New Trends In The Chemistry Of Nitrogen Fixation
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New Trends In The Chemistry Of Nitrogen Fixation
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Author : J. Chatt
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1980
New Trends In The Chemistry Of Nitrogen Fixation written by J. Chatt and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1980 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The Chemistry And Biochemistry Of Nitrogen Fixation
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Author : J. Postgate
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
The Chemistry And Biochemistry Of Nitrogen Fixation written by J. Postgate and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
Understanding of biological nitrogen fixation has advanced with impressive rapidity during the last decade. As befits a developing area of Science, these advances have uncovered information and raised questions which will have, and indeed have had, repercussions in numerous other branches of science and its applications. This 'information explosion', to use one of to-day's cant idioms, was initiated by the discovery, by a group of scientists working in the Central Research laboratories of Dupont de Nemours, U. S. A. , of a reproducibly active, cell-free enzyme preparation from a nitrogen fixing bacterium. Full credit is due to them. But subsequent developments, albeit sometimes quite as impressive, have too often been marked by that familiar disorder of a developing field of research-the scramble to publish. It is a scramble which, at its best, may represent a laudable desire to inform colleagues of the latest developments; yet which too easily develops into an undignified rush for priority, wherewith to impress one's Board of Directors or Grant-giving Institution. This, in miniature, is the tragedy of scientific research to-day: desire for credit causes research to be published in little bulletins, notes and preliminary communications, so that only those intimately involved in the field really know what is happening (and even they may well not see the forest for the trees). Those outside the field, or working in peripheral areas, may glean something of what is going on from reviews and fragments presented at meetings, but the broad pattern of development is often elusive.
Synthetic Nitrogen Products
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Author : Gary Maxwell
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2006-02-08
Synthetic Nitrogen Products written by Gary Maxwell and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-02-08 with Science categories.
Industrial products that are made from, or contain, nitrogen are described in parts of some encyclopedias and standard reference works. However it is not always simple to determine from these varied sources the present status of the technology and markets for various nitrogen products. We therefore perceived a need for a text that provides a comprehensive description of: 1) products that are made from or that contain nitrogen; 2) the processes that produce these products; and 3) the markets that consume these products. I have attempted to present the material in a standardized format that should make this book easy to use and helpful to the readers. The standard format for each product is: Introduction, Process, Production, and Uses, with some variations in different chapters. This book provides information that could be used by a wide range of readers: Fertilizer companies—to evaluate different production processes and review general trends in the market. Basic chemical companies—to evaluate different production processes and review general trends in the market. Specialty chemical companies—to investigate new chemical production and/or sales opportunities and the processes that could make those sales a possibility. Chemical distributors—to obtain a feel for the general market size for some chemicals and the basic handling and distribution procedures for various chemicals. Engineering Companies—to evaluate different production processes and review general trends in the market. Engineering and Chemistry Students—to learn more about practical applications of the principals that they have experienced in their classrooms and laboratories.
Nitrogen Fixation
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Author : Achim Muller
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Nitrogen Fixation written by Achim Muller and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
This volume constitutes the proceedings of an international meeting held from June 28 to July 1, 1981, at Zif, Zentrum far Interdisziplin~re Forschung an der Universit~t Bielefeld, West Germany. The meeting was one of a continuing series organized through Zif on topics which transcend the boundaries of the traditional academic disciplines. The almost exponentially growing area of nitrogen fixation research fits this criterion completely. It is, however, so broad that we oriented and focused the meeting on just the chemical, biochemical, and genetic aspects to maximize the interaction among the participants and to produce a volume which would serve as a reference source for the involved researcher, the newly interested scientist and those with a more casual interest. The meeting was generously supported by Zif, the Westf~lisch Lippische Universit~tsgesellschaft, and the Fonds der Chemischen Industrie. We sincerely thank these organizations for their generosity and interest and for recognizing the importance of nitrogen fixation research for the future of mankind.
Homogeneous Catalysis With Metal Phosphine Complexes
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Author : Louis M. Pignolet
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-11-21
Homogeneous Catalysis With Metal Phosphine Complexes written by Louis M. Pignolet and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-21 with Science categories.
The field of transition metal catalysis has experienced incredible growth during the past decade. The reasons for this are obvious when one considers the world's energy problems and the need for new and less energy demanding syntheses of important chemicals. Heterogeneous catalysis has played a major industrial role; however, such reactions are generally not selective and are exceedingly difficult to study. Homogeneous catalysis suffers from on-site engineering difficulties; however, such reactions usually provide the desired selectivity. For example, Monsanto's synthesis of optically-active amino acids employs a chiral homogeneous rhodium diphosphine catalyst. Industrial uses of homogeneous catalyst systems are increasing. It is not by accident that many homogeneous catalysts contain tertiary phosphine ligands. These ligands possess the correct steric and electronic properties that are necessary for catalytic reactivity and selectivity. This point will be emphasized throughout the book. Thus the stage is set for a comprehensive be treatment of the many ways in which phosphine catalyst systems can designed, synthesized, and studied.
