Bifidobacteria And Pediococci
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Bifidobacteria And Pediococci
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Author : Paul James Simpson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005
Bifidobacteria And Pediococci written by Paul James Simpson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Microbiology categories.
The study had three principal aims related to pediococci and bifidobacteria and their enumeration, genomic characterisation and applicability as probiotics. Two selective edia based on mMRS with mupirocin or mixture of ampicillin, novobiocin, and vancomycin were developed for bifidobacteria and pediococci, respectively. Both media were applied to a range of cultures, powder-based products and porcine caecal samples. A detailed examination of RAPD PCR and PFGE found both methods effectively discriminated Bifidobacterium strains and Pediococcus strains and species. A detailed description of the bifidobacteria population associated with a porcine caecum was described using PFGE. The same Bifidobacterium strains were found to be associated with the epithelium and lumen contents. This implied that a dynamic interaction between adhering and non-adhering cells exists and that, for the caecum at least, bacterial growth can occur within the GIT lumen. In addition, based on subtle differences in PFGE patterns evidence for genomic plasticity was observed and this was considered to be a possible mechanism underlying long-term colonisation. Furthermore, based on a number of approaches that included 16S rDNA sequencing three known Bifidobacterium species were identified that included B. minimum a species that had only previously been isolated from sewage. Moreover, a novel species, Bifidobacterium pyschraerophilum, and a novel genus and species, Aeriscardovia aeriphila were identified and distinguished by their marked resistance to oxygen. With regards to the safety of pediococci and their use in feed, food and silage, erythromycin resistance in a P. acidilactic strain was found to be plasmid encoded. With regards to developing food-grade powders containing high levels of viable and stable bifidobacteria the intrinsic tolerance of Bifidobacterium species to heat and oxygen was established. A group of closely related species with a tolerance to both parameters were identified. Following spray drying at laboratory-scale, heat and oxygen tolerant species had high initial survival and good viability at refrigerated temperatures in skim-milk powders. However, oxygen tolerance alone did not correlate with high initial survival or good storage viability. Viability during storage at ambient temperatures was significantly reduced for all species but was greatly improved when bifidobacteria were dried using a pilot-scale fluidised-bed spray dryer. Ice cream was manufactured using bifidobacteria enriched skim-milk spray-dried powder.
Bifidobacteria And Their Role
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Author : J.A. Kurmann
language : de
Publisher: Springer-Verlag
Release Date : 2019-06-12
Bifidobacteria And Their Role written by J.A. Kurmann and has been published by Springer-Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-06-12 with Science categories.
Bifidobacteria And Their Role In The Human Gut Microbiota 2nd Edition
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Author : Francesca Turroni
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2020-02-14
Bifidobacteria And Their Role In The Human Gut Microbiota 2nd Edition written by Francesca Turroni and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-02-14 with categories.
The human intestine is home of an almost inconceivable large number of microorganisms. The human gut microbiota can therefore be pictured as an organ placed within a host organism. The human gut microbiome, which in total may contain >100 times the number of genes present in our genome, endows us with functional features that we did not have to evolve ourselves. It is recognized that intestinal microbiota plays an important role in human health and disease. In fact, gut bacteria other than metabolize dietary components, may play complex roles such as modulation of the immune system and in reduction of gut infections. Variations in the presence and/or abundance of certain components of the intestinal microbiota have repeatedly been observed in patients that suffer from atopic diseases, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn disease, ulcerative colitis, infectious colitis, colon cancer and diabetes. In this context, bifidobacteria represent one of the most common bacterial members of the human gut microbiota. Bifidobacteria are anaerobic, Gram-positive, irregular or branched rod-shaped bacteria that are commonly found in the gastro-intestinal tracts (GIT) of humans, especially during the first stages of life and most animal and insects. Bifidobacterial fluctuations seem directly associated with health effects and for these reasons they are being exploited as health-promoting or probiotic bacteria. However, despite the extensive commercial exploitation of bifidobacteria as probiotic bacteria, little is known about their impact or dependency on other members of the human gut microbiota or on their host. Genome analyses have highlighted the existence of gene repertoires encoding products that are responsible for the adaptation of bifidobacteria to the human intestine and intense research efforts at international level are ongoing to understand the molecular details of these interactions. Specifically, the molecular interactions that are presumed to exist between bifidobacteria and the human host, as well as interactions between different residents of intestinal microbiota are the main topic of bifidobacterial research communities.
