Benefits Of Recent Improvements In Vehicle Fuel Economy On Overall Fuel Consumption And Emissions
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Benefits Of Recent Improvements In Vehicle Fuel Economy On Overall Fuel Consumption And Emissions
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Author : M. Sivak
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Benefits Of Recent Improvements In Vehicle Fuel Economy On Overall Fuel Consumption And Emissions written by M. Sivak and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Carbon dioxide categories.
Assessment Of Fuel Economy Technologies For Light Duty Vehicles
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2011-06-03
Assessment Of Fuel Economy Technologies For Light Duty Vehicles written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-06-03 with Science categories.
Various combinations of commercially available technologies could greatly reduce fuel consumption in passenger cars, sport-utility vehicles, minivans, and other light-duty vehicles without compromising vehicle performance or safety. Assessment of Technologies for Improving Light Duty Vehicle Fuel Economy estimates the potential fuel savings and costs to consumers of available technology combinations for three types of engines: spark-ignition gasoline, compression-ignition diesel, and hybrid. According to its estimates, adopting the full combination of improved technologies in medium and large cars and pickup trucks with spark-ignition engines could reduce fuel consumption by 29 percent at an additional cost of $2,200 to the consumer. Replacing spark-ignition engines with diesel engines and components would yield fuel savings of about 37 percent at an added cost of approximately $5,900 per vehicle, and replacing spark-ignition engines with hybrid engines and components would reduce fuel consumption by 43 percent at an increase of $6,000 per vehicle. The book focuses on fuel consumption-the amount of fuel consumed in a given driving distance-because energy savings are directly related to the amount of fuel used. In contrast, fuel economy measures how far a vehicle will travel with a gallon of fuel. Because fuel consumption data indicate money saved on fuel purchases and reductions in carbon dioxide emissions, the book finds that vehicle stickers should provide consumers with fuel consumption data in addition to fuel economy information.
Cost Effectiveness And Deployment Of Fuel Economy Technologies For Light Duty Vehicles
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2015-09-28
Cost Effectiveness And Deployment Of Fuel Economy Technologies For Light Duty Vehicles written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-09-28 with Science categories.
The light-duty vehicle fleet is expected to undergo substantial technological changes over the next several decades. New powertrain designs, alternative fuels, advanced materials and significant changes to the vehicle body are being driven by increasingly stringent fuel economy and greenhouse gas emission standards. By the end of the next decade, cars and light-duty trucks will be more fuel efficient, weigh less, emit less air pollutants, have more safety features, and will be more expensive to purchase relative to current vehicles. Though the gasoline-powered spark ignition engine will continue to be the dominant powertrain configuration even through 2030, such vehicles will be equipped with advanced technologies, materials, electronics and controls, and aerodynamics. And by 2030, the deployment of alternative methods to propel and fuel vehicles and alternative modes of transportation, including autonomous vehicles, will be well underway. What are these new technologies - how will they work, and will some technologies be more effective than others? Written to inform The United States Department of Transportation's National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission standards, this new report from the National Research Council is a technical evaluation of costs, benefits, and implementation issues of fuel reduction technologies for next-generation light-duty vehicles. Cost, Effectiveness, and Deployment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles estimates the cost, potential efficiency improvements, and barriers to commercial deployment of technologies that might be employed from 2020 to 2030. This report describes these promising technologies and makes recommendations for their inclusion on the list of technologies applicable for the 2017-2025 CAFE standards.
Making Cars More Fuel Efficient
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Author : European Conference of Ministers of Transport
language : en
Publisher: ECMT/OECD
Release Date : 2005
Making Cars More Fuel Efficient written by European Conference of Ministers of Transport and has been published by ECMT/OECD this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Business & Economics categories.
Studies show that cars use significantly more fuel per km than suggested by official certification test ratings, and some argue that this gap is growing as a percentage of the tested value. This has raised concerns that national fuel efficiency and carbon dioxide emissions reduction goals will not be met, and that consumers will lose faith in reported fuel economy figures. This publication analyses the fuel efficiency gap and examines technologies available that could reduce that gap and improve fuel economy, as well as considering policy options for encouraging uptake of these technologies by vehicle manufacturers and, in some cases, by consumers themselves.
Automobile Fuel Economy
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Author : Motor Vehicle Manufacturers Association of the United States
language : en
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
Release Date : 1973
Automobile Fuel Economy written by Motor Vehicle Manufacturers Association of the United States and has been published by DIANE Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1973 with Automobiles categories.
Effectiveness And Impact Of Corporate Average Fuel Economy Cafe Standards
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2002-01-29
Effectiveness And Impact Of Corporate Average Fuel Economy Cafe Standards written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-01-29 with Science categories.
Since CAFE standards were established 25 years ago, there have been significant changes in motor vehicle technology, globalization of the industry, the mix and characteristics of vehicle sales, production capacity, and other factors. This volume evaluates the implications of these changes as well as changes anticipated in the next few years, on the need for CAFE, as well as the stringency and/or structure of the CAFE program in future years.
Costs And Benefits Of Automotive Fuel Economy Improvement
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1992
Costs And Benefits Of Automotive Fuel Economy Improvement written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with categories.
