Boolean Semantics For Natural Language
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Boolean Semantics For Natural Language
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Author : Edward L. Keenan
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Boolean Semantics For Natural Language written by Edward L. Keenan and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Literary Criticism categories.
In the spring of 1978, one of the authors of this book was sitting in on a course in logic for linguists given by the other author. In attempting to present some of Montague's insights in an elementary way (hopefully avoid ing the notation which many find difficult at first), the authors began dis cussions aimed towards the construction of a simple model-theoretical semantic apparatus which could be applied directly to a small English-like language and used to illustrate the methods of formal logical interpretation. In these discussions two points impressed themselves on us. First, our task could be simplified by using boolean algebras and boolean homomorphisms in the models; and second, the boolean approach we were developing had much more widespread relevance to the logical structure of English than we first thought. During the summer and fall of 1978 we continued work on the system, proving the more fundamental theorems (including what we have come to call the Justification Theorem) and outlining the way in which an intensional interpretation scheme could be developed which made use of the boolean approach (which was originally strictly extensional). We presented our findings in a monograph (Keenan and Faltz, 1978) which the UCLA Linguistics Department kindly published as part of their series called Occa sional Papers in Linguistics; one of the authors also presented the system at a colloquium held at the Winter Meeting of the Linguistic Society of America in December 1978.
Abstract Objects And The Semantics Of Natural Language
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Author : Friederike Moltmann
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2013-03-28
Abstract Objects And The Semantics Of Natural Language written by Friederike Moltmann and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-28 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Friederike Moltmann presents an original approach to philosophical issues to do with abstract objects. She focuses on natural language, and finds that reference to abstract objects such as properties, numbers, and propositions is much more restricted than is generally thought, and she offers a substantially new ontological picture.
Semantics Generalized Quantifiers And Scope
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Author : Javier Gutiérrez-Rexach
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2003
Semantics Generalized Quantifiers And Scope written by Javier Gutiérrez-Rexach and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
A General Semantic Model Of Negation In Natural Language
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Author : Lucja Maria Iwánska
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1992
A General Semantic Model Of Negation In Natural Language written by Lucja Maria Iwánska and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with Natural language processing (Computer science) categories.
The UNO natural language processing system is shown to correctly handle a substantial subset of English: knowledge from sentences involving negation as well as conjunction and disjunction of complex determiners, adjectives, adverbs common nouns, proper nouns, noun phrases, verbs, verb phrases, prepositions, and prepositional phrases can be represented and reasoned with. Areas of future research involve extending the model to handle modal operators, sentential adverbs, pragmatics, temporal reasoning, intensionality and non-logical reasoning."
Semantik Semantics
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Author : Arnim von Stechow
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter
Release Date : 2008-07-14
Semantik Semantics written by Arnim von Stechow and has been published by Walter de Gruyter this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-07-14 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
During the past 20 years the investigation into meaning of natural languages has emerged into one of the most active disciplines in theoretical linguistics. The different traditions of linguistics, philosophy of language and philosophical logic converged in the paradigm of truth conditional semantics, which now plays a central role in the cognitive sciences. From empirical research in particular languages more principal questions arise of how the speaker succeeds in expressing particular types of meaning by use of formal combination of signs. The theories developed to cope with the question assume that for a hearer, the meaning of a complex expression must be "computable", and therefore, modern theoretical semantics uses formal algebraic methods to construct the meaning compositionally in view of syntactic structur. Furthermore, meaning need to be "anchored" in the experience available to hearer. In order to deal with this, theoretical semantics extensivly uses the concept of truth conditions, which roughly explain how a world must be structured in order to be matched by certain linguistic expressions. Semantic analyses are complemented by context theory and the theory of speech acts. Thus, linguistic meaning must be related to human cognitive capacities, and therefore, theoretical semantics is tightly connected with philosophical logic as well as cognitive sciences in general. The aim of this handbook is to represent the body of theoretical knowledge which has evolved in the international research of the last two decades. Some of the theories can now be termed "classical" in that they belong to the commonly accepted base of theoretical semantics. Other theories are still disputed, and there areproblems still to be solved - as normal in a more developed science. The authors, who are leading experts in the field of semantics, try to balance the accepted and the questionable results. It goes without saying that each author hold a particular position in this respect. Some articles are written in English, some in German. Since semantics is considered to be a subfield of linguistics, the articles are arranged due to linguistic points of view. In the first 5 chapters (comprising 15 articles) the common principles of semantics are presented: ontological foundations of semantics, composition of meaning, problems of use (context, speech acts, and lexical base of meaning. The next 5 chapters (comprising 25 articles) are concerned with semantic phenomena, theories and problems which are specific for a particular class of linguistic expressions. These are arranged according to parts of speech: nouns, functional categories, verbs, adjectives and so on.This division does not reflect a theoretical position by itself, however it allows one to recognize problems connected with one another. Some more general questions are discussed in more than one article, in different perspective and vicinity. The Handbook is complemented by a service article on formal methods in semantics, followed by a comprehensive bibliography including about 1700 entries, and both a subject and a name index. This handbook is indispensable for all research in linguistics and neighboring disciplines (philosophy of language, cognitive sciences). Some of the articles can serve as basic literature for classes of advanced students.
