, aha?k?ra, ?tm?. 6. lokapuru?a s?mya siddh?nta, ekadh?tu puru?a, ?a?dh?tuja puru?a, caturvi??ati tatv?tmaka puru?a and their relevance; Definitions of Ayurveda – hit?yu - ahit?yu, sukh?yu - dukh?yu, tris?tra ?yurveda - hetuli?ga- au?adha-jñ?na svastha ?tura. 7. sv?sthya lak?a?a - Dimensions of Health Corresponding to nature, prak?ti, ?tucary?, dinacary?, svasthav?tta; pa?camah?bh?ta – ?k??a-v?yu-agni-jala-p?thv? and their specific properties. 8. Theories of s?m?nya and vi?e?a; pad?rtha – theories of dravya-gu?a-karma-s?m?nya-vi?e?a-samav?ya; do?a – ?ar?rika and m?nasika; Introduction to dh?tu, mala, agni and srotas. 9. Introduction to ?ar?ra racan? kriy?; garbha?ar?ra (fetal development) - ?ukra, ?rtava, garbh?dh?na, garbha and m?s?num?sika garbha. 10. Introduction to ?ar?ra pram??a, sa?khy? ?ar?ra, a?ga-pratya?ga-ko??h??ga and ??aya; Introduction to deha prak?ti and m?nasa prak?ti. 11. Introduction to do?a, sapta dh?tu and mala vijñ?na; Definition and types of - asthi, sandhi, sn?yu, pe??, parva and ka??ar?. 12. Definition, types and numbers of srotas, dhaman?, ?ir? and n???; ojas and its importance; Definition of agni and types – ja?har?gni, dh?tv?gni and bh?t?gni; marma - Definition and types. 13. pad?rtha – Definition and types - saptapad?rtha; Definition and types of pram?, prameya, pram?t?, pram??a and pram??a catu??aya. 14. pram??a - Definition and types - ?ptopade?a, pratyak?a, anum?na and yukti pram??a; Origin of dravya, Definition and types - k?ra?a and k?rya dravya. 15. au?adha and ?h?ra dravya, ?yu?ya – an?yu?ya dravya; Basic concept of rasa pañcaka; dravya - n?ma-r?pa-gu?a-karma-yoga-prayoga-sa?yoga vijñ?na. 16. Basic concept, classification, and application gu?a, v?rya and vip?ka; Basic concept of karma and its classification; dravya in accordance with karma and its uses in health and disease. 17. Rasa Shastra and bhai?ajya Kalpana: Origin and Development of rasa ??stra and bhai?ajya kalpan?; rasa - Definition, Types of rasa ?odhana prak?ra and sa?sk?ra; uparasa s?dh?ra?a rasa, ratna, and uparatna, – Definition; Types of ?odhana and m?ra?a. 18. Principles of au?adha nirm??a, j?ra?a, m?ra?a, satvap?tana, nirv?pa and ?v?pa; Basic concept of bhai?ajya kalpan?; rasa??l? - Conventional and Contemporary aspects, Good Collection Practices and Good Manufacturing Practices. 19. Basic Pharmaceutical dosage forms and Secondary dosage forms of ?yurveda; Definition of pu?a, its types and use in various pharmaceutical forms; au?adha sevana k?la and au?adha sevana m?rga. 20. Pharmacopeia: ?yurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (API) - Introduction, development and importance; ?yurvedic Formulary of India (AFI) - Introduction, development and importance; Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 in relation to ASU Drugs and Standardization of ASU drugs; Extra-pharmacopoeial drugs (Anukta dravya) not finding place in Ayurvedic Classics; Knowledge of pharmaco-vigilance in ?yurveda and conventional system of medicine; Pharmacogenomics of active compounds of ?yurveda and multi-omics approach. 21. Disease Biology: Definition of disease, Etiology and Pathology; Congenital and Acquired diseases; Communicable and Non-communicable diseases; Genetic and Epigenetic factors in health and diseases; Autoimmune diseases and Lifestyle disorders; Deficiency and Metabolic diseases; Psychological disorders; Benign tumors and various types of cancers. 22. Microbiology: Historical perspectives of Microbiology, Immunization, Epidemics and Pandemics; Antimicrobial resistance, Immune response by microorganisms, Sterilization and disinfection; Microbial Diversity and Physiology; Gut-Brain axis (GBA) and Microbiome. 23. Microorganisms isolation and characterization, culture media; Environmental microflora, Bio-remediation, Dairy microbiology, Indicator organisms and tests and water borne diseases; Genetic Recombination, Transformation, Conjugation and Transduction. 24. Immunology: Role of RBCs, WBCs, platelets and plasma proteins in immune mechanisms; Biophysics of Immune System, Structure of antigen and antibody molecules, Antigen recognition by T cell and B cells, B-cell receptors, TCR gene rearrangement, antigen presentation and MHC/HLA complex; Antigen antibody reactions, Innate immune cells, Pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP), Pathogen recognition receptors (PRR) and Complement system; Natural and Acquired immunity, cell-mediated immunity and toxicity and cytokines; Immunopathology and autoimmune diseases, transplant rejection and allergy, Immunomodulators; Antibody isolation and purification, ELISA, immunoblotting, immunohistochemistry, immunoprecipitation, immune cell isolation, flow cytometry and Immunotherapy; History of vaccines, attenuated vaccine, heat-killed vaccine, subunit vaccine, recombinant vaccine, DNA vaccine, RNA vaccine, dendritic cell-based vaccine, Virus- Like Particles, adjuvants and their role in vaccine. 25. Genetics and Ayurgenomics: Principles of Inheritance and Variation, Historical Perspectives of Genetics; Human genome and its evolution; Exploring genotype to phenotype correlation, Multi-OMIC and its correlation with do?aprak?ti and medicinal plants. 26. Basics of human genomics, regulatory mechanisms of genetic variation, its role in health, diseases and adaptation including drug response; Population genomics, Disease genomics, Pharmaco-genomics, Nutrigenomics, and scientific approaches and initiatives towards discovery of biomarkers; Approach, limitation and challenges in discovery, development and delivery of P4 and P5 (Predictive, Preventive, Personalized, Participatory and Promotive) medicinal aspects of ?yurveda. 27. Cell and Molecular Biology: Plant and animal cells - Structure and Function; Early evidences and Experiments of DNA as the genetic material, Chemistry of Nucleic acids, Nucleotides, Chargaff’s rule; Watson-Crick model and forms of DNA; types of RNAs, Concept of gene and genome, difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotic genes, C-value paradox, Triplexes, quadruplexes and aptamers. 28. DNA replication-conservative, semi-conservative and dispersive models, DNA replicative enzymes and mechanisms of DNA replication; Types of gene mutations - base substitution, frame shift mutation, insertion, deletion, missense, nonsense, reverse, suppressor and lethal mutations; DNA damage and repair mechanisms; Gene expression and regulation in prokaryotes, structure of prokaryotic gene, structure and functions of RNA polymerase and its subunits; Mechanism of Gene Transcription and Translation, Genetic code, Gene structure, expression and regulation in eukaryotes, RNA polymerases, Post-transcriptional modifications and Operon concept; Basic concepts of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology. 29. Physiology: Fundamentals of human physiology and cellular function; Digestive System – Digestion, Absorption and Metabolism; Respiratory and Circulatory Systems – Breathing and exchange of gases, Body fluids and circulation; Nervous Systems – Central and Autonomic nervous system, Neurophysiology and Cerebrospinal fluids. 