Cellular And Molecular Analysis Of Motor Neuron Development In The Zebrafish Hindbrain
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Cellular And Molecular Analysis Of Motor Neuron Development In The Zebrafish Hindbrain
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Author : Stephanie Bingham
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2003
Cellular And Molecular Analysis Of Motor Neuron Development In The Zebrafish Hindbrain written by Stephanie Bingham and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Cytology categories.
Proper development of the nervous system depends upon the production of neurons in the correct numbers, and in the correct locations. Many cell fate decisions in the developing nervous system depend on intercellular signaling mediated by the transmembrane proteins Notch and Delta. Failure of Notch signaling in zebrafish mind bomb ( mib ) mutants generates a neurogenic phenotype in the hindbrain characterized by the overproduction of some neuronal cell types, and accompanied by a significant loss of motor neurons and neuroepithelial cells. Genetic mosaic analysis indicates that hindbrain motor neuron patterning and fusion defects in mib mutants arise non-cell autonomously, partly due to the differentiation of midline neuroepithelial cells into neurons. These results highlight the importance of non-neuronal cells to rhombomere boundaries formation and midline tissues which are the sources of signals for numerous patterning mechanisms within the developing brain. Additional signaling pathways act on these neuronal precursors to induce the formation of specific neuronal types. For example, motor neurons are induced by secreted proteins encoded by the hedgehog gene family. Mutations in shh alone lead to reduced induction of hindbrain motor neurons, while reduction of twhh expression does not affect motor neuron number. However, when both functions of twhh and shh are disrupted, there is a complete failure to induce hindbrain motor neurons. These results demonstrate that shh and twhh play a cooperative role in zebrafish hindbrain motor neuron induction, and suggest that hindbrain motor neuron induction in zebrafish may be dependent on the concentration of total hedgehog activity, rather than different hedgehog proteins. A subset of motor neurons migrates tangentially into more caudal hindbrain locations following induction in anterior hindbrain regions in the wild-type zebrafish but fail to do so in the trilobite mutant. Genetic mosaic analysis revealed that the neuronal migration defect in tri mutants is due to the loss of cell autonomous and non-cell autonomous tri function. In vivo time-lapse and molecular analyses demonstrate that mutations in the zebrafish gene trilobite ( tri ) specifically affect the ability of motor neurons in the hindbrain to polarize their protrusions, leading to the elimination of tangential motor neuron migration. We now know that tri encodes the Planar Cell Polarity gene, Strabismus , previously unidentified for its role in mediating neuronal cell movements. tri therefore represents an important genetic tool in understanding the mechanisms underlying tangential neuronal migration.
Role Of Transmembrane Protein Strabismus In Motor Neuron Migration In The Zebrafish Hindbrain
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Author : Vinoth Sittaramane
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Role Of Transmembrane Protein Strabismus In Motor Neuron Migration In The Zebrafish Hindbrain written by Vinoth Sittaramane and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Cell migration categories.
Nervous system development involves extensive cell migration, causing immature neurons to move from proliferative zones to specific locations to generate functional circuits. Defective in neuronal migration can cause severe anomalies including mental retardation and learning disabilities. Therefore, it is important to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying neuronal migration. We use zebrafish as a model to study one such migration. In the zebrafish and mouse hindbrain, Facial Branchiomotor Neurons (FBMNs), which mediate jaw and facial movements in mammals, migrate caudally (tangentially) from rhombomere 4 (r4) into r6 and r7. The transmembrane protein Strabismus (Stbm) is a component of the non-canonical Wnt/PCP pathway and is necessary for the normal migration of FBMNs. To understand the mechanisms by which stbm regulates neuronal migration, I sought (1) to identify the cell types where stbm function is required for FBMN migration (2) to analyze the various domains of Stbm and their requirement for FBMN migration and (3) to analyze other genes interacting with stbm to regulate FBMN migration. Previous analyses showed that stbm is expressed ubiquitously, and function non-cell autonomously during FBMN migration. Expression analysis of stbm and its interacting partner prickle1a (pk1a) raised the possibility that stbm and pk1a may function in non-neural tissues such as the paraxial mesoderm or endoderm to regulate FBMN migration. FBMN migration occurs normally in embryos