Causation In Science And The Methods Of Scientific Discovery
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Causation In Science And The Methods Of Scientific Discovery
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Author : Rani Lill Anjum
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Causation In Science And The Methods Of Scientific Discovery written by Rani Lill Anjum and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with PHILOSOPHY categories.
Causal questions are relevant to all sciences and social sciences, yet how we discover causal connections is no easy matter. Indeed, the choice of methods concerns the correct norms for the empirical study of the world. In this text, two experts on causation relate philosophical theory to scientific practice and propose nine new norms of discovery.
Causation In Science And The Methods Of Scientific Discovery
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Author : Rani Lill Anjum
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2018-09-10
Causation In Science And The Methods Of Scientific Discovery written by Rani Lill Anjum and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-09-10 with Philosophy categories.
Causation is the main foundation upon which the possibility of science rests. Without causation, there would be no scientific understanding, explanation, prediction, nor application in new technologies. How we discover causal connections is no easy matter, however. Causation often lies hidden from view and it is vital that we adopt the right methods for uncovering it. The choice of methods will inevitably reflect what one takes causation to be, making an accurate account of causation an even more pressing matter. This enquiry informs the correct norms for an empirical study of the world. In Causation in Science and the Methods of Scientific Discovery, Rani Lill Anjum and Stephen Mumford propose nine new norms of scientific discovery. A number of existing methodological and philosophical orthodoxies are challenged as they argue that progress in science is being held back by an overly simplistic philosophy of causation.
Philosophy Of Science
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Author : Rani Lill Anjum
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2024-07-17
Philosophy Of Science written by Rani Lill Anjum and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-07-17 with Science categories.
This textbook is a comprehensive, engaging, and user-friendly introduction to philosophy of science written by a philosopher and a scientist. By exploring traditional debates within philosophy of science, as well as analysing contemporary scientific controversies for philosophical bias, the reader is invited to reflect upon how philosophical assumptions influence scientific theory, methods, and practice. Key features: Is an accessible introduction to philosophy of science written by a philosopher and a scientist. Includes some of the many important contributions from women philosophers and scientists. Demonstrates the philosophical influences on scientific thinking, practice, and expert disagreement. Applies philosophy of science to analyse some specific real-life cases of scientific controversy. This book is an essential resource for students and teachers in philosophy of science. It is also ideal for anyone interested in the philosophical influences on contemporary science.
Alternative Approaches To Causation
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Author : Yafeng Shan
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2024
Alternative Approaches To Causation written by Yafeng Shan and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024 with Philosophy categories.
This volume focuses on alternatives to the two main philosophical approaches to causation: mechanistic explanation, and explanation in terms of difference-making. It explores the pluralistic, the fictionalist, the inferentialist, and the informational approaches, as well as the application of various approaches to natural and social sciences.
Rethinking Causality Complexity And Evidence For The Unique Patient
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Author : Rani Lill Anjum
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-06-02
Rethinking Causality Complexity And Evidence For The Unique Patient written by Rani Lill Anjum and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-06-02 with Philosophy categories.
This open access book is a unique resource for health professionals who are interested in understanding the philosophical foundations of their daily practice. It provides tools for untangling the motivations and rationality behind the way medicine and healthcare is studied, evaluated and practiced. In particular, it illustrates the impact that thinking about causation, complexity and evidence has on the clinical encounter. The book shows how medicine is grounded in philosophical assumptions that could at least be challenged. By engaging with ideas that have shaped the medical profession, clinicians are empowered to actively take part in setting the premises for their own practice and knowledge development. Written in an engaging and accessible style, with contributions from experienced clinicians, this book presents a new philosophical framework that takes causal complexity, individual variation and medical uniqueness as default expectations for health and illness.
Causal Inference And The People S Health
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Author : Sharon Schwartz
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2024-12-17
Causal Inference And The People S Health written by Sharon Schwartz and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-12-17 with Medical categories.
An essential introduction to concepts of causation and causal inference that explores how our definitions of causes in epidemiology influence how we go about finding them and estimating their effects. A key goal of epidemiologic research is to uncover the causes of diseases and other health-related outcomes. But exactly what we mean by a "cause" and what types of phenomena qualify as causes, differ across historical periods, and is a contentious topic. The causal status of social phenomena has been, and continues to be, particularly precarious. In Causal Inference and the People's Health, Sharon Schwartz and Seth J. Prins offer both a synthesis of the dominant school of thought around causality and propose an approach that keeps causal concepts as an organizing principle without marginalizing social phenomena. The authors examine the implications of the "Causal Revolution,"--introduced in epidemiology as the Potential Outcomes framework--which initiated a paradigm shift across the social sciences. As the authors show, this shift influences the questions we ask, the methods we use, the narratives we construct about our study results, and thus the knowledge we use to fight for the people's health. The guiding principle of the Causal Revolution is simple but profound: researchers should specify if their goal is description, prediction, or causation. In other words, researchers should declare their causal goals even for observational studies. This principle not only produced important innovations, but it also reignited debates about the definition of causation, the causal status of important social constructs like class and gender, and the role of manipulation or intervention in causal inference. Interrogating these debates and embracing causal questions that identify and explain etiologic processes, Causal Inference and the People's Health offers a path forward that expands causal inference to include social forces as causes of the people's health, and therefore reinvigorates epidemiology's historical role in targeting systems and structures for change.
