Catalysts For Nitrogen Fixation
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Catalysts For Nitrogen Fixation
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Author : Barry E. Smith
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-03-20
Catalysts For Nitrogen Fixation written by Barry E. Smith and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-20 with Science categories.
Biological nitrogen fixation provides more than 50% of the total annual input of the essential element nitrogen to world agriculture. Thus, it is of immense agronomic importance and critical to food supplies, particularly in developing countries. This book, with chapters authored by internationally renowned experts, provides a comprehensive and detailed account of the fascinating history of the process - including the surprising discoveries of molybdenum-independent nitrogenases and superoxide-dependent nitrogenase; a review of Man's attempts to emulate the biological process - most successfully with the commercially dominant Haber-Bosch process; and the current state of the understanding art with respect to the enzymes - called nitrogenases - responsible for biological nitrogen fixation. The initial chapters use a historical approach to the biological and industrial processes, followed by an overview of assay methodologies. The next set of chapters focuses on the classical enzyme, the molybdenum nitrogenase, and details its biosynthesis, structure, composition, and mechanism of action as well as detailing both how variants of its two component proteins are constructed by recombinant DNA technology and how computational techniques are being applied. The sophisticated chemical modelling of the metal-containing clusters in the enzyme is reviewed next, followed by a description of the two molybdenum-independent nitrogenases - first, the vanadium-containing enzyme and then the iron-only nitrogenase - together with some thoughts as to why they exist! Then follows an up-to-date treatment of the clearly "non-classical" properties of the superoxide-dependent nitrogenase, which more closely resembles molybdenum-containing hydroxylases and related enzymes, like nitrate reductase, that it does the other nitrogenases. Each chapter contains an extensive list of references. This book is the self-contained first volume of a comprehensive seven-volume series. No other available work provides the up-to-date and in-depth coverage of this series and this volume. This book is intended to serve as an indispensable reference work for all scientists working in this area, including agriculture and the closely related metals-in-biology area; to assist students to enter this challenging area of research; and to provide science administrators easy access to vital relevant information.
Catalytic Ammonia Synthesis
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Author : J.R. Jennings
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-06-29
Catalytic Ammonia Synthesis written by J.R. Jennings and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-29 with Science categories.
The phenomenon of catalysis is found in many homogeneous and heterogeneous systems undergoing chemical change, where it effects the rates of approach to the equilibrium state in processes as diverse as those found in the stars, the earth's mantle, living organisms, and the various chemistries utilized by industry. The economies and the living standards of both developed and developing countries depend to varying degrees upon the efficacy of their chemical industries. Con sequently, this century has seen a wide exploration and expansion of catalytic chemistry together with an intensive investigation of specific, essential processes like those contributing to life-supporting agricultures. Prime among the latter must surely be the "fixation" of atmospheric nitrogen by catalytic hydrogenation to anhydrous ammonia, still the preferred synthetic precursor of the nitrogenous components of fertilizers. In each decade contemporary concepts and techniques have been used to further the understanding, as yet incomplete, of the catalyst, the adsorbates, the surface reactions, and the technology of large-scale operation. The contributors to the present volume review the state of the art, the science, and the technology; they reveal existing lacunae, and suggest ways forward. Around the turn of the century, Sabatier's school was extending the descriptive catalytic chemistry of hydrogenation by metals to include almost all types of multiple bond. The triple bond of dinitrogen, which continued to be more resistant than the somewhat similar bonds in carbon monoxide and ethyne, defied their efforts.
Computational Modeling For Homogeneous And Enzymatic Catalysis
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Author : Keiji Morokuma
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2008-04-09
Computational Modeling For Homogeneous And Enzymatic Catalysis written by Keiji Morokuma and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-04-09 with Science categories.
Here, the world's most active and productive computational scientists from academia and industry present established, effective and powerful tools for understanding catalysts. With its broad scope -- nitrogen fixation, polymerization, C-H bond activation, oxidations, biocatalysis and much more -- this book represents an extensive knowledge base for designing efficient catalysts, allowing readers to improve the performance of their own catalysts.
Biological Nitrogen Fixation Sustainable Agriculture And The Environment
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Author : Yi-Ping Wang
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2005-08-26
Biological Nitrogen Fixation Sustainable Agriculture And The Environment written by Yi-Ping Wang and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-08-26 with Science categories.
This volume covers all aspects of fundamental and applied nitrogen-fixation research, extending from biochemistry and chemistry through genetics, regulation and physiology to agricultural practice and environmental impact. It describes recent progress on studies of potential catalysts for nitrogen fixation; how the N2-fixing process is regulated in living cells; the use and impact of genetics and genomics on our understanding of the biological process; the wide variety of associations of nitrogen-fixing microbes with plants, including the formalized Rhizobium-legume and actinorrhizal associations as well as the less formalized associative and endophytic interactions; and the impact of nitrogen fixation in agriculture and forestry, including its effect on the environment. This volume provides an up-to-date referenced source, which can be readily accessed by all practicing and otherwise interested proponents of nitrogen fixation research, including those with related interests in the areas of plant and microbial science, genomics, plant-microbe interactions, genetics and regulation, plant growth and biocontrol, agriculture, forestry, ecology, taxonomy and evolution.
Transition Metal Dinitrogen Complexes
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Author : Yoshiaki Nishibayashi
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2019-05-06
Transition Metal Dinitrogen Complexes written by Yoshiaki Nishibayashi and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-05-06 with Science categories.
