Brain Iron

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Brain Iron

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Author : Moussa B. H. Youdim
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis Group
Release Date : 1988

Brain Iron written by Moussa B. H. Youdim and has been published by Taylor & Francis Group this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1988 with Behavior categories.

This text discusses the specific topics that are associated with brain neurotransmitter function and not on the examination of all aspects of iron metabolism and function in the brain. This study is pertinent to the long-term consequences of early iron deficiency on brain development and function.

Brain Iron Metabolism And Cns Diseases

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Author : Yan-Zhong Chang
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2019-08-27

Brain Iron Metabolism And Cns Diseases written by Yan-Zhong Chang and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-08-27 with Medical categories.

This book focuses on advances in our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of brain iron uptake, iron homeostasis and iron metabolism in the pathophysiology and pharmacology of CNS disease models. Dysregulation of brain iron homeostasis can lead to severe pathological changes in the neural system. Iron deficiency can slow down the development of the neural system and cause language and motion disorders, while iron overload is closely related to neurodegenerative diseases. Although some current books include chapters on iron metabolism and certain neurodegenerative diseases, this is the first systematic summary of the latest discoveries regarding brain iron metabolism and CNS diseases. By providing novel and thought-provoking insights into the mechanisms and physiological significance of brain iron metabolism and related diseases, the book stimulates further new research directions. It helps graduate students and researchers gain an overall picture of brain iron metabolism and the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, and also offers pharmaceutical companies inspiration for new treatment strategies for CNS diseases.

Iron In Central Nervous System Disorders

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Author : Peter Riederer
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06

Iron In Central Nervous System Disorders written by Peter Riederer and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Medical categories.

The role of the metals copper, zinc, magnesium, lead, manganese, mercury, lithium and aluminium in neuropsychiatric disease are well known and has been discussed on several occasions. Yet little attention has been paid to iron, the most abundant transitional metal in the body and the earth's crust. Iron plays a major role as a cofactor of numerous metabolic enzymes, it is important for DNA and protein synthesis, and has a crucial role in the oxygen carrying capacity of haemoglobin. Some of the most devastating diseases of systemic organs are associated with abnormal iron metabolism. Yet only very recently its role in the central nervous system has been considered. Thus nutritional iron defi ciency and iron overload afflict some 500-600 million people. It is also well recognized that too little or too much iron can produce profound effects on the metabolic state of the cell, and therefore the regulation of iron uptake and disposition is tightly relegated by the cell. Its transport into the cell and storage are handled by transferrin, ferritin and haemo siderin. Nowhere are these processes so well recognized as in the case of brain iron metabolism. Iron does not have ready access to the adult brain as it does to other tissues, since it does not cross the blood brain barrier (BBB). All the iron present in brain is deposited before the closure of BBB at an early age where it is sequestered and conserved. Therefore its turnover is extremely slow.

Brain Iron Cross Talk

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Author : Wael Mohamed
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-12-16

Brain Iron Cross Talk written by Wael Mohamed and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-12-16 with Medical categories.

This book explores the molecular mechanisms of iron hemostasis in the brain and discusses the cognitive and behavioral implications of iron deficiency. It presents the effect of iron dysregulation on neurophysiological mechanisms. The book provides an overview of iron metabolism and homeostasis at the cellular level and its regulation at the mRNA translation level. It emphasizes the importance of iron for brain development in fetal and early life in preterm infants. Further, it presents iron metabolism as a therapeutic target for novel pharmacological treatment against neurodevelopmental diseases and neurodegenerative disorders. It discusses the role of iron deficiency in sleep disorders and offers diagnosis and treatment of iron-related CNS diseases. Finally, it relates dysregulated expression of iron-related genes in brain tumors. ​​

Iron In Central Nervous System Disorders

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Author : Peter Riederer
language : en
Publisher: Springer Verlag
Release Date : 1993-01-01

Iron In Central Nervous System Disorders written by Peter Riederer and has been published by Springer Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993-01-01 with Medical categories.

Regulation Of Brain Iron Acquisition And Misappropriation In Alzheimer S Disease

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Author : Stephanie Baringer
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2023

Regulation Of Brain Iron Acquisition And Misappropriation In Alzheimer S Disease written by Stephanie Baringer and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023 with categories.