Brain Decision Making And Mental Health
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Author : Nima Rezaei
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2023-01-01
Brain Decision Making And Mental Health written by Nima Rezaei and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-01-01 with Medical categories.
Brain, Decision Making, and Mental Health acknowledges that thinking is not a constant phenomenon but varies considerably across cultures. Critical thinking is particularly important in bridging thinking divisions and its applicability across sciences, particularly medical sciences. We see critical thinking as educable and the arts as means to achieve this purpose. We address the multidimensional relationship between thinking and health and related mechanisms. Thinking mainly affects emotion regulation and executive function; in other words, both mental and physical health are related as a function of thoughts. Considering the thinking‐feeling‐emotion regulation/executive function pathway, it would be reasonable to propose thinking capacities‐based interventions to impact emotion regulation and executive function, such as mindfulness and psychotherapy. We review decision-making taking place in integrated and social contexts and discuss the decision-making styles-decision outcomes relation. Finally, artificial thinking and intelligence prepare us for decision-making outside the human mind.
Maximizing The Impacts Of Academic Research
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Author : Patrick Dunleavy
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
Release Date : 2020-10-10
Maximizing The Impacts Of Academic Research written by Patrick Dunleavy and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-10-10 with Education categories.
This is an invaluable guide to better research communication within and beyond academia. With many years of research experience, the authors provide scholars and scientists with systematic advice on how to ensure their research reaches its potential, and grows the recognition, influence, practical application and public understanding of science and scholarship. It begins by examining how citations work and evaluating the different measures of academic influence, from legacy bibliometric systems to altmetrics and digital metrics. Subsequent chapters show readers how to craft impactful journal articles, work effectively with co-authors, create a portfolio of publications and build a digital strategy that promotes knowledge exchange. Checklists help readers decide how and in what format to publish, enabling them to get their research in front of the right people. Throughout, the authors illustrate impact with data drawn from a wide range of disciplines. Maximizing the Impacts of Academic Research is ideal for PhD students and early career researchers taking their first steps into academic research, experienced researchers mentoring the next generation of scholars and scientists and established academics looking to systematically review and upgrade their existing impact practices.
Applied Data Science
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Author : Martin Braschler
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2019-06-13
Applied Data Science written by Martin Braschler and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-06-13 with Computers categories.
This book has two main goals: to define data science through the work of data scientists and their results, namely data products, while simultaneously providing the reader with relevant lessons learned from applied data science projects at the intersection of academia and industry. As such, it is not a replacement for a classical textbook (i.e., it does not elaborate on fundamentals of methods and principles described elsewhere), but systematically highlights the connection between theory, on the one hand, and its application in specific use cases, on the other. With these goals in mind, the book is divided into three parts: Part I pays tribute to the interdisciplinary nature of data science and provides a common understanding of data science terminology for readers with different backgrounds. These six chapters are geared towards drawing a consistent picture of data science and were predominantly written by the editors themselves. Part II then broadens the spectrum by presenting views and insights from diverse authors – some from academia and some from industry, ranging from financial to health and from manufacturing to e-commerce. Each of these chapters describes a fundamental principle, method or tool in data science by analyzing specific use cases and drawing concrete conclusions from them. The case studies presented, and the methods and tools applied, represent the nuts and bolts of data science. Finally, Part III was again written from the perspective of the editors and summarizes the lessons learned that have been distilled from the case studies in Part II. The section can be viewed as a meta-study on data science across a broad range of domains, viewpoints and fields. Moreover, it provides answers to the question of what the mission-critical factors for success in different data science undertakings are. The book targets professionals as well as students of data science:first, practicing data scientists in industry and academia who want to broaden their scope and expand their knowledge by drawing on the authors’ combined experience. Second, decision makers in businesses who face the challenge of creating or implementing a data-driven strategy and who want to learn from success stories spanning a range of industries. Third, students of data science who want to understand both the theoretical and practical aspects of data science, vetted by real-world case studies at the intersection of academia and industry.
Systems Relations And The Structures Of International Societies
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Author : Jack Donnelly
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2023-11-02
Systems Relations And The Structures Of International Societies written by Jack Donnelly and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-11-02 with Political Science categories.
Inspired by recent work in evolutionary, developmental, and systems biology, Systems, Relations, and the Structures of International Societies sketches a robust conception of systems that grounds a new conception of levels (of organization, not merely analysis). Understanding international systems as multi-level multi-actor complex adaptive systems allows explanations of important features of the world that are inaccessible to dominant causal and rationalist explanatory strategies. It also develops a comprehensive critique of IR's dominant conception of systems and structures (narrow, rigid, and unfruitful); presents a novel conception of the interrelationship of the social production of continuities and the social production of change; and sketches models of spatio-political structure that cast new light on the development of international systems, including a distinctive account of the nature of globalization.