30. Excretory and Endocrine Systems – Excretory products and their elimination from the body, acid-base regulation, Endocrine glands and Hormonal functions; Reproductive System – Human reproductive physiology and Embryonic development; Voluntary and Involuntary movements and their coordination. 31. Biochemistry: Concept of atoms and molecules, molecular interactions, stereochemistry and their importance in biological systems; Carbohydrate chemistry and metabolism, Disorders associated with carbohydrate metabolism; Lipid chemistry and metabolism, Disorders associated with lipid metabolism, Lipidomics; Chemistry and metabolism of Proteins and Amino acids, Ramachandran plot, primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure of proteins, Mechanisms and specificity of Enzymes, Coenzymes and Cofactors, Disorders associated with protein and amino acid metabolism, proteomics; Heme synthesis and disorders; Structure, function and metabolisms of nucleic acids, DNA and RNA. 32. Nanotechnology: Physical properties and types of the nanoparticles, Nanoparticles of various basic pharmaceutical forms of ?yurveda and Green nanotechnology; Synthesis of nanomaterials using different methods, Molecular basis of biosynthesis of nanomaterials, assessment of plant, animal and mineral-based drugs for nanomaterials; Characterizations of nanoparticles - transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), fluroscence microscopy, atomic force microscope (AFM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), UV – visible absorption; photoluminescence; Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and dynamic light scattering spectroscopy (DLS); Nanomaterials in bio-sensors and other applications and Interaction of nanomaterials; Molecular basis of nano-formulations. 33. Biodiversity and Environmental Health: Biodiversity of Medicinal plants and animals, Concept and Practices of environmental health, Pathways for synthesis of primary and secondary metabolites and their uses; Pharmacological properties of secondary and active metabolites of medicinal plants used in ?yurveda; Concept of ecosystem, structure, function and types of ecosystem, energy flow in an ecosystem: food chain, food web and ecological succession. 34. Biodiversity and its conservation, Levels of biological diversity, biogeography zones of India, biodiversity patterns and global biodiversity hot spots, India as a megabiodiversity nation; Renewable and non-renewable biological resources and their importance in longevity of life; Degradation of biodiversity, loss of medicinal plants and animal life, and its impact on indigenous knowledge. 35. Intellectual Property Rights (IPR): Concept, meaning and types of Intellectual Property (IP), Origin, nature, philosophy and importance of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR), Current Best Practices (CBP) and legal framework of IPR; Protection of Traditional Knowledge System (TKS), prevention of bio-piracy and bioprospecting, benefits to national economy, conservation of environment, protection of livelihood of TK stake- holders, TKS and innovation in Indian medicine system; Introduction to the Indian patent office and National Biodiversity Authority and their role in the protection of TKS, Different types of IPR protection in India, Indian Legislations – Patents Act of India (1970); Biological Diversity Act (2002), Convention of Biological Diversity (1992), Plant Protection Variety and Farmers Rights Act (2001) and Geographical Indication Act 1999 etc. with respect to TKS; The role of databases and registers in the legal protection of TKS - Traditional Knowledge Digital Library (TKDL) through World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO); WTO, TRIPS, World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO), Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD); FAO; Nagoya Protocol on access and benefit-sharing. 36. Entrepreneurship: Definition of Entrepreneur, Entrepreneurial traits, and Entrepreneur versus Manager, Entrepreneurial decision processes, Ethical, Legal and Socio-cultural responsibilities; Opportunities for Entrepreneurs in relation to food and drugs of Ayurveda for wellness; Innovations and new ideas in ?yurveda R&D, Product planning, development and troubleshooting, Types of ?yurveda industries and manufacturing, and Competitive dynamics between the sub-industries; Entrepreneurship development programs of public and private agencies (MSME, Ministry of Ayush, Make in India), Challenges in ?yurveda industry and decision-making, Patenting and Commercialization strategies; Laboratory to market - strategies and processes of negotiation with financiers, government and regulatory authorities, Pricing strategy, challenges in marketing in ?yurveda business, Distribution channels, supply chain, Analysis and management of customer needs; Business preparation including statutory and legal requirements, business feasibility study, Financial management in capital procurement and cost management, Collaborations and partnership. 37. Research Methodology: Research Methodologies and Bioethics in ?yurveda; Fundamental principles-based research in ?yurveda; Food and drug-based research in Ayurveda; Pre-clinical and Clinical trials - types, protocol designing and data management in accordance with the principles of ?yurveda. 38. Various extraction methods of plant materials, Concept of polarity for extraction and Solvents used for the extraction; Purification of bioactive compounds through various chromatographic methods; Identification of Functional Groups in Phytochemicals. 39. Biostatistics: Average, Mean, Mode, Median; Descriptive statistics, Various Statistical tests of significance and Analysis of variance; Power and sample size calculation and Basic Principles of Statistical Inference; Correlation analysis, Regression analysis and Survival analysis; Genome Mapping Statistics and Bioinformatics; Types of data and its classification, multi-dimensional data, big data, meta data, linear algebraic treatment to data, matrices, eigen values and eigenvectors, and singular value decomposition; Exploratory data analysis, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. 40. Ayurveda-informatics: Chronological Development of ?yurvedic drug manufacturing industries; Government policies and initiatives for the development of ?yurveda as traditional System of Medicine of India for the wellbeing of the world; Ordinance, Rules and Regulations in the manufacturing of quality, safety and efficacy of ?yurvedic drugs for the consumers; Review of important modern works on classical medicinal plants published by Ministry of AYUSH and ICMR, Govt of India; Important organizations of Ayurveda – National Commission for Indian System of Medicine (NCISM), Central Council for Research in ?yurvedic Sciences (CCRAS), ?yurvedic Pharmacopeia commission, National Medicinal Plants Board and Traditional Knowledge Digital Library (TKDL), etc; Research publication portals in ?yurveda and contemporary medical science - DHARA, PubMed, Ayush Research Portal, Bioinformatics Centre and Research Management Informatic System; Use of modern technology to confirm the various fundamental principles, drug research and development for communicable and non-communicable diseases; Health informatics in ?yurveda in present global scenario.