This paper is an exercise in estimating the costs and benefits of technology-based fuel economy improvements for automobiles and light trucks. Benefits quantified include vehicle cots, fuel savings, consumer's surplus effects, the effect of reduced weight on vehicle safety, impacts on emissions of CO2 and criteria pollutants, world oil market and energy security benefits, and the transfer of wealth from US consumes to oil producers. A vehicle stock model is used to capture sales, scrappage, and vehicle use effects under three fuel price scenarios. Three alternative fuel economy levels for 2001 are considered, ranging from 32.9 to 36.5 MPG for cars and 24.2 to 27.5 MPG for light trucks. Fuel economy improvements of this size are probably cost-effective. The size of the benefit, and whether there is a benefit, strongly depends on the financial costs of fuel economy improvement and judgments about the values of energy security, emissions, safety, etc. Three sets of values for eight parameters are used to define the sensitivity of costs and benefits to key assumptions. The net present social value (1989$) of costs and benefits ranges from a cost of $11 billion to a benefit of $286 billion. The critical parameters being the discount rate (10% vs. 3%) and the values attached to externalities. The two largest components are always the direct vehicle costs and fuel savings, but these tend to counterbalance each other for the fuel economy levels examined here. Other components are the wealth transfer, oil cost savings, CO2 emissions reductions, and energy security benefits. Safety impacts, emissions of criteria pollutants, and consumer's surplus effects are relatively minor components. The critical issues for automotive fuel economy are therefore: (1) the value of present versus future costs and benefits, (2) the values of external costs and benefits, and (3) the financially cost-effective level of MPG achievable by available technology. 53 refs.
Reducing Fuel Consumption And Greenhouse Gas Emissions Of Medium And Heavy Duty Vehicles Phase Two
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Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2020-05-15
Reducing Fuel Consumption And Greenhouse Gas Emissions Of Medium And Heavy Duty Vehicles Phase Two written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-05-15 with Science categories.
Medium- and heavy-duty trucks, motor coaches, and transit buses - collectively, "medium- and heavy-duty vehicles", or MHDVs - are used in every sector of the economy. The fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions of MHDVs have become a focus of legislative and regulatory action in the past few years. This study is a follow-on to the National Research Council's 2010 report, Technologies and Approaches to Reducing the Fuel Consumption of Medium-and Heavy-Duty Vehicles. That report provided a series of findings and recommendations on the development of regulations for reducing fuel consumption of MHDVs. On September 15, 2011, NHTSA and EPA finalized joint Phase I rules to establish a comprehensive Heavy-Duty National Program to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and fuel consumption for on-road medium- and heavy-duty vehicles. As NHTSA and EPA began working on a second round of standards, the National Academies issued another report, Reducing the Fuel Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles, Phase Two: First Report, providing recommendations for the Phase II standards. This third and final report focuses on a possible third phase of regulations to be promulgated by these agencies in the next decade.
Technologies And Approaches To Reducing The Fuel Consumption Of Medium And Heavy Duty Vehicles
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2010-07-30
Technologies And Approaches To Reducing The Fuel Consumption Of Medium And Heavy Duty Vehicles written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-07-30 with Science categories.
Technologies and Approaches to Reducing the Fuel Consumption of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles evaluates various technologies and methods that could improve the fuel economy of medium- and heavy-duty vehicles, such as tractor-trailers, transit buses, and work trucks. The book also recommends approaches that federal agencies could use to regulate these vehicles' fuel consumption. Currently there are no fuel consumption standards for such vehicles, which account for about 26 percent of the transportation fuel used in the U.S. The miles-per-gallon measure used to regulate the fuel economy of passenger cars. is not appropriate for medium- and heavy-duty vehicles, which are designed above all to carry loads efficiently. Instead, any regulation of medium- and heavy-duty vehicles should use a metric that reflects the efficiency with which a vehicle moves goods or passengers, such as gallons per ton-mile, a unit that reflects the amount of fuel a vehicle would use to carry a ton of goods one mile. This is called load-specific fuel consumption (LSFC). The book estimates the improvements that various technologies could achieve over the next decade in seven vehicle types. For example, using advanced diesel engines in tractor-trailers could lower their fuel consumption by up to 20 percent by 2020, and improved aerodynamics could yield an 11 percent reduction. Hybrid powertrains could lower the fuel consumption of vehicles that stop frequently, such as garbage trucks and transit buses, by as much 35 percent in the same time frame.
Automotive Fuel Economy
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 1992-02-01
Automotive Fuel Economy written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992-02-01 with Transportation categories.
This volume presents realistic estimates for the level of fuel economy that is achievable in the next decade for cars and light trucks made in the United States and Canada. A source of objective and comprehensive information on the topic, this book takes into account real-world factors such as the financial conditions in the automotive industry, costs and benefits to consumers, and marketability of high-efficiency vehicles. The committee is composed of experts from the fields of science, technology, finance, and regulation and offers practical evaluations of technological improvements that could contribute to increased fuel efficiency. The volume also examines potential barriers to improvement, such as high production costs, regulations on safety and emissions, and consumer preferences. This practical book is of considerable interest to car and light truck manufacturers, policymakers, federal and state agencies, and the public.