Causality In The Sciences
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Causality And Causal Modelling In The Social Sciences
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Author : Federica Russo
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2008-09-18
Causality And Causal Modelling In The Social Sciences written by Federica Russo and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-09-18 with Social Science categories.
The anti-causal prophecies of last century have been disproved. Causality is neither a ‘relic of a bygone’ nor ‘another fetish of modern science’; it still occupies a large part of the current debate in philosophy and the sciences. This investigation into causal modelling presents the rationale of causality, i.e. the notion that guides causal reasoning in causal modelling. It is argued that causal models are regimented by a rationale of variation, nor of regularity neither invariance, thus breaking down the dominant Human paradigm. The notion of variation is shown to be embedded in the scheme of reasoning behind various causal models: e.g. Rubin’s model, contingency tables, and multilevel analysis. It is also shown to be latent – yet fundamental – in many philosophical accounts. Moreover, it has significant consequences for methodological issues: the warranty of the causal interpretation of causal models, the levels of causation, the characterisation of mechanisms, and the interpretation of probability. This book offers a novel philosophical and methodological approach to causal reasoning in causal modelling and provides the reader with the tools to be up to date about various issues causality rises in social science. "Dr. Federica Russo's book is a very valuable addition to a small number of relevant publications on causality and causal modelling in the social sciences viewed from a philosophical approach". (Prof. Guillaume Wunsch, Institute of Demography, University of Louvain, Belgium)
Time And Causality Across The Sciences
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Author : Samantha Kleinberg
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2019-09-26
Time And Causality Across The Sciences written by Samantha Kleinberg and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-09-26 with Computers categories.
Explores the critical role time plays in our understanding of causality, across psychology, biology, physics and the social sciences.
Causality In The Sciences
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Author : Phyllis Illari
language : en
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Release Date : 2011-03-17
Causality In The Sciences written by Phyllis Illari and has been published by OUP Oxford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-03-17 with Science categories.
There is a need for integrated thinking about causality, probability and mechanisms in scientific methodology. Causality and probability are long-established central concepts in the sciences, with a corresponding philosophical literature examining their problems. On the other hand, the philosophical literature examining mechanisms is not long-established, and there is no clear idea of how mechanisms relate to causality and probability. But we need some idea if we are to understand causal inference in the sciences: a panoply of disciplines, ranging from epidemiology to biology, from econometrics to physics, routinely make use of probability, statistics, theory and mechanisms to infer causal relationships. These disciplines have developed very different methods, where causality and probability often seem to have different understandings, and where the mechanisms involved often look very different. This variegated situation raises the question of whether the different sciences are really using different concepts, or whether progress in understanding the tools of causal inference in some sciences can lead to progress in other sciences. The book tackles these questions as well as others concerning the use of causality in the sciences.
Experimental Political Science And The Study Of Causality
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Author : Rebecca B. Morton
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2010-08-06
Experimental Political Science And The Study Of Causality written by Rebecca B. Morton and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-08-06 with Political Science categories.
Increasingly, political scientists use the term 'experiment' or 'experimental' to describe their empirical research. One of the primary reasons for doing so is the advantage of experiments in establishing causal inferences. In this book, Rebecca B. Morton and Kenneth C. Williams discuss in detail how experiments and experimental reasoning with observational data can help researchers determine causality. They explore how control and random assignment mechanisms work, examining both the Rubin causal model and the formal theory approaches to causality. They also cover general topics in experimentation such as the history of experimentation in political science; internal and external validity of experimental research; types of experiments - field, laboratory, virtual, and survey - and how to choose, recruit, and motivate subjects in experiments. They investigate ethical issues in experimentation, the process of securing approval from institutional review boards for human subject research, and the use of deception in experimentation.
Causality In The Sciences
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Author : Phyllis McKay Illari
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Causality In The Sciences written by Phyllis McKay Illari and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Causation categories.
Why do ideas of how mechanisms relate to causality and probability differ so much across the sciences? Can progress in understanding the tools of causal inference in some sciences lead to progress in others? This book tackles these questions and others concerning the use of causality in the sciences.--[Source inconnue].