Education Notes For Assistant Professor Ugc Nta Net Exam
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Author : Mocktime Publication
language : en
Publisher: by Mocktime Publication
Release Date : 101-01-01
Education Notes For Assistant Professor Ugc Nta Net Exam written by Mocktime Publication and has been published by by Mocktime Publication this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 101-01-01 with Study Aids categories.
Syllabus: 1. Contribution of Indian Schools of philosophy (Sankhya Yoga, Vedanta, Buddhism, Jainism) with special reference to Vidya, Dayanand Darshan, and Islamic traditions towards educational aims and methods of acquiring valid knowledge; AND the Contribution of Western schools of thoughts (Idealism, Realism, Naturalism, Pragmatism, Marxism, Existentialism) and their contribution to Education with special reference to information, knowledge and wisdom. 2. Approaches to Sociology of Education (symbolic Interaction, Structural Functionalism and Conflict Theory); Concept and types of social Institutions and their functions (family, school and society); Concept of Social Movements, Theories of Social Movements (Relative Deprivation, Resource Mobilization, Political Process Theory and New Social Movement Theory). 3. Socialization and education- education and culture; Contribution of thinkers (Swami Vivekananda, Rabindranath Tagore, Mahatma Gandhi, Aurobindo, J.Krishnamurthy, Paulo Freire, Wollstonecraft, Nel Noddings and Savitribai Phule) to the development of educational thought for social change; National Values as enshrined in the Indian Constitution - Socialism, Secularism, justice, liberty, democracy, equality, freedom with special reference to education. 4. Committees and Commissions’ Contribution to Teacher Education: Secondary Education Commission (1953), Kothari Education Commission (1964-66), National Policy of Education (1986,1992), National Commission on Teachers (1999), National Curriculum Framework 2005, National Knowledge Commission (2007), Yashpal Committee Report (2009), National Curriculum Framework for Teacher Education (2009), Justice Verma Committee Report (2012). 5. Relationship between Policies and Education, Linkage between Educational Policy and National Development, Determinants of Educational Policy and Process of Policy formulation: Analysis of the existing situation, generation of policy options, evaluation of policy options, making the policy decision, planning of policy implementation, policy impact assessment and subsequent policy cycles. 6. Concept of Economics of Education: Cost Benefit Analysis Vs Cost Effective Analysis in Education, Economic returns to Higher Education Signaling Theory Vs Human Capital Theory, Concept of Educational Finance; Educational finance at Micro and Macro Levels, Concept of Budgeting. 7. Relationship Between Politics and Education, Perspectives of Politics of Education Liberal, Conservative and Critical, Approaches to understanding Politics (Behaviouralism, Theory of Systems Analysis and Theory of Rational Choice), Education for Political Development and Political Socialization. 8. Growth and Development: Concept and principles, Cognitive Processes and stages of Cognitive Development, Personality: Definitions and theories (Freud, Carl Rogers, Gordon Allport, Max Wertheimer, Kurt Koffka), Mental health and Mental hygiene. 9. Approaches to Intelligence from Unitary to Multiple: Concepts of Social intelligence, multiple intelligence, emotional intelligence; Theories of Intelligence by Sternberg, Gardner; Assessment of Intelligence; Concepts of Problem Solving, Critical thinking, Metacognition and Creativity. 10. Principles and Theories of learning: Behaviouristic, Cognitive and Social theories of learning, Factors affecting social learning, social competence, Concept of social cognition, understanding social relationship and socialization goals. 11. Guidance and Counselling: Nature, Principles and Need, Types of guidance (educational, vocational, personal, health and social & Directive, Non-directive and Eclectic), Approaches to counselling – Cognitive-Behavioural (Albert Ellis – REBT) & Humanistic, Personcentred Counselling (Carl Rogers) - Theories of Counselling (Behaviouristic, Rational, Emotive and Reality). 12. Meaning, Nature and Scope of Teacher Education; Types of Teacher Education Programs; The Structure of Teacher Education Curriculum and its Vision in Curriculum Documents of NCERT and NCTE at Elementary, Secondary and Higher Secondary Levels; Organization of Components of Pre-service Teacher Education Transactional Approaches (for foundation courses) Expository, Collaborative and Experiential learning. 13. Understanding Knowledge base of Teacher Education from the view point of Schulman, Deng and Luke & Habermas; Meaning of Reflective Teaching and Strategies for Promoting Reflective Teaching; Models of Teacher Education - Behaviouristic, Competency-based and Inquiry Oriented Teacher Education Models. 14. Concept, Need, Purpose and Scope of In-service Teacher Education; Organization and Modes of In-service Teacher Education; Agencies and Institutions of In-service Teacher Education at District, State and National Levels (SSA, RMSA, SCERT, NCERT, NCTE and UGC); Preliminary Consideration in Planning in-service teacher education programme (Purpose, Duration, Resources and Budget). 15. Concept of Profession and Professionalism; Teaching as a Profession; Professional Ethics of Teachers; Personal and Contextual factors affecting Teacher Development; ICT Integration, Quality Enhancement for Professionalization of Teacher Education; Innovation in Teacher Education. 16. Concept and Principles of Curriculum; Strategies of Curriculum Development; Stages in the Process of Curriculum development; Foundations of Curriculum Planning - Philosophical Bases (National, democratic), Sociological basis (socio cultural reconstruction), Psychological Bases (learner’s needs and interests); Bench marking and Role of National level Statutory Bodies - UGC, NCTE and University in Curriculum Development. 17. Models of Curriculum Design: Traditional and Contemporary Models (Academic / Discipline Based Model, Competency Based Model, Social Functions / Activities Model [social reconstruction], Individual Needs & Interests Model, Outcome Based Integrative Model, Intervention Model, C I P P Model (Context, Input, Process, Product Model)). 18. Instructional System, Instructional Media, Instructional Techniques and Material in enhancing curriculum Transaction; Approaches to Evaluation of Curriculum: Approaches to Curriculum and Instruction (Academic and Competency Based Approaches); Models of Curriculum Evaluation: Tyler’s Model, Stakes’ Model, Scriven’s Model, Kirkpatrick’s Model. 19. Meaning and types of Curriculum change; Factors affecting curriculum change; Approaches to curriculum change; Role of students, teachers and educational administrators in curriculum change and improvement; Scope of curriculum research and Types of Research in Curriculum Studies. 20. Meaning and Scope of Educational Research; Meaning and steps of Scientific Method, Characteristics of Scientific Method (Replicability, Precision, Falsifiability and Parsimony), Types of Scientific Method (Exploratory, Explanatory and Descriptive); Aims of research as a scientific activity: Problem-solving, Theory Building and Prediction. 21. Types of research (Fundamental, Applied and Action); Approaches to educational research (Quantitative and Qualitative); Designs in educational research (Descriptive, Experimental and Historical). 22. Variables: Meaning of Concepts, Constructs and Variables, Types of Variables (Independent, Dependent, Extraneous, Intervening and Moderator); Hypotheses - Concept, Sources, Types (Research, Directional, Non-directional, Null), Formulating Hypothesis, Characteristics of a good hypothesis; Steps of Writing a Research Proposal. 23. Concept of Universe and Sample, Characteristics of a good Sample, Techniques of Sampling (Probability and Non-probability Sampling); Tools of Research - Validity, Reliability and Standardisation of a Tool, Types of Tools (Rating scale, Attitude scale, Questionnaire, Aptitude test and Achievement Test, Inventory); Techniques of Research (Observation, Interview and Projective Techniques). 