A comprehensive book that explores nitrogen fixation by using transition metal-dinitrogen complexes Nitrogen fixation is one of the most prominent fields of research in chemistry. This book puts the focus on the development of catalytic ammonia formation from nitrogen gas under ambient reaction conditions that has been recently repowered by some research groups. With contributions from noted experts in the field, Transition Metal-Dinitrogen Complexes offers an important guide and comprehensive resource to the most recent research and developments on the topic of nitrogen fixation by using transition metal-dinitrogen. The book is filled with the information needed to understand the synthesis of transition metal-dinitrogen complexes and their reactivity. This important book: -Offers a resource for understanding nitrogen fixation chemistry that is essential for explosives, pharmaceuticals, dyes, and all forms of life -Includes the information needed for anyone interested in the field of nitrogen fixation by using transition metal-dinitrogen complexes -Contains state-of-the-art research on synthesis of transition metal-dinitrogen complexes and their reactivity in nitrogen fixation -Incorporates contributions from well-known specialists and experts with an editor who is an innovator in the field of dinitrogen chemistry Written for chemists and scientists with an interest in nitrogen fixation, Transition Metal-Dinitrogen Complexes is a must-have resource to the burgeoning field of nitrogen fixation by using transition metal-dinitrogen complexes.
Computational Design Of Spatially Confined Triatomic Catalysts For Nitrogen Reduction Reaction
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Author : Wei Pei
language : en
Publisher: OAE Publishing Inc.
Release Date : 2023-12-21
Computational Design Of Spatially Confined Triatomic Catalysts For Nitrogen Reduction Reaction written by Wei Pei and has been published by OAE Publishing Inc. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-12-21 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The electrocatalytic process of nitrogen reduction reactions (NRR) offers a promising approach towards achieving sustainable ammonia production, acting as an environmentally friendly replacement for the conventional Haber-Bosch method. Density functional theory calculations have been utilized to design and investigate a set of catalysts known as triple-atom catalysts (TACs) for electrochemical NRR, which are supported on graphite-C3N3 nanosheets. Herein, we have systematically evaluated these TACs using stringent screening to assess their catalytic performance. Among the candidates, supported Pt3, Re3, and Ru3 trimers emerged as highly active with decent selectivity, involving a limiting potential range of -0.35~-0.11 V. According to analysis of electronic properties, we determined that high NRR activity stems from the d-π* electron-accepting and -donating mechanism. Significantly, the correlation between chemical activity of TACs and electronic structure was established as a pivotal physical parameter, which has led to the conclusion that we can precisely control the catalytic behavior of transition metal trimer clusters by selecting appropriate metal elements and designing moderate cluster-substrates interactions. In summary, these theoretical studies not only enhance our understanding of how catalytic properties are governed by metal-support interactions, regulating stability, activity, and selectivity, but also offer a useful method for screening and designing novel TACs for NRR.
Fixed Nitrogen
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Author : Harry Alfred Curtis
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1932
Fixed Nitrogen written by Harry Alfred Curtis and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1932 with Science categories.
New Trends In The Chemistry Of Nitrogen Fixation
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Author : J. Chatt
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1980
New Trends In The Chemistry Of Nitrogen Fixation written by J. Chatt and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1980 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Nitrogen Fixation
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Author : Yoshiaki Nishibayashi
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-08-10
Nitrogen Fixation written by Yoshiaki Nishibayashi and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-08-10 with Science categories.
This volume presents a review of recent developments in nitrogen fixation using transition metal–dinitrogen complexes in the last decade. The authors are international experts in the corresponding field and each chapter discusses their latest achievements in the preparation of various transition metal–dinitrogen complexes and their reactivity. This volume will be helpful to researchers, teachers, and students who are interested in innovative and sustainable chemistry.
Plasmonic Catalysis
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Author : Pedro H.C. Camargo
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2021-05-24
Plasmonic Catalysis written by Pedro H.C. Camargo and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-05-24 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Explore this comprehensive discussion of the foundational and advanced topics in plasmonic catalysis from two leaders in the field Plasmonic Catalysis: From Fundamentals to Applications delivers a thorough treatment of plasmonic catalysis, from its theoretical foundations to myriad applications in industry and academia. In addition to the fundamentals, the book covers the theory, properties, synthesis, and various reaction types of plasmonic catalysis. It also covers its applications in reactions including oxidation, reduction, nitrogen fixation, CO2 reduction, and more. The book characterizes plasmonic catalytic systems and describes their properties, tackling the integration of conventional methods as well as new methods able to unravel the optical, electronic, and chemical properties of these systems. It also describes the fundamentals of controlled synthesis of metal nanoparticles relevant to plasmonic catalysis, as well as practical examples thereof. Plasmonic Catalysis covers a wide variety of other practical topics in the field, including hydrogenation reactions and the harvesting of LSPR-excited charge carriers. Readers will also benefit from the inclusion of: A thorough introduction to plasmonic catalysis, a theory of plasmons for catalysis and mechanisms, as well as optical properties of plasmonic-catalytic nanostructures An exploration of the synthesis of plasmonic nanoparticles for photo and electro catalysis, as well as plasmonic catalysis towards oxidation reactions and hydrogenation reactions Discussions of plasmonic catalysis for multi-electron processes and artificial photosynthesis and N2 fixation An examination of control over reaction selectivity in plasmonic catalysis Perfect for catalytic chemists, materials scientists, photochemists, and physical chemists, Plasmonic Catalysis: From Fundamentals to Applications will also earn a place in the libraries of physicists who seek a one-stop resource to enhance their understanding of applications in plasmonic catalysis.