lacking endoderm suggesting that endoderm-expressed stbm is not necessary for FBMN migration. Targeted transplantation of stbm-deficient cells into the mesoderm of wild-type host embryos does not affect FBMN migration indicating that mesoderm-expressed stbm is also not essential for FBMN migration. However, transplanted wild-type cells generating ventral neural tube cells including floorplate were able to rescue FBMN migration in stbm [superscript -slash-] mutants. Conversely, transplanted stbm-deficient cells generating ventral neural tube cells such as floorplate were able to block FBMN migration in wild-type zebrafish embryos, suggesting strongly that stbm expression in the floorplate is necessary and sufficient for FBMN migration. Strabismus (Stbm) is predicted to be a four pass transmembrane protein with N- and C- terminal cytoplasmic domains, and a PDZ domain binding motif at the C-terminus. To identify regions of Stbm that are essential for mediating FBMN migration, we tested the abilities of the cytosolic N- & C- terminal fragment to rescue migration in the stbm [superscript -slash-] mutants. Surprisingly, both constructs rescued defective FBMN migration, suggesting that both N- and C- terminal domains of Stbm can independently facilitate downstream events mediating FBMN migration in zebrafish hindbrain. Genetic mosaic analyses have indicated that stbm functions in the environment especially in the ventral neural tube cells such as floorplate to regulate FBMN migration. This result suggests that stbm expressed outside motor neurons genetically interact with other genes expressed in FBMNs and the ventral neural tube to mediate FBMN migration. To test this hypothesis, we examined the roles of Transient axonal glycoprotein-1 (Tag-1) and Laminin [alpha] 1, which respectively encode cell adhesion and extracellular matrix protein, during FBMN migration. Tag-1 is expressed in FBMNs and its knockdown using antisense morpholinos leads to loss of FBMN migration. It genetically interacts with stbm to regulate FBMN migration. Laminin [alpha] 1 (lama1) also interact genetically with stbm to regulate FBMN migration. These results indicate that FBMN expressed tag-1 may be interacting with stbm in adjacent cells and lama1 to regulate FBMN migration.
Functional Analysis And Fine Mapping Of A Neurodevelopmental Mutation In Zebrafish
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Author : Juli A. Armstrong
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Functional Analysis And Fine Mapping Of A Neurodevelopmental Mutation In Zebrafish written by Juli A. Armstrong and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Zebra danio categories.
The Mechanosensory Lateral Line
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Author : Sheryl Coombs
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
The Mechanosensory Lateral Line written by Sheryl Coombs and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Nature categories.
This volume represents the published proceedings of an international conference on the Neurobiology and Evolution of the Mechanosensory Lateral Line System held August 31 to September 4, 1987, at the Center for Interdisciplinary Research at the University of Bielefeld, West Germany. The goal of this confer ence was to bring together researchers from all over the world to share informa tion about a major aquatic sensory system, the evolution and function of which have largely remained an enigma since the 18th century. The "lateral line" or "lateralis" system has been used as an umbrella term to describe what originally (without the aid of modern anatomical techniques) looked like a series of pits, grooves, and lines on the head and trunk of fishes and some amphibians. For at least the past 30 years, however, it has been recognized that the lateralis system comprises not one, but at least two functional classes of receptors: mechanoreceptors and electroreceptors. The relative ease with which the appropriate stimulus could be defined and measured for the electroreceptive class has resulted in an explosion of information on this submodality during the past 20 years. As a result, there is little ambiguity about the overall function of the electrosensory system, now generally regarded as an independent system in its own right. A similarly clear definition for the function of the mechanosensory lateralis system has not been as forthcoming.
Human Motor Neuron Diseases
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Author : Lewis P. Rowland
language : en
Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Release Date : 1982
Human Motor Neuron Diseases written by Lewis P. Rowland and has been published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1982 with Medical categories.
Handbook Of The Cerebellum And Cerebellar Disorders
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Author : Mario Manto
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2012-08-04
Handbook Of The Cerebellum And Cerebellar Disorders written by Mario Manto and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-08-04 with Medical categories.