24. Types of Measurement Scale (Nominal, Ordinal, Interval and Ratio); Quantitative Data Analysis - Descriptive data analysis (Measures of central tendency, variability, fiduciary limits and graphical presentation of data), Testing of Hypothesis (Type I and Type II Errors), Levels of Significance, Power of a statistical test and effect size; Parametric Techniques, Non-Parametric Techniques, Conditions to be satisfied for using parametric techniques; Inferential data analysis; Use and Interpretation of statistical techniques: Correlation, t-test, z-test, ANOVA, chi-square (Equal Probability and Normal Probability Hypothesis). 25. Qualitative Data Analysis - Data Reduction and Classification, Analytical Induction and Constant Comparison, Concept of Triangulation; Qualitative Research Designs: Grounded Theory Designs (Types, characteristics, designs, Steps in conducting a GT research, Strengths and Weakness of GT), Narrative Research Designs (Meaning and key Characteristics, Steps in conducting NR design), Case Study (Meaning, Characteristics, Components of a CS design, Types of CS design, Steps of conducting a CS research, Strengths and weaknesses), Ethnography (Meaning, Characteristics, Underlying assumptions, Steps of conducting ethnographic research, Writing ethnographic account, Strengths and weaknesses), Mixed Method Designs: Characteristics, Types of MM designs (Triangulation, explanatory and exploratory designs), Steps in conducting a MM designs, Strengths and weakness of MM research. 26. Pedagogy, Pedagogical Analysis - Concept and Stages; Critical Pedagogy- Meaning, Need and its implications in Teacher Education; Organizing Teaching: Memory Level (Herbartian Model), Understanding Level (Morrison teaching Model), Reflective Level (Bigge and Hunt teaching Model); Concept of Andragogy in Education: Meaning, Principles, Competencies of Self-directed Learning, Theory of Andragogy (Malcolm Knowles), The Dynamic Model of Learner Autonomy. 27. Assessment – Meaning, nature, perspectives (assessment for Learning, assessment of learning and Assessment of Learning) - Types of Assessment (Placement, formative, diagnostic, summative); Relations between objectives and outcomes; Assessment of Cognitive (Anderson and Krathwohl), Affective (Krathwohl) and psychomotor domains (R.H. Dave) of learning. 28. Assessment in Pedagogy of Education including Feedback Devices: Meaning, Types, Criteria, Guidance as a Feedback Devices, Assessment of Portfolios, Reflective Journal, Field Engagement using Rubrics, Competency Based Evaluation, Assessment of Teacher Prepared ICT Resources; AND Assessment in Andragogy of Education including Interaction Analysis: Flanders’ Interaction analysis, Galloway’s system of interaction analysis (Recording of Classroom Events, Construction and Interpretation of Interaction Matrix), Criteria for teacher evaluation (Product, Process and Presage criteria), Rubrics for Self and Peer evaluation (Meaning, steps of construction). 29. Concept of Educational Technology (ET) as a Discipline: (Information Technology, Communication Technology & Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and Instructional Technology); Applications of Educational Technology in formal, non formal (Open and Distance Learning), informal and inclusive education systems; Overview of Behaviourist, Cognitive and Constructivist Theories and their implications to Instructional Design (Skinner, Piaget, Ausubel, Bruner, Vygotsky); Relationship between Learning Theories and Instructional Strategies (for large and small groups, formal and non formal groups ). 30. Systems Approach to Instructional Design; Models of Development of Instructional Design (ADDIE, ASSURE, Dick and Carey Model Mason’s); Gagne’s Nine Events of Instruction and Five E’s of Constructivism; Nine Elements of Constructivist Instructional Design; Application of Computers in Education: CAI, CAL, CBT, CML; Concept, Process of preparing ODLM; Concept of e learning, Approaches to e learning (Offline, Online, Synchronous, Asynchronous, Blended learning, mobile learning). 31. Emerging Trends in e learning: Social learning (concept , use of web 2.0 tools for learning, social networking sites, blogs, chats, video conferencing, discussion forum); Open Education Resources (Creative Common, Massive Open Online Courses; Concept and application); E Inclusion - Concept of E Inclusion, Application of Assistive technology in E learning; Quality of E Learning – Measuring quality of system: Information, System, Service, User Satisfaction and Net Benefits (D&M IS Success Model, 2003); Ethical Issues for E Learner and E Teacher - Teaching, Learning and Research. 32. Use of ICT in Evaluation, Administration and Research: E portfolios, ICT for Research - Online Repositories and Online Libraries, Online and Offline assessment tools (Online survey tools or test generators) – Concept and Development. 33. Educational Management and Administration – Meaning, Principles, Functions and importance; Institutional building; POSDCORB, CPM, PERT, Management as a system, SWOT analysis; Taylorism; Administration as a process, Administration as a bureaucracy; Human relations approach to Administration; Organisational compliance, Organinsational development, Organisational climate. 34. Leadership in Educational Administration: Meaning and Nature; Approaches to leadership: Trait, Transformational, Transactional, Value based, Cultural, Psychodynamic and Charismatic; Models of Leadership (Blake and Mouton’s Managerial Grid, Fiedler’s Contingency Model, Tri-dimensional Model, Hersey and Blanchard’s Model, Leader-Member Exchange Theory). 35. Concept of Quality and Quality in Education: Indian and International perspective; Evolution of Quality: Inspection, Quality Control, Quality Assurance, Total Quality Management (TQM), Six sigma; Quality Gurus: Walter Shewart, Edward Deming, C.K Pralhad. 36. Change Management: Meaning, Need for Planned change, Three- Step-Model of Change (Unfreezing, Moving, Refreezing); The Japanese Models of Change: Just-in-Time, Poka yoke; Cost of Quality: Appraisal Costs, Failure costs and Preventable costs, Cost Benefit Analysis, Cost Effective Analysis; Indian and International Quality Assurance Agencies: Objectives, Functions, Roles and Initiatives (National Assessment Accreditation Council [NAAC], Performance Indicators, Quality Council of India [QCI] , International Network for Quality Assurance Agencies in Higher Education [INQAAHE]). 37. Inclusive Education: Concept, Principles, Scope and Target Groups (Diverse learners; Including Marginalized group and Learners with Disabilities); Evolution of the Philosophy of Inclusive Education: Special, Integrated, Inclusive Education; Legal Provisions: Policies and Legislations (National Policy of Education (1986), Programme of Action of Action (1992), Persons with Disabilities Act (1995), National Policy of Disabilities (2006), National Curriculum Framework (2005), Concession and Facilities to Diverse Learners (Academic and Financial), Rehabilitation Council of India Act (1992), Inclusive Education under Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA), Features of UNCRPD (United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities) and its Implication. 38. Concept of Impairment, Disability and Handicap; Classification of Disabilities based on ICF Model; Readiness of School and Models of Inclusion; Prevalence, Types, Characteristics and Educational Needs of Diverse learners’ Intellectual, Physical and Multiple Disabilities; Causes and prevention of disabilities; Identification of Diverse Learners for Inclusion; Educational Evaluation Methods, Techniques and Tools. 39. Planning and Management of Inclusive Classrooms: Infrastructure, Human Resource and Instructional Practices; Curriculum and Curricular Adaptations for Diverse Learners; Assistive and Adaptive Technology for Diverse learners: Product (Aids and Appliances) and Process (Individualized Education Plan, Remedial Teaching); Parent- Professional Partnership: Role of Parents, Peers, Professionals, Teachers, School. 40. Barriers and Facilitators in Inclusive Education: Attitude, Social and Educational; Current Status and Ethical Issues of inclusive education in India; Research Trends of Inclusive Education in India.