Biochemistry And Physiology Of Bifidobacteria
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Author : Anatoly Bezkorovainy
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2020-02-03
Biochemistry And Physiology Of Bifidobacteria written by Anatoly Bezkorovainy and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-02-03 with Science categories.
This book provides a comprehensive reference work on this ubiquitous group of microorganisms for the biomedical community, and intends to stimulate further research into the biochemistry and physiology of bifidobacteria and their role in health and disease of newborns and even adult human beings. Discussions of bifidobacteria include chapters on nomenclature and taxonomy, ecology, morphology, metabolism, membrane and cell wall structure, clinical applications, metal transport, and future research trends. Each chapter ends with a summary. The book is amply illustrated and extensively referenced.
Genetics Of Lactic Acid Bacteria
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Author : Brian J.B. Wood
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2003-09-30
Genetics Of Lactic Acid Bacteria written by Brian J.B. Wood and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-09-30 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Beginning with an introduction to relevant genetic techniques, chapters cover all major groups of LAB, including the Bifidobacteria; plasmid biology, gene transfer, phage, and sugar metabolism; gene expression of various LAB; applications for genetically engineered LAB, including the emerging field of medical applications; and the legal and consumer issues that arise from such applications. This resource will set the benchmark for the state of knowledge of LAB genetics and should be of value to food scientists and other researchers working with LAB in its present and future capacities. Professionals using lactic acid bacteria (LAB) for research and/or as working organisms, whether in food and dairy fermentations or in the exciting new field of clinical delivery agents, will find this book invaluable. In addition, professors teaching under- and post-graduates in microbiology, and postgraduate research students will also find this an essential reference work.
The Bifidobacteria And Related Organisms
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Author : Paola Mattarelli
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2017-09-20
The Bifidobacteria And Related Organisms written by Paola Mattarelli and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-09-20 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The Bifidobacteria and Related Organisms: Biology, Taxonomy, Applications brings together authoritative reviews on all aspects of Bifidobacteria and related genera. Their place within the Phylum Actinobacteria is discussed first, and this is followed by descriptions of the genera Bifidobacterium, Alloscardovia, Aeriscardovia, Bombiscardovia, Gardnerella, Metascardovia, Parascardovia and Scardovia and the currently accredited species within those genera. The increased availability of genome sequences and molecular tools for studying bifidobacteria provides important information about their taxonomy, physiology and interactions with their host. Also considerations about common bifidobacterial core maintenance during the mutual coevolution of a host and its intestinal microbes could be relevant for health claims for the ability of symbiotic gut bacteria to provide health benefits to their host, and for evaluating such claims in scientifically valid experiments. Chemotaxonomy is important to our understanding of these genera and so is considered along with physiological and biochemical aspects before proceeding to examine clinical and other practical aspects. The ability to maintain pure cultures and to grow cells in industrial quantities when required for applications requires that the cells’ environmental and nutritional needs are well understood. Some species are important clinically and as animal digestive tract synbionts—and even play a part in honey production—so these matters are considered along with milk oligosaccharides’ roles in gut flora development in neonates. Presents information on all bacteria in this group in one place Provides applications and technological considerations placed alongside more academic matters such as nomenclature and phylogeny Includes basic information on the beneficial role of bifidobacteria in the human gut, with particular importance for infants Provides information on genomic and gene modification technologies
Handbook Of Probiotics
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Author : Yuan-Kun Lee
language : en
Publisher: Wiley-Interscience
Release Date : 1999-06-10
Handbook Of Probiotics written by Yuan-Kun Lee and has been published by Wiley-Interscience this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-06-10 with Medical categories.