Our knowledge of cerebellar functions and cerebellar disorders, called ataxias, is increasing considerably. Studies of the cerebellum are now a central focus in neuroscience. During the last four decades, many laboratories worldwide have dedicated their research activities to understanding the roles of the cerebellum in motor control, cognitive processes and biology of mental processes, behavioral symptoms, and emotion. It is now accepted that the cerebellum acts as a cognitive operator in learning, perception, and attention. Moreover, major improvements in our assessment of in vivo cerebellar architecture using imaging techniques have occurred. A typical example is the accurate description of cerebellar anatomy during fetal development with MRI, a progress which has direct impacts on patient care. These advances have been associated with discoveries of new clinical disorders, in particular in the field of genetic ataxias. More than 20 new genes have been identified these last 10 years. Only for dominant ataxias, more than 30 diseases have now been unravelled. The number of ataxic disorders will increase with aging, the cerebellum being the structure of the brain with the most important loss of neurons with age. More than 300 different cerebellar disorders are encountered during daily practice, but we are missing a single source of information explaining their pathogenesis. Despite the immense amount of knowledge acquired about the cerebellar circuitry these last years, a large book covering the neuroscience of the cerebellum is missing. The goal of this endeavour is to bring up to date information relevant for basic science and also for clinical activities. To reach this goal, the most renowned authors are gathered in a unique and in-depth book with a format of a handbook. We emphasize the connections between molecular findings, imaging features, behavioural/neuropsychological aspects, and clinical implications.
The Zebrafish
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Author : Joseph A. Holden
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2013-01-21
The Zebrafish written by Joseph A. Holden and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-01-21 with Science categories.
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a valuable and common model for researchers working in the fields of genetics, oncology and developmental sciences. This full-color atlas will aid experimental design and interpretation in these areas by providing a fundamental understanding of zebrafish anatomy. Over 150 photomicrographs are included and can be used for direct comparison with histological slides, allowing quick and accurate identification of the anatomic structures of interest. Hematoxylin and eosin stained longitudinal and transverse sections demonstrate gross anatomic relationships and illustrate the microscopic anatomy of major organs. Unlike much of the current literature, this book is focused exclusively on the zebrafish, eliminating the need for researchers to exclude structures that are only found in other fish.
Atlas Of Early Zebrafish Brain Development
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Author : Dr. Thomas Mueller
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2015-11-18
Atlas Of Early Zebrafish Brain Development written by Dr. Thomas Mueller and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-11-18 with Science categories.
Atlas of Early Zebrafish Brain Development: A Tool for Molecular Neurogenetics, Second Edition, remains the only neuroanatomical expression atlas of important genetic and immunohistochemical markers of this vertebrate model system. It represents a key reference and interpretation matrix for analyzing expression domains of genes involved in Zebrafish brain development and neurogenesis, and serves as a continuing milestone in this research area. This updated volume provides in-situ hybridized and immunostained preparations of complete series of brain sections, revealing markers of the fundamental stages in the life history of neuronal cells in very high quality preparations and photographic plates. Specific additions to this edition include documentation on the distribution of neurons expressing GABA, dopamine and serotonin, material on the basal ganglia, hypothalamus, and the caudal, segmented part of the diencephalon, new theories on the early organization of the telencephalon and thalamus, and integration of a comparative perspective on the mid- and hindbrain. Documentation on the distribution of neurons expressing GABA, dopamine and serotonin Material on the basal ganglia, hypothalamus, and the caudal, segmented part of the diencephalon New theories about the early organization of the telencephalon and thalamus Integration of a comparative perspective on the mid- and hindbrain
Zebrafish
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Author : Christiane Nusslein-Volhard
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2002-09-19
Zebrafish written by Christiane Nusslein-Volhard and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-09-19 with Science categories.
The zebrafish has become one of the most important model organisms to study biological processes within a living body. As a vertebrate that has many of the strengths of invertebrate model systems, it offers numerous advantages to researchers interested in many aspects of embryonic development, physiology and disease. This book not only provides a complete set of instructions that will allow researchers to establish the zebrafish in their laboratory. It also gives a broad overview of commonly used methods and a comprehensive collection of protocols describing the most powerful techniques.
Neuroanatomy Of The Zebrafish Brain
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Author : Mario F. Wulliman
language : en
Publisher: Birkhäuser
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Neuroanatomy Of The Zebrafish Brain written by Mario F. Wulliman and has been published by Birkhäuser this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.