Buddhist Jaina Gandhian And Peace Stusied Notes For Assistant Professor Ugc Nta Net Exam
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Author : Mocktime Publication
language : en
Publisher: by Mocktime Publication
Release Date : 101-01-01
Buddhist Jaina Gandhian And Peace Stusied Notes For Assistant Professor Ugc Nta Net Exam written by Mocktime Publication and has been published by by Mocktime Publication this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 101-01-01 with Study Aids categories.
Syllabus: 1. Life of Gautama the Buddha and the Origin of Buddhism (From the birth to Mah?parinirv??a and the events happened thereafter). 2. Buddhist Councils (From first to fourth) and the contribution of great emperor A?oka and Kani?ka to the spread of Buddhism in India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, China and Tibet. 3. Schools of Buddhism: Therav?da and four Philosophical Schools (Vaibh??ika, Sautr?ntika, Vij??nav?da and M?dhyamika). 4. Pali and Sanskrit Canonical Buddhist Literature (P?li Tipi?aka and Sanskrit Vaipulya S?tras); Life and Works of Buddhaghosa, N?g?rjuna, Vasubandhu and Dharmak?rti. 5. Three modes of Teachings of the Buddha: S?la, Sam?dhi and Praj??. 6. Philosophical Concepts: Trilak?a?as: Anitya, Du?kha and An?tma; (ii) Noble Truths; (iii) Prat?tya-samutp?da. 7. Philosophical Concepts: (iv) Citta-santati and ?laya-vij??na; (v) ??nyat? and Nirv??a; Budddhist Meditation: Samatha and Vipassan?. 8. Six heretical thinkers, contemporary to the Buddha and their Philosophy. 9. Ancient Buddhist Educational Institutions (Mah?vih?ras): N?land?, Valabhi, Vikrama?il?, Udantapur?, Somapur? and Jagaddala. 10. Buddhist sculpture and Architecture: N?land?, Bodhagay? Temple, Ajant? Caves, S?nc? St?pa, S?ran?tha. 11. Places of Buddhist Pilgrimage: Lumbin?, Bodhagay?, S?ran?tha and Ku??n?r?; Impact of Buddhism on Social and Economic life. 12. Revival of Buddhism and Contribution of An?garika Dharmap?la, Mah?thera, K?p??ara?a, Candrama?i Mah?thera and Bhik?hu Jagad??a K??yapa. 13. History of Jainism: K?lacakra (cycle of time) and the tradition of T?rtha?karas - Life-sketch of Lord ??abhadeva, P?r?van?tha and Mah?v?ra. 14. Jain Sects and their sub-division: Digambara and ?vet?mbara and their subsects; Prakrit Canonical (?gama) Literature and their V?CAN?S (councils). 15. ?amok?ra Mah?mantra, Five Preceptor (Pañca Parame??hi), Prayer, Bhakti, Up?san?; Three Jewels: Samyakdar?ana-Jñ?na-C?ritra. 16. Prominent ?c?ryas of Jainism: Life and works of ?c?rya Kundakunda, ?c?rya Um?sv?mi(ti), ?c?rya Siddhasena, ?c?rya Akala?ka sv?mi, ?c?rya Haribhadra S?ri, ?c?rya V?rasena Sv?mi, ?c?rya Jinasena, ?c?rya Hemchandra S?ri and ?c?rya Ya?ovijay. 17. Vows: vows of Householders- A?uvratas, Gu?avratas and ?ik??vratas; Great Vows (Mah?vratas) of Monks- Ahi?s? (non-violence), Satya (truth), Asteya (non-stealing), Bra?macarya (celibacy) and Aparigraha (non-possessiveness). 18. Seven elements and six substance; Theory of Karma and its classification, Puru??rtha. 19. The concept of Knowledge and its classification; Anek?ntav?da and Sy?dv?da. 20. Jain Yoga and Dhy?na; The concept of Liberation in Jainism. 21. Jain Art (?ilpa) and Architecture: Jain caves and temples of Southern India, Jain Temples of Khajur?ho, Devagar?a, P?lit?n? and Mount-?bu. 22. Jain Sculptures, Paintings and Jain Iconography: important Jain Sculptures available in India, Idols received from ?rava?abelagol? and Mathur?. 23. Impact of Jain Religion on Society: Vegetarianism (?ak?h?ra) and Charity (D?na); Status of women in Jain Religion; Environmental and Ecological thoughts in Jainism. 24. Jainism and Science; Main Centres of Jaina Learning: ?rava?abelagol?, Jesalamera, Ahmedabad, Varanasi, Vaishali, Koba, Ladnun, Jaipur, Delhi; Jainism in abroad. 25. Mahatma Gandhi: (i) Family background (ii) Early life and education in India and England (iii) Impact of various Religions and their Scriptures. 26. Gandhi in South Africa: (i) The origin of Satyagraha. 27. Gandhi in South Africa: (ii) Struggle against Racial discrimination, injustice and exploitation. 28. Gandhi in South Africa: (iii) Impact of Leo Tolstoy, John Ruskin, Henry David Thoreau, Raichandra Bhai etc. 29. Under "Foundations of Gandhi’s Social, Political, Economic and Religious Thought": (i) Views on Social Justice, Social inequalities, Caste System and Untouchability, and (ii) Women’s Problems and Empowerment. 30. Under "Foundations of Gandhi’s Social, Political, Economic and Religious Thought": (iii) Gandhi’s views on Truth, Non-Violence, Satyagraha and the Theory of ends and means. 31. State and Democracy (Gandhi’s views on): (i) Panchayat Raj (ii) Parliamentary Democracy, Sovereignty, Freedom, Spiritualization of politics (iii) Human Rights and Duties. 32. Fundamentals of Gandhian Economics: (i) Critique of Modern Western Civilization, Labour – Capital Relations (ii) Small-Scale Cottage Industries (iii) Constructive Programme and Sustainable Development. 33. Gandhi’s Role in Freedom Movement: (i) Champaran (ii) Non-Cooperation. 34. Gandhi’s Role in Freedom Movement: (iii) Ahmedabad Mill Strike, Dandi March (iv) Bardoli and Kheda Satyagrahas. 35. Gandhi’s Role in Freedom Movement: (v) His Role in Vykom Satyagraha and Quit India Movement. 36. Gandhi and Partition of India. 37. Peace Studies: (i) Understanding Peace – Coercive and Non-Coercive Approaches, Culture of Peace. (ii) The problem of War: Causes, Types, Attributes and Theories of War. 38. Major Peace Movements: (i) Pacifism, Civil Rights Movement in U.S.A. Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament by various Agencies. (ii) Green Peace Movement. (iii) The contemporary Global Issues regarding World War and Quest for Peace. 39. Legacy of Peace Builders: Mahatma Gandhi, Martin Luther King (Jr.), Daisaku Ikeda and Nelson Mandela; Conflicts: (i) Concept, Nature and Causes, Methods of Conflict Resolution. 40. Agencies of Conflict Resolution, UN Peace Keeping, Peace Building, Peace Education, Adjudication, Role of Shanti Sena, Track–II Diplomacy, etc.; Human Security and Terrorism: (i) The problem of Terrorism (ii) Structural and State Violence.