Nitrogen Fixation
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Author : Yoshiaki Nishibayashi
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-06-19
Nitrogen Fixation written by Yoshiaki Nishibayashi and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-06-19 with Science categories.
This volume presents a review of recent developments in nitrogen fixation using transition metal–dinitrogen complexes in the last decade. The authors are international experts in the corresponding field and each chapter discusses their latest achievements in the preparation of various transition metal–dinitrogen complexes and their reactivity. This volume will be helpful to researchers, teachers, and students who are interested in innovative and sustainable chemistry.
Chemistry And World Food Supplies
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Author : L. W. Shemilt
language : en
Publisher: Int. Rice Res. Inst.
Release Date : 1983
Chemistry And World Food Supplies written by L. W. Shemilt and has been published by Int. Rice Res. Inst. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1983 with Science categories.
Soil and crop management for efficient use of water and nutrients;integrated approaches to pest management;the role of chemistry and biochemistry in improving animal production systems;contributions of chemistry and biochemistry to developing new and improved food sources;chemistry and biochemistry in the processing and storage of food;chemistry in the assessment and control of the food supply;the forward edge.
The Chemistry And Biochemistry Of Nitrogen Fixation
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Author : John R. Postgate
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1976
The Chemistry And Biochemistry Of Nitrogen Fixation written by John R. Postgate and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1976 with categories.
Catalysts For Nitrogen Fixation
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Author : Barry E. Smith
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-03-20
Catalysts For Nitrogen Fixation written by Barry E. Smith and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-20 with Science categories.
Biological nitrogen fixation provides more than 50% of the total annual input of the essential element nitrogen to world agriculture. Thus, it is of immense agronomic importance and critical to food supplies, particularly in developing countries. This book, with chapters authored by internationally renowned experts, provides a comprehensive and detailed account of the fascinating history of the process - including the surprising discoveries of molybdenum-independent nitrogenases and superoxide-dependent nitrogenase; a review of Man's attempts to emulate the biological process - most successfully with the commercially dominant Haber-Bosch process; and the current state of the understanding art with respect to the enzymes - called nitrogenases - responsible for biological nitrogen fixation. The initial chapters use a historical approach to the biological and industrial processes, followed by an overview of assay methodologies. The next set of chapters focuses on the classical enzyme, the molybdenum nitrogenase, and details its biosynthesis, structure, composition, and mechanism of action as well as detailing both how variants of its two component proteins are constructed by recombinant DNA technology and how computational techniques are being applied. The sophisticated chemical modelling of the metal-containing clusters in the enzyme is reviewed next, followed by a description of the two molybdenum-independent nitrogenases - first, the vanadium-containing enzyme and then the iron-only nitrogenase - together with some thoughts as to why they exist! Then follows an up-to-date treatment of the clearly "non-classical" properties of the superoxide-dependent nitrogenase, which more closely resembles molybdenum-containing hydroxylases and related enzymes, like nitrate reductase, that it does the other nitrogenases. Each chapter contains an extensive list of references. This book is the self-contained first volume of a comprehensive seven-volume series. No other available work provides the up-to-date and in-depth coverage of this series and this volume. This book is intended to serve as an indispensable reference work for all scientists working in this area, including agriculture and the closely related metals-in-biology area; to assist students to enter this challenging area of research; and to provide science administrators easy access to vital relevant information.
Nitrogen Fixation At The Millennium
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Author : G.J. Leigh
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2002-11-22
Nitrogen Fixation At The Millennium written by G.J. Leigh and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-11-22 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The turn of the millennium from the twentieth to the twenty-first century provides an occasion to review our understanding of a biological process, biological nitrogen fixation, that is of prime importance for the continued survival of mankind. This process has provided a basis for maintaining soil fertility since the beginning of organised agriculture, yet its very existence was confirmed only just over a century ago. In the intervening years, an enormous intellectual effort has dispersed much of the mystery surrounding biological nitrogen fixation. Biological fixation is widely exploited in agriculture, as are nitrogen fertilisers prepared for the last hundred years under extreme conditions of temperature and pressure. However, despite all our efforts, the fundamental nature of the reactions involved at the heart of the biological process remain unknown. This book aims to describe what we have learned in the last one hundred years or so about biological nitrogen fixation, about what its chemistry appears to be, and how it is applied in agriculture. This ambitious objective has not been attempted recently. It is aimed at students and those who wish to enter these very challenging areas of research, and who need to learn the state of the art at the turn of the millennium. The authors are all acknowledged world experts in their fields. They have prepared concise, well referenced and authoritative accounts of their subjects. This book provides a unique summary of the current state of knowledge that will be indispensable to all students and researchers, actual and potential, interested in biological nitrogen fixation.