Brain Development Through The Lens Of Genomic And Epigenomic Regulators

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Brain Development Through The Lens Of Genomic And Epigenomic Regulators

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Author : Linda Su
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020

Brain Development Through The Lens Of Genomic And Epigenomic Regulators written by Linda Su and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.

The brain is one of the most complex organs of the mammalian body, with hundreds of unique cell types and functionalities that are specified across developmental time. Numerous biological pathways interact throughout development to specify brain patterning and function, including gene regulatory mechanisms that integrate genomic and epigenetic signatures to coordinate cell fate determination and lineage specification. These mechanisms include proteins such as chromatin remodelers that maintain the epigenetic state of the genome and cis-regulatory DNA elements called enhancers that drive spatiotemporal gene expression in the body. When these mechanisms are perturbed through sequence-based mutation, aberrant gene regulation is thought to contribute to the etiology of many neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia. In the dissertation research described herein, I used transcriptomic and next-generation sequencing-based methods to characterize the roles of chromatin remodelers and enhancers in regulating mammalian brain development. In the first project, I used bulk RNA-sequencing to characterize perturbations to mouse brain development across time in a knockout mouse model of the autism risk gene Chd8, which encodes a chromatin remodeler. I identified broad transcriptional changes to embryonic pathways involved in neural proliferation, RNA processing, and gene regulation, and established Chd8 as a central node in genes associated with dysregulation in autism genetic studies. In the second project, I harnessed the ability of enhancers to act as labels of unique cell states in order to delineate cell fate specification in embryonic mouse brain. Profiling single cells collected from transgenic mice generated by our collaborators at UCSF, I developed a unique transcription factor-based classification approach to characterize early cell fates in embryonic basal ganglia. I discovered novel populations of early progenitors and immature neuronal lineages labeled by specific enhancers, enabling fine-scale characterization of regional fate commitment in cells that go on to form mature brain structures. In the final chapter, I adapted a large-scale enhancer reporter assay to screen DNA sequences for activity in early postnatal mouse brain. With this assay I was able to functionally dissect neuropsychiatric disorder-associated regulatory elements within the third intron of the calcium channel gene CACNA1C. My research establishes this assay as a viable method to functionally screen sequences for enhancer activity in vivo, paving the way for future studies examining the effects of sequence variation on enhancer function in the mammalian brain. In order to understand the fundamental role of gene regulation in neurodevelopment, and how dysregulation to gene expression contributes to perturbed brain development and function, I developed and applied novel analytic methods to study three aspects of gene regulation in the mammalian brain. The findings discussed in this dissertation highlight the value of transcriptomic and functional enhancer studies for understanding the complexities underlying mammalian brain development, and the importance of transcriptional regulation as a major mechanism governing brain patterning and pathology in neurodevelopmental disorders.

The Epigenome And Developmental Origins Of Health And Disease

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Author : Cheryl S. Rosenfeld
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2015-10-10

The Epigenome And Developmental Origins Of Health And Disease written by Cheryl S. Rosenfeld and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-10-10 with Science categories.

Winner of 2016 BMA Medical Award for Basic and Clinical Sciences The Epigenome and Developmental Origins of Health and Disease synthesizes the existing knowledge on how the in utero environment could be the most important environment in shaping later risk for various diseases or to conversely promote the health of the offspring. The book mines the existing literature from a variety of disciplines from toxicology to nutrition to epigenetics to reveal how contrasting maternal in utero environmental changes might be leading to epigenetic convergence and the resulting deleterious phenotypic and physiological effects in our offspring. It is increasingly becoming apparent that even subtle changes in the mother's diet, stress, and exposure to low concentrations of toxic chemicals at levels deemed safe by the EPA and FDA, such as endocrine disrupting compounds (EDC), can dramatically impact the health of our children, possibly leading to metabolic, cardiovascular, immunological, neurobehavioral disorders, and increased risk for cancer to list but a few examples. - Informs how everyday choices pregnant women make can impact child development - Ties together how in utero environmental changes may be inducing epigenetic changes in the offspring leading to overlapping phenotypes regardless of the initial insult (toxic, nutrition, or stress) - Includes a boxed-in area in each chapter for further references and resources to keep up with the field - Features video interviews with the authors and other key leaders in the field

Transitional Age Youth And Mental Illness Influences On Young Adult Outcomes An Issue Of Child And Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics Of North America E Book

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Author : Adele L. Martel
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
Release Date : 2017-03-21

Transitional Age Youth And Mental Illness Influences On Young Adult Outcomes An Issue Of Child And Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics Of North America E Book written by Adele L. Martel and has been published by Elsevier Health Sciences this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-03-21 with Medical categories.

This issue of the Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, guest edited by Drs. Adele Martel and Catherine Fuchs, aims to bridge the current state of knowledge about risk and resilience during the transition to adolescence for young people with mental illness with the need for developmentally-attuned and culturally–competent strategies to engage and maintain them in treatment. Topics covered in this volume include, but are not limited to: Developmental Psychopathology and Resilience; Conceptualization of Mental Illness in Transitional Age Youth; Suicidal Behaviors and Suicide; Substance Abuse; Working with Parents/Family; Social Media; Youth Transitioning from Foster Care; Heading to College with a Psychiatric Diagnosis; Issues of Diversity, Integrated Identities and Mental Health in Transitional Age Youth; and Autism Spectrum Disorders, among others.