Anthropology Notes For Assistant Professor Ugc Nta Net Exam
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Author : Mocktime Publication
language : en
Publisher: by Mocktime Publication
Release Date : 101-01-01
Anthropology Notes For Assistant Professor Ugc Nta Net Exam written by Mocktime Publication and has been published by by Mocktime Publication this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 101-01-01 with Study Aids categories.
Syllabus: 1. Introduction to Anthropology & Research Foundations: History, development, aim, and scope of Anthropology; its relationship with other sciences; different branches of Anthropology (including Linguistic Anthropology) and their interrelationship; Research methodology and methods: Concepts of epistemology, ontology, and theoretical perspectives; Types of research (qualitative and quantitative), research design, hypothesis. 2. Fieldwork Traditions & Core Methods: Fieldwork and fieldwork tradition; Ethnography, Observation, Interview, Case Study, Life History, Focus group, PRA (Participatory Rural Appraisal), RRA (Rapid Rural Appraisal), Genealogical Method. 3. Advanced Field Methods & Data Collection: Schedules and Questionnaires, Grounded Theory, Exploration and Excavation, GIS (Geographic Information Systems). 4. Statistical Analysis & Interpretation Techniques: Statistics: concept of variables, sampling, measures of central tendency and dispersion; Parametric and nonparametric bivariate and multivariate (linear regression and logistic regression) statistical tests; Techniques of Analysis: Content analysis, Discourse analysis, and Narratives. 5. Theories of Evolution & Primate Radiation: Lamarckism, Neo-Lamarckism, Darwinism, Neo-Darwinism, Synthetic theory, neutral theory of molecular evolution; Concept of cladogenesis and anagenesis, punctuated equilibrium, selection; Trends in Primate radiation. 6. Primate Diversity & Characteristics: Primate classification and distribution of extinct and extant species; Characteristics of primates: morphological (hair), skeletal (cranial, post cranial, dental, brain), physical (opposability of thumb), locomotion (quadrupedalism, brachiation and bipedalism) and posture, Primate social behaviour; Extant Primates Distribution, characteristics and classification: Prosimii (Tarsiioidea, Lorisoidea, Lemuroidea), Anthropoidea (Ceboidea, Cercopithecoidea, Hominoidea); Morphological and anatomical characteristics of Human, Chimpanzee, Gorilla, Orangutan and Gibbon. 7. Fossil Primates & Early Hominin Evolution: Fossils of extinct Primates Oligocene-Miocene fossils – Parapithecus; Gigantopithecus, Aegyptopithecus, Dryopithecus, Ramapithecus and Sivapithecus; Pre-hominid groups: Sahelanthropus tchadensis (Toumai), Orrorin tugenensis, Ardipithecus ramidus; Early Hominids: Australopithecus afarensis, Australopithecus ramidus, Australopithecus africanus, Australopithecus (Paranthropous) boisei, Australopithecus (Paranthropous) robustus, Australopithecus bahrelghazali; Early Transitional Human: Homo habilis. 8. Homo Erectus, Archaic & Modern Humans: Hominid Evolution Characteristics and distribution of Homo erectus in general, Special reference to the fossil evidences discovered from Africa (Turkana boy), Asia (Java man and Peking man), Europe (Dmanisi), Homo floresiensis (Dwarf variety); Characteristics of Archaic sapiens with special reference to Europe (Homo heidelbergensis), Africa (Rhodesian Man), Asia (China, Jinniushan; India, Narmada Man); Neandertal man: Distribution, salient features and phylogenetic position; Characteristics of anatomically Modern Homo sapiens with special reference to Africa (Omo), Europe (Cro-magnon, Chancelade, Grimaldi), Asia (Jinniushan) and Australia (Lake Mungo); Dispersal of modern humans: Out of Africa hypothesis, Multiregional hypothesis, Partial Replacement hypothesis. 9. Modern Human Variation & Indian Populations: Modern Human Variation: Typological Model, Populational Model and Clinal Model; overview of Classification proposed by Blumenbach, Deniker, Hooton, Coon, Garn and Birdsell; Ethnic Classification and distribution of Indian Populations: H.H. Risley; B. S. Guha; S. S. Sarkar; Linguistic distribution of ethnic groups. 10. Human Genetics Study Methods & Cytogenetics: Methods of studying Human Genetics: Cytogenetics, Mendelian Genetics, Twin Genetics, Sib Pair methods, Population Genetics, Molecular Genetics; Cytogenetics: cell cycle, standard karyotyping and banding techniques (G, C and Q), chromosomal abnormalities, fluorescent in situ hybridization, Lyon’s hypothesis, importance of telomere and centromere; Linkage and chromosome mapping, genetic imprinting. 11. Modes of Inheritance & Polygenic Traits: Modes of inheritance: Autosomal (dominant, recessive, codominance), sex linked, sex influenced, sex limited, modifying genes, suppressor genes, selfish gene, multiple allelic inheritance, multifactorial inheritance (stature and skin colour), polygenic (dermatoglyphics- Finger-ball Pattern types, Dankmeijer’s Index, Furuhata’s Index and Pattern Intensity Index, Total Finger Ridge Count, Absolute Finger Ridge Count, Palmar formula and mainline index, transversality, atd angle and flexion creases). 12. Population & Molecular Genetics: Population genetics: Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, definition and application; mating patterns (random, assortative and consanguineous), inbreeding coefficient, genetic load, genetic isolate, genetic drift, genetic distance); genetic polymorphism (balanced and transient); Molecular genetics: DNA, RNA, genetic code, protein structure and synthesis, concepts of RFLPs, VNTRs, STRs, and SNPs, Mitochondrial DNA, genic and genomic mutations. 