The Book Of Why
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Author : Judea Pearl
language : en
Publisher: Penguin UK
Release Date : 2018-05-15
The Book Of Why written by Judea Pearl and has been published by Penguin UK this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-05-15 with Philosophy categories.
The hugely influential book on how the understanding of causality revolutionized science and the world, by the pioneer of artificial intelligence 'Wonderful ... illuminating and fun to read' Daniel Kahneman, Nobel Prize-winner and author of Thinking, Fast and Slow 'Correlation does not imply causation.' For decades, this mantra was invoked by scientists in order to avoid taking positions as to whether one thing caused another, such as smoking and cancer, or carbon dioxide and global warming. But today, that taboo is dead. The causal revolution, sparked by world-renowned computer scientist Judea Pearl and his colleagues, has cut through a century of confusion and placed cause and effect on a firm scientific basis. Now, Pearl and science journalist Dana Mackenzie explain causal thinking to general readers for the first time, showing how it allows us to explore the world that is and the worlds that could have been. It is the essence of human and artificial intelligence. And just as Pearl's discoveries have enabled machines to think better, The Book of Why explains how we too can think better. 'Pearl's accomplishments over the last 30 years have provided the theoretical basis for progress in artificial intelligence and have redefined the term "thinking machine"' Vint Cerf
Designing Research In The Social Sciences
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Author : Martino Maggetti
language : en
Publisher: SAGE
Release Date : 2012-12-18
Designing Research In The Social Sciences written by Martino Maggetti and has been published by SAGE this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-18 with Social Science categories.
This innovative research design text will help you make informed choices when carrying out your research project. Covering both qualitative and quantitative approaches, and with examples drawn from a wide range of social science disciplines, the authors explain what is at stake when choosing a research design, and discuss the trade-offs that researchers have to make when considering issues such as: - causality - categories and classification - heterogeneity - interdependence - time This book will appeal to students and researchers looking for an in-depth understanding of research design issues to help them design their projects in a thoughtful and responsible way.
Causality Probability And Medicine
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Author : Donald Gillies
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2018-08-15
Causality Probability And Medicine written by Donald Gillies and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-08-15 with Philosophy categories.
Why is understanding causation so important in philosophy and the sciences? Should causation be defined in terms of probability? Whilst causation plays a major role in theories and concepts of medicine, little attempt has been made to connect causation and probability with medicine itself. Causality, Probability, and Medicine is one of the first books to apply philosophical reasoning about causality to important topics and debates in medicine. Donald Gillies provides a thorough introduction to and assessment of competing theories of causality in philosophy, including action-related theories, causality and mechanisms, and causality and probability. Throughout the book he applies them to important discoveries and theories within medicine, such as germ theory; tuberculosis and cholera; smoking and heart disease; the first ever randomized controlled trial designed to test the treatment of tuberculosis; the growing area of philosophy of evidence-based medicine; and philosophy of epidemiology. This book will be of great interest to students and researchers in philosophy of science and philosophy of medicine, as well as those working in medicine, nursing and related health disciplines where a working knowledge of causality and probability is required.
Causation In Science And The Methods Of Scientific Discovery
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Author : Rani Lill Anjum
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Causation In Science And The Methods Of Scientific Discovery written by Rani Lill Anjum and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with Philosophy categories.
Causal questions are relevant to all sciences and social sciences, yet how we discover causal connections is no easy matter. Indeed, the choice of methods concerns the correct norms for the empirical study of the world. In this text, two experts on causation relate philosophical theory to scientific practice and propose nine new norms of discovery.
Causality
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Author : Judea Pearl
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2009-09-14
Causality written by Judea Pearl and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-09-14 with Computers categories.
Causality offers the first comprehensive coverage of causal analysis in many sciences, including recent advances using graphical methods. Pearl presents a unified account of the probabilistic, manipulative, counterfactual and structural approaches to causation, and devises simple mathematical tools for analyzing the relationships between causal connections, statistical associations, actions and observations. The book will open the way for including causal analysis in the standard curriculum of statistics, artificial intelligence ...