Type Logical Semantics
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Author : Bob Carpenter
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 1998-07-24
Type Logical Semantics written by Bob Carpenter and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998-07-24 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Based on an introductory course on natural-language semantics, this book provides an introduction to type-logical grammar and the range of linguistic phenomena that can be handled in categorial grammar. It also contains a great deal of original work on categorial grammar and its application to natural-language semantics. The author chose the type-logical categorial grammar as his grammatical basis because of its broad syntactic coverage and its strong linkage of syntax and semantics. Although its basic orientation is linguistic, the book should also be of interest to logicians and computer scientists seeking connections between logical systems and natural language. The book, which stepwise develops successively more powerful logical and grammatical systems, covers an unusually broad range of material. Topics covered include higher-order logic, applicative categorial grammar, the Lambek calculus, coordination and unbounded dependencies, quantifiers and scope, plurals, pronouns and dependency, modal logic, intensionality, and tense and aspect. The book contains more mathematical development than is usually found in texts on natural language; an appendix includes the basic mathematical concepts used throughout the book.
Quantification In Natural Languages
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Author : Emmon Bach
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-11-11
Quantification In Natural Languages written by Emmon Bach and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-11 with Philosophy categories.
This volume of papers grew out of a research project on "Cross-Linguistic Quantification" originated by Emmon Bach, Angelika Kratzer and Barbara Partee in 1987 at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst, and supported by National Science Foundation Grant BNS 871999. The publication also reflects directly or indirectly several other related activ ities. Bach, Kratzer, and Partee organized a two-evening symposium on cross-linguistic quantification at the 1988 Annual Meeting of the Linguistic Society of America in New Orleans (held without financial support) in order to bring the project to the attention of the linguistic community and solicit ideas and feedback from colleagues who might share our concern for developing a broader typological basis for research in semantics and a better integration of descriptive and theoretical work in the area of quantification in particular. The same trio organized a six-week workshop and open lecture series and related one-day confer ence on the same topic at the 1989 LSA Linguistic Institute at the University of Arizona in Tucson, supported by a supplementary grant, NSF grant BNS-8811250, and Partee offered a seminar on the same topic as part of the Institute course offerings. Eloise Jelinek, who served as a consultant on the principal grant and was a participant in the LSA symposium and the Arizona workshops, joined the group of editors for this volume in 1989.
Computational Semantics With Functional Programming
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Author : Jan van Eijck
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2010-09-23
Computational Semantics With Functional Programming written by Jan van Eijck and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-09-23 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Computational semantics is the art and science of computing meaning in natural language. The meaning of a sentence is derived from the meanings of the individual words in it, and this process can be made so precise that it can be implemented on a computer. Designed for students of linguistics, computer science, logic and philosophy, this comprehensive text shows how to compute meaning using the functional programming language Haskell. It deals with both denotational meaning (where meaning comes from knowing the conditions of truth in situations), and operational meaning (where meaning is an instruction for performing cognitive action). Including a discussion of recent developments in logic, it will be invaluable to linguistics students wanting to apply logic to their studies, logic students wishing to learn how their subject can be applied to linguistics, and functional programmers interested in natural language processing as a new application area.
Logical Aspects Of Computational Linguistics
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Author : Philippe de Groote
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2003-06-29
Logical Aspects Of Computational Linguistics written by Philippe de Groote and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-06-29 with Computers categories.
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Logical Aspects of Computational Linguistics, LACL 2001, held in Le Croisic, France, in June 2001. The 16 revised full papers presented together with two invited papers were carefully reviewed and selected for presentation. Among the topics covered are categorical grammars, dependency grammars, formal language theory, grammatical inference, hyperintensional semantics, minimalism, type-logical semantics, language learning, and natural language processing.
Functional Models Of Cognition
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Author : A. Carsetti
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-11-11
Functional Models Of Cognition written by A. Carsetti and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-11 with Psychology categories.
Our ontology as well as our grammar are, as Quine affirms, ineliminable parts of our conceptual contribution to our theory of the world. It seems impossible to think of enti ties, individuals and events without specifying and constructing, in advance, a specific language that must be used in order to speak about these same entities. We really know only insofar as we regiment our system of the world in a consistent and adequate way. At the level of proper nouns and existence functions we have, for instance, a standard form of a regimented language whose complementary apparatus consists of predicates, variables, quantifiers and truth functions. If, for instance, the discoveries in the field of Quantum Mechanics should oblige us, in the future, to abandon the traditional logic of truth functions, the very notion of existence, as established until now, will be chal lenged. These considerations, as developed by Quine, introduce us to a conceptual perspective like the "internal realist" perspective advocated by Putnam whose principal aim is, for cer tain aspects, to link the philosophical approaches developed respectively by Quine and Wittgenstein. Actually, Putnam conservatively extends the approach to the problem of ref erence outlined by Quine: in his opinion, to talk of "facts" without specifying the language to be used is to talk of nothing.