13. Human Growth, Development & Maturation: Human Growth, development and maturation: definition, concepts; Basic principles of growth; phases of growth: Prenatal and postnatal (growth and development of different body parts, subcutaneous tissues and physiological variables); Growth curves: Velocity, Distance, Acceleration and Scammon’s Growth curve; Catch up and Catch down growth; Aging and senescence with special reference to somatic, skeletal and dental maturation. 14. Factors in Growth, Study Methods & Body Composition: Factors affecting growth: Genetic and Environmental; Secular trends in growth; Methods of studying human growth: Longitudinal, Cross-sectional, Mixed longitudinal, Linked longitudinal; Body composition: Bone mass, body mass, percentage of body fat, segmental fat, body age. 15. Human Adaptation & Somatotyping: Human Adaptation: Allen’s and Bergmann’s rule; Human Adaptability Programme; human adaptation to heat, cold, high altitude; Somatotyping: Concept, Development (Kretschmer, Sheldon, Parnoll, Health-Carter) and its application. 16. Demography & Anthropological Demography: Demography: Multidisciplinary nature of demography and its relation with other disciplines; Relationship between demography and anthropological demography; Fertility (concept and determinants), Morbidity and mortality (concept and determinants), Migration (concept and determinants), Selection intensity. 17. Prehistoric Archaeology Concepts, Paradigms & Dating: Concept of prehistoric archaeology; ethno-archaeology, experimental archaeology, environmental archaeology, settlement archaeology, cognitive archaeology, geo-archaeology, action archaeology; Theoretical paradigms – descriptive to scientific period to interpretative period; Dating: Typology, seriation, geo-archaeological, obsidian hydration, chemical dating of bones, oxygen isotope, fluorine estimation, dendrochronology, radio-carbon, fission track, thermoluminescence, potassium-argon, varve clay, cross dating, amino acid racemization, palaeomagnetic. 18. Paleoenvironment & Site Formation: Paleoenvironment: Major geological stages (Tertiary, Quaternary, Pleistocene, Holocene); Major climatic changes during Pleistocene and post Pleistocene periods, glacial and interglacial periods, ice age, pluvial and inter-pluvial climatic phases; Evidences of quarternary climatic changes (moraines, varve, river terraces, loess, sea level changes, beach sequences, sea core, fluviatile deposits, palynology, palaeontology); Site formation. 19. Lithic Tool Typology & Technology: Lithic tool typology and technology: Lower Palaeolithic (pebble tools, chopper and chopping tools, bifaces, handaxes and cleavers); Middle Palaeolithic (Clactonean, Levalloisian and Mousterian flakes, discoid cores, tortoise core, fluted core, scrapers, point); Upper Palaeolithic (blade, knife, blunted back, borer, burin, points); Mesolithic (microliths); Neolithic (ring stone, grind stone, celt, adze). 20. European Lithic Cultures & Near East Neolithic: Overview of Lithic Cultures of Europe: Lower Palaeolithic: Acheulian culture; Middle Palaeolithic: Mousterian culture; Upper Palaeolithic: Perigordian, Chatelperronian, Gravettian, Aurignacian, Solutrian, Magdalenian; Mesolithic: Azilian, Tardenoisean, Maglamosean, Kitchen Midden, Natufian; Early Farming Cultures and Neolithic of the Near East: Sites like Jericho, Jarmo, Çatal Huyuk, Shanidar. 21. Indian Palaeolithic Cultures: Lower Palaeolithic Period in India Pebble tool culture: Soan Acheulian culture: Madrasian (Kortalayar Valley), Attirmpakkam, Didwana, Belan Valley, Bhimbetka, Chirki-Nevasa, Hunsgi, Krishna Valley; Importance of Hathnora, Narmada valley; Middle Palaeolithic period in India: Belan valley, Bhimbetka, Nevasa, Narmada valley; Upper Palaeolithic period in India: Renigunta, Billa Surgam, Patne, Bhimbetka, Son and Belan Valleys, Visadi, Pushkar, Gunjan Valley. 22. Indian Mesolithic & Neolithic Periods: Mesolithic period in India: Mesolithic economy and society; Post Pleistocene environmental changes; Development in microlithic technology, composite tools and bows and arrows; Sites include Bagor, Tilwara, Langhnaj, Adamgarh, Bagor, Chopani Mando, Bhimbetka, Sarai Nahar Rai, Birbhanpur; Neolithic Period in India: Economic and social consequences of food production; Settlements, population growth, craft specializations, class formation and political institutions; Sites like Burzahom, Gufkral, Ahar, Gilund, Nagada, Kayatha, Navdatoli, Eran, Nevasa, Chandoli, Daimabad, Inamgaon, Prakash, Maski, Brahmagiri, Sangankallu, Tekkalkota, Piklihal, Nagarjunakonda, Daojali Hading, Kuchai, Sarutadu. 23. Prehistoric Art, Indus Civilization & Pottery Traditions in India: Prehistoric Cave art from India: Bhimbetka, Adamgarh; Indus Civilization: Expansion of village sites; Development of metal technology, art and writing; Architecture and city planning; Stages and theories of decline; Sites like Amri, Kot Diji, Kalibangan, Mohenjodaro, Harappa, Lothal, Dholavira, Rakhigarhi; Pottery and Traditions: Ochre Coloured Pottery (OCP), Black and Red ware, Painted Grey Ware (PGW), Northern Black Polished Ware (NBP); Distribution of the pottery types and period. 24. Bronze/Copper Age, Iron Age & Megaliths in India: Bronze/Copper Age: General characteristics, distribution, people; Iron Age and Urban Revolution: General characteristics, distribution, people; Megaliths: concept and types (menhir, dolmen, topical, cist, cairn circle, sarcophagi). 25. Core Concepts in Social Anthropology (Culture & Society): Conceptual Understanding of Social Anthropology: Culture: Attributes, Holism, Universals, Acculturation, Enculturation, Transculturation, Culture Change, Culture Shock, Cultural Relativism, Civilization, Folk-Urban Continuum, Great and Little Tradition, Cultural Pluralism and World-View; Society: Groups, Institutions, Associations, Community, Status and Role; Incest; Endogamy and Exogamy; Rites of passage. 