Neocortical Neurogenesis In Development And Evolution

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Author : Wieland B. Huttner
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2023-08-14

Neocortical Neurogenesis In Development And Evolution written by Wieland B. Huttner and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-08-14 with Medical categories.

NEOCORTICAL NEUROGENESIS IN DEVELOPMENT AND EVOLUTION Understanding the development and evolution of the mammalian neocortex The development of the mammalian brain, including the human brain, is inextricably linked with its evolution. Of particular interest is the development of the neocortex, the youngest part of the cerebral cortex in evolutionary terms and the seat of such vital functions as sensory perception, generation of motor commands, and higher-order cognition. The process of neurogenesis is crucial to the formation and function of the neocortex, but this process is complex, based on species-specific adaptations of old and acquired new traits that subserve specific functions introduced during mammalian evolution. Neocortical Neurogenesis in Development and Evolution provides a groundbreaking and comprehensive overview of neurogenesis in the developing neocortex and its evolutionary implications. It covers the generation of neurons and their migration to their functional positions, neural patterning, cortical folding, and variations and malformations of cortical development. Readers will find: A comprehensive review of the evolution and development of the neocortex in mammals — the part of our brain involved in the higher cognitive functions A multitude of subject disciplines ranging from neuroscience, molecular biology, genetics, developmental biology, evolutionary biology and medicine to provide a holistic understanding of the evolutionary youngest part of the cerebral cortex Coverage of neurogenesis in the developing neocortex and how this contributes to our understanding of the evolutionary implications Neocortical Neurogenesis in Development and Evolution is essential for researchers and postgraduates in neuroscience, developmental biology, evolutionary biology, and medical research.

Cranial Placodes And Neural Crest Interactions In Craniofacial Development

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Author : Jean-Pierre Saint-Jeannet
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2021-06-16

Cranial Placodes And Neural Crest Interactions In Craniofacial Development written by Jean-Pierre Saint-Jeannet and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-06-16 with Science categories.

Epigenetics And Anticipation

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Author : Mihai Nadin
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-09-26

Epigenetics And Anticipation written by Mihai Nadin and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-09-26 with Technology & Engineering categories.

This book helps transform the awareness of the anticipatory perspective into actionable methods for practitioners of medicine. It provides guidance for those who design new means and methods inspired by epigenetics, in particular to those who advance sustainable alternatives.

Perinatal And Developmental Epigenetics

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Author : Garima Singh
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2022-12-02

Perinatal And Developmental Epigenetics written by Garima Singh and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-12-02 with Medical categories.

Perinatal and Developmental Epigenetics, Volume 32, a new volume in the Translational Epigenetics series, provides a thorough overview of epigenetics in the early developmental and perinatal stages, illuminating pathways for drug discovery and clinical advances. Here, over 25 international researchers examine recent steps forward in our understanding of epigenetic programming during perinatal and early development. The book opens with an in-depth introduction to known and newly discovered epigenetic marks and how they regulate various cellular processes. Later sections examine various prenatal and perinatal environmental experiences and their ability to derail the normal developmental trajectory via epigenetic reprogramming. Insights and suggestions for future research illuminate approaches for identifying individual disease susceptibility. Concluding chapters highlight preventative and targeted therapeutic pathways to improve quality of life into adulthood. - Examines disease onset stemming from epigenetic changes during the perinatal periods - Features contributions from international experts in the field, including basic biology, disease research and drug discovery - Offers intervention strategies to mitigate adverse developmental programming to improve health outcomes

Principles Of Developmental Genetics

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Author : Sally A. Moody
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2014-09-02

Principles Of Developmental Genetics written by Sally A. Moody and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-09-02 with Science categories.

Providing expert coverage of all major events in early embryogenesis and the organogenesis of specific systems, and supplemented with representative clinical syndromes, Principles of Developmental Genetics, Second Edition discusses the processes of normal development in embryonic and prenatal animals, including humans. The new edition of this classic work supports clinical researchers developing future therapies with its all-new coverage of systems biology, stem cell biology, new technologies, and clinical disorders. A crystal-clear layout, exceptional full-color design, and bulleted summaries of major takeaways and clinical pathways assist comprehension and readability of the highly complex content. - All-new coverage of systems biology and stem cell biology in context of evolving technologies places the work squarely on the modern sciences - Chapters are complemented with a bulleted summary for easy digestion of the major points, with a clinical summary for therapeutic application - Clinical highlights provides a bridge between basic developmental biology and clinical sciences in embryonic and prenatal syndromes

Organogenetic Gene Networks

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Author : James Castelli-Gair Hombría
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-08-26

Organogenetic Gene Networks written by James Castelli-Gair Hombría and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-08-26 with Medical categories.

All animals, including humans, derive from a single cell, which possesses all the genetic instructions needed to define how the animal will look like. However, during development, the millions of cells that derive from the zygote will only select part of this genetic information to give rise to the various organs of the body. The coordination of different cell behaviours during development results in the formation of specialized tissues and organs giving rise to highly adapted animals. This book provides an overview of how this diversification is achieved during organ formation and how it may have evolved. Conserved cellular processes are presented using examples from selected vertebrate and invertebrate species that illustrate how developmental biologists are solving the complex puzzle of organ formation. This volume is aimed to students, researchers and medical doctors alike who want to find a simple but rigorous introduction on how gene networks control organ formation.“div> /div

Index Medicus

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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2003

Index Medicus written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Medicine categories.

Vols. for 1963- include as pt. 2 of the Jan. issue: Medical subject headings.