Brain iron homeostasis is essential to proper neurological functioning, with high levels of brain iron being implicated as causative factors in neurodegenerative diseases and low levels leading to cognitive impairment and Restless Legs Syndrome. As such, uptake of iron in the brain is tightly regulated at the site of endothelial cells (ECs) of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The working model is that as cells in the brain can signal their iron needs, based on their iron consumption, and control iron release from ECs in the form of apo (iron free)- and holo (iron bound)- transferrin (Tf). Our group has previously shown using in vitro models that apo-Tf indicates an iron deficient environment and stimulates iron release whereas holo-Tf indicates an iron saturated environment and suppresses iron release. In Chapter 2, I determined if the delivery protein of iron or the sex of the organism could impact their regulatory mechanism by performing steady-state infusions of apo- and holo-Tf into the brain of male and female mice and then intraperitoneal injecting the mice with radioactive iron bound to Tf or H-ferritin, another iron delivery protein. I found that only iron delivered via Tf to the brain is influenced by brain side ratios of apo- and holo-Tf, while iron found to H-ferritin was not regulated by this mechanism. Additionally, I discovered a sex specific response to modulating the ratio of apo- and holo-Tf in the brain. In Chapter 3, I investigated the molecular mechanism of apo- and holo-Tf's respective influence of iron release, and I found that holo-Tf incubation causes ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of ferroportin (Fpn), the only known iron exporter protein. Using orthogonal methods, I discovered that apo-Tf directly interacts with hephaestin, a ferroxidase that aims Fpn, and holo-Tf directly interacts with Fpn. Hepcidin is an inflammatory hormone peptide and long thought to be the primary iron release regulator. Thus, to understand how physiological and pathophysiological levels of hepcidin influence these protein-protein interactions, I uncovered that only hepcidin levels consistent with disease interrupt the interaction between holo-Tf and Fpn, while no amount interrupts the interaction between apo-Tf and hephaestin. Furthermore, I found that the interaction disruption is due to hepcidin internalizing Fpn faster than holo-Tf. These data suggest that hepcidin may be deployed to abruptly stop iron release in systemic stress while holo-Tf is likely the primary regulator of iron release in homeostasis. While numerous diseases display altered brain iron regulation, Alzheimer's disease (AD) exhibits excessive brain iron accumulation that can be used to predict cognitive decline. What's more, brain iron accumulation occurs early in the disease and prior to widespread amyloid-[beta] (A[beta]) deposition, suggesting an element of malfunction in the regulation of iron uptake. To explore iron release dysfunction is response to A[beta], in Chapter 4, I used induced pluripotent stem cell derived- ECs and astrocytes and I found that media collected from astrocytes exposed to low levels of A[beta] stimulated iron release from ECs without damaging the cells. In response to low levels of A[beta], astrocytes increased their own iron uptake and mitochondrial activity, resulting in elevated levels of apo-Tf and iron deficient media. These data are the first to demonstrate how disease pathology can misappropriate iron release regulatory mechanisms and further disease dysfunction. Taken together, the findings presented in this body of work aid in deciphering the important regulatory process of iron release from ECs of the BBB and present a novel interpretation of how the process can be misconstrued in disease. Furthermore, the findings shift the paradigm of conventional iron release regulation and suggest a novel mechanism in cells throughout the body.

Iron And Neurodegeneration

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Author : Isabella Zanella
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2020-01-23

Iron And Neurodegeneration written by Isabella Zanella and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-01-23 with categories.

This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.

Brain Behaviour And Iron In The Infant Diet

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Author : John Dobbing
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-12-14

Brain Behaviour And Iron In The Infant Diet written by John Dobbing and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-12-14 with Medical categories.

Iron deficiency in infancy is very widespread, even in developed countries and even when there is no general malnutrition. This book examines the question whether iron deficiency in early life leads to deleterious changes in brain and/or behavioural development. Each of the nine contributors comments critically on each of the other eight chapters, so that the book is very extensively peer-reviewed. The evidence is set out so that the reader may make his own informed judgement. Iron deficiency could very easily be prevented; this fact is of prime importance if such deficiency has long-lasting effects on human intellectual capacity and achievement.

Metal Related Neurodegenerative Disease

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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2013-11-07

Metal Related Neurodegenerative Disease written by and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-07 with Medical categories.

This issue reviews the role of metals in neurodegenerative diseases; including Parkinson’s and Huntington’s disease; restless leg syndrome and NBIA disorders; and Wilson’s disease and manganese and calcium accumulation disorders. An update on advances in neuroimaging and pathology of metal related disease is also presented. This volume of International Review of Neurobiology brings together cutting-edge research on metal related neurodegenerative disease It reviews the role of metals in neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s and Huntington’s disease; restless leg syndrome and NBIA disorders; and Wilson’s disease and manganese and calcium accumulation disorders An update on advances in neuroimaging and pathology of metal related disease is also presented

Iron As Therapeutic Targets In Human Diseases

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Author : Paolo Arosio
language : en
Publisher: MDPI
Release Date : 2020-02-11

Iron As Therapeutic Targets In Human Diseases written by Paolo Arosio and has been published by MDPI this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-02-11 with Science categories.

Iron is an essential element for almost all organisms, a cofactor playing a crucial role in a number of vital functions, including oxygen transport, DNA synthesis, and respiration. However, its ability to exchange electrons renders excess iron potentially toxic, since it is capable of catalyzing the formation of highly poisonous free radicals. As a consequence, iron homeostasis is tightly controlled by sophisticated mechanisms that have been partially elucidated. Because of its biological importance, numerous disorders have been recently linked to the deregulation of iron homeostasis, which include not only the typical disorders of iron overload and deficiency but also cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. This leads iron metabolism to become an interesting therapeutic target for novel pharmacological treatments against these diseases. Several therapies are currently under development for hematological disorders, while other are being considered for different pathologies. The therapeutic targeting under study includes the hepcidin/ferroportin axis for the regulation of systemic iron homeostasis, complex cytosolic machineries for the regulation of the intracellular iron status and its association with oxidative damage, and reagents exploiting proteins of iron metabolism such as ferritin and transferrin receptor. A promising potential target is a recently described form of programmed cell death named ferroptosis, in which the role of iron is essential but not completely clarified. This Special Issue has the aim to summarize the state-of-the-art, and the latest findings published in the iron field, as well as to elucidate future directions.