26. Social Institutions (Family & Marriage): Social Institutions: Family: Definitions, universality of the family; Typological and Processual methods of studying the family; Types of family – conjugal-natal, consanguineal, nuclear, joint, extended; Rules of residence – Patrilocal, Matrilocal, Ambilocal, Bilocal, Neolocal, Avunculocal, Virilocal, Amitalocal, Uxorilocal; Functions of family, Trends of change – urbanization, globalization, industrialization, feminist movements; Marriage: Definition, universality, types and functions (monogamy, polygamy – polyandry, polygyny, hypogamy, hypergamy, levirate, sororate); Preferential and Prescriptive types; Types and forms of marital transactions – bride price and dowry; Marriage as exchange. 27. Social Institutions (Kinship, Economic & Legal Anthropology): Kinship: Definition, Descent, kinship terminology, matrilineal puzzle; Joking and avoidance; moiety, phratry, clan and lineage; Types of kinship systems; Economic Anthropology: Definition and relationship with Anthropology and Economy; Theories (Malinowski, Formal, Substantivist, Marxist); Livelihoods, Subsistence, Principles of production, distribution, consumption; division of labour in hunting-gathering, pastoral, swidden and agricultural communities; Exchange, reciprocity, gifts and barter systems; Kula, Potlatch and Jajmani – Anthropological explanations; Legal Anthropology: Anthropology of Law, Social Sanctions. 28. Political Organization, Religion, Belief Systems & Social Change: Political Organization: Definitions, political processes in band, tribe, chiefdom and state systems; Conflicts and social control; Nations and Nation-state, democracy; Religion and Belief Systems: Definitions, animism, animatism, manaism, bongaism, totemism, taboo; Religious specialists – witch, shaman, priest, medicine-man, sorcerer; Magic – definitions, types, approaches; Rituals; Social Change: Basic ideas and concepts (Assimilation, Integration, Syncretism, Dominance and Subjugation), Approaches. 29. Classical Anthropological Theories: Theories in Social Anthropology: Evolutionism – Tylor, Morgan, Fraser, Maine, McLennan; Diffusionism – Three schools (Austro-German, British, American); Historical Particularism – Boas; Functionalism – Malinowski; Structural-Functionalism – Radcliffe-Brown, Firth, Fortes, Eggan, Parsons. 30. Mid-20th Century Anthropological Theories: Structuralism – Levi-Strauss; Culture and Personality/Psychological Anthropology – Mead, Benedict, DuBois, Linton, Kardiner, Whiting and Child; Cultural Ecology, Environmental Anthropology, Neo-evolutionism (Leslie White, Julian Steward, Marshall Sahlins). 31. Later 20th Century Anthropological Theories I: Cultural Materialism – Marvin Harris; Symbolic Anthropology – Victor Turner, Raymond Firth, Mary Douglas; Cognitive Anthropology – Roy D’Andrade, Stephen Tyler, Ward Goodenough. 32. Contemporary & Critical Anthropological Theories: Deep Ethnography, Interpretive Anthropology – Clifford Geertz; Anthropology and Gender – Leela Dube, Renato Rosaldo, Marilyn Strathern, Zora Neale Hutson; Postmodernism, Poststructuralism, Postcolonialism – Foucault, Derrida, Bourdieu; Ethnicity – Barth, Jeffery, Weber. 33. Development of Indian Anthropology & Social Concepts: Stages in the Development of Indian Anthropology Concepts: Social Stratification (eg. Caste), Scheduled Caste (SC), Dalit, OBC, Nomadic Groups; Revivalist/Nativist movements, Peasant movements (Malabar and Telengana movements). 34. Tribal Studies in India & Constitutional Safeguards: Tribe, Scheduled Tribe (ST), Particularly Vulnerable Groups (PVTGs), Tribal movements (Birsa and Naga movements), Tribal Development, Distribution; Constitutional Safeguards for SC and ST, Inclusion and Exclusion. 35. Indian Village Studies, Local Governance & Theoretical Ideas: Indian Village and Village Studies in India (S.C. Dube, McKim Marriott, Weiser, Scarlett Epstein, M.N. Srinivas, F.G. Bailey); Panchayati Raj Institutions and other traditional community political organizations, Self-Help Groups (SHGs); Theoretical ideas: Sanskritization, Westernization, Modernization, Globalization, Sacred Complex, Nature-Man-Spirit Complex. 36. Early Indian Anthropologists & Their Contributions: Early Indian Anthropologists and their contributions: G.S. Ghurye, B.S. Guha, S.C. Roy, Iravati Karve, L.P. Vidyarthi, S.C. Dube, M.N. Srinivas, N.K. Bose, Surajit Sinha, D.N. Majumdar, S.R.K. Chopra, Verrier Elwin, S.S. Sarkar, Dharani Sen, T.C. Das, P.C. Biswas. 37. Applied & Specialized Anthropological Fields: Concepts and Theories: Applied Anthropology, Action Anthropology, Engaged Anthropology, Experimental Anthropology, Urban Anthropology, Public Anthropology, Public Archaeology, Anthropology of Development, Medical Anthropology, Visual Anthropology, Genomic Studies, Genetic Screening and Counseling, Forensic Anthropology, Food and Nutritional Anthropology, Ergonomics, Kinanthropometry, Business Anthropology. 38. Community Development Projects & Intervention Processes: Community Development Projects (Rural, Urban and Tribal); Revisits, Re-studies, Reinterpretations, Intervention, Research Process and Social Impact Assessment (SIA). 39. Anthropological Approaches in Community Studies & Issues: Anthropological approaches in community studies: public health, education, nutrition, land alienation, bonded labour, housing, alternative economy, livelihood, gender issues, relief, rehabilitation and relocation, identity crisis, communication, training and management, aging and the aged. 40. Development Strategies, NGOs & Empowerment: Development Strategies (Plan/Sub Plan); Role of NGOs in Development; Anthropology and NGOs; Empowerment of Women, LGBT groups.