Applied Survival Analysis is a comprehensive introduction to regression modeling for time to event data used in epidemiological, biostatistical, and other health-related research. Unlike other texts on the subject, it focuses almost exclusively on practical applications rather than mathematical theory and offers clear, accessible presentations of modern modeling techniques supplemented with real-world examples and case studies. While the authors emphasize the proportional hazards model, descriptive methods and parametric models are also considered in some detail. Applied Survival Analysis is an ideal introduction for graduate students in biostatistics and epidemiology, as well as researchers in health-related fields.
The Genera Of Lactic Acid Bacteria
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Author : W.H.N Holzapfel
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
The Genera Of Lactic Acid Bacteria written by W.H.N Holzapfel and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The Lactic Acid Bacteria is planned as a series in a number of volumes, and the interest shown in it appears to justify a cautious optimism that a series comprising at least five volumes will appear in the fullness of time. This being so, I feel that it is desirable to introduce the series by providing a little of the history of the events which culminated in the decision to produce such a series. I also wish to indicate the boundaries of the group 'The Lactic Acid Bacteria' as I have defined them for the present purposes, and to outline my hopes for future topics in the series. Historical background lowe my interest in the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) to the late Dr Cyril Rainbow, who introduced me to their fascinating world when he offered me a place with him to work for a PhD on the carbohydrate metabolism of some lactic rods isolated from English beer breweries by himself and others, notably Dr Dora Kulka. He was particularly interested in their preference for maltose over glucose as a source of carbohydrate for growth, expressed in most cases as a more rapid growth on the disaccharide; but one isolate would grow only on maltose. Eventually we showed that maltose was being utilised by 'direct fermentation' as the older texts called it, specifically by the phosphorolysis which had first been demonstrated for maltose by Doudoroff and his associates in their work on maltose metabolism by a strain of Neisseria meningitidis.
Probiotics And Child Gastrointestinal Health
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Author : Stefano Guandalini
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2019-06-17
Probiotics And Child Gastrointestinal Health written by Stefano Guandalini and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-06-17 with Medical categories.
This book shows the huge impact the gut microbiota has on the gastrointestinal health of humans with a particular focus on children. It also highlights the potential use of probiotic microorganisms to protect or improve children’s gastrointestinal health. Humans are not single organisms: We are a multi-organism structure composed of ourselves and our microbiota, living in close symbiosis since birth and even before. The huge impact that the billons of microscopic cells living in our gut have on our gastrointestinal and systemic health cannot be overestimated. The enormous progress that has been made in the past decade in our still very incomplete understanding of the gut microbiota is opening the door to potential applications in human health that were simply unthinkable before. One of the most interesting aspects of this new scientific horizon is the fact that we may identify (or even create in the laboratory) and utilize many of these “friendly bacteria” to protect, or improve our health. Thus, strains of probiotic microorganisms are being identified and studied in a vast array of clinical scenarios. Among the most investigated areas for probiotics is the gastrointestinal health of children. The topics addressed in this book are spanning from the development of the gut microbiota in the fetus and newborn all the way to current and potential applications in disparate conditions such as necrotizing enterocolitis, or infectious, or inflammatory conditions affecting the child. The book is written in a rigorous, evidence based manner by an international group of outstanding experts in these fields and is aimed at pediatric gastroenterologists, pediatricians and physician scientists alike.
Lactic Acid Bacteria And Bifidobacteria
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Author : Kenji Sonomoto
language : en
Publisher: Caister Academic Press Limited
Release Date : 2011
Lactic Acid Bacteria And Bifidobacteria written by Kenji Sonomoto and has been published by Caister Academic Press Limited this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Science categories.
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and bifidobacteria are amongst the most important groups of microorganisms used in the food industry. They are also thought to have health-promoting abilities and many are used as probiotics for the prevention, alleviation and treatment of intestinal disorders. This book reviews research in these areas.