Role Of Transmembrane Protein Strabismus In Motor Neuron Migration In The Zebrafish Hindbrain
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Role Of Transmembrane Protein Strabismus In Motor Neuron Migration In The Zebrafish Hindbrain
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Author : Vinoth Sittaramane
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Role Of Transmembrane Protein Strabismus In Motor Neuron Migration In The Zebrafish Hindbrain written by Vinoth Sittaramane and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Cell migration categories.
Nervous system development involves extensive cell migration, causing immature neurons to move from proliferative zones to specific locations to generate functional circuits. Defective in neuronal migration can cause severe anomalies including mental retardation and learning disabilities. Therefore, it is important to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying neuronal migration. We use zebrafish as a model to study one such migration. In the zebrafish and mouse hindbrain, Facial Branchiomotor Neurons (FBMNs), which mediate jaw and facial movements in mammals, migrate caudally (tangentially) from rhombomere 4 (r4) into r6 and r7. The transmembrane protein Strabismus (Stbm) is a component of the non-canonical Wnt/PCP pathway and is necessary for the normal migration of FBMNs. To understand the mechanisms by which stbm regulates neuronal migration, I sought (1) to identify the cell types where stbm function is required for FBMN migration (2) to analyze the various domains of Stbm and their requirement for FBMN migration and (3) to analyze other genes interacting with stbm to regulate FBMN migration. Previous analyses showed that stbm is expressed ubiquitously, and function non-cell autonomously during FBMN migration. Expression analysis of stbm and its interacting partner prickle1a (pk1a) raised the possibility that stbm and pk1a may function in non-neural tissues such as the paraxial mesoderm or endoderm to regulate FBMN migration. FBMN migration occurs normally in embryos lacking endoderm suggesting that endoderm-expressed stbm is not necessary for FBMN migration. Targeted transplantation of stbm-deficient cells into the mesoderm of wild-type host embryos does not affect FBMN migration indicating that mesoderm-expressed stbm is also not essential for FBMN migration. However, transplanted wild-type cells generating ventral neural tube cells including floorplate were able to rescue FBMN migration in stbm [superscript -slash-] mutants. Conversely, transplanted stbm-deficient cells generating ventral neural tube cells such as floorplate were able to block FBMN migration in wild-type zebrafish embryos, suggesting strongly that stbm expression in the floorplate is necessary and sufficient for FBMN migration. Strabismus (Stbm) is predicted to be a four pass transmembrane protein with N- and C- terminal cytoplasmic domains, and a PDZ domain binding motif at the C-terminus. To identify regions of Stbm that are essential for mediating FBMN migration, we tested the abilities of the cytosolic N- & C- terminal fragment to rescue migration in the stbm [superscript -slash-] mutants. Surprisingly, both constructs rescued defective FBMN migration, suggesting that both N- and C- terminal domains of Stbm can independently facilitate downstream events mediating FBMN migration in zebrafish hindbrain. Genetic mosaic analyses have indicated that stbm functions in the environment especially in the ventral neural tube cells such as floorplate to regulate FBMN migration. This result suggests that stbm expressed outside motor neurons genetically interact with other genes expressed in FBMNs and the ventral neural tube to mediate FBMN migration. To test this hypothesis, we examined the roles of Transient axonal glycoprotein-1 (Tag-1) and Laminin [alpha] 1, which respectively encode cell adhesion and extracellular matrix protein, during FBMN migration. Tag-1 is expressed in FBMNs and its knockdown using antisense morpholinos leads to loss of FBMN migration. It genetically interacts with stbm to regulate FBMN migration. Laminin [alpha] 1 (lama1) also interact genetically with stbm to regulate FBMN migration. These results indicate that FBMN expressed tag-1 may be interacting with stbm in adjacent cells and lama1 to regulate FBMN migration.
Cellular And Molecular Analysis Of Motor Neuron Development In The Zebrafish Hindbrain
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Author : Stephanie Bingham
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2003
Cellular And Molecular Analysis Of Motor Neuron Development In The Zebrafish Hindbrain written by Stephanie Bingham and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Cytology categories.
Proper development of the nervous system depends upon the production of neurons in the correct numbers, and in the correct locations. Many cell fate decisions in the developing nervous system depend on intercellular signaling mediated by the transmembrane proteins Notch and Delta. Failure of Notch signaling in zebrafish mind bomb ( mib ) mutants generates a neurogenic phenotype in the hindbrain characterized by the overproduction of some neuronal cell types, and accompanied by a significant loss of motor neurons and neuroepithelial cells. Genetic mosaic analysis indicates that hindbrain motor neuron patterning and fusion defects in mib mutants arise non-cell autonomously, partly due to the differentiation of midline neuroepithelial cells into neurons. These results highlight the importance of non-neuronal cells to rhombomere boundaries formation and midline tissues which are the sources of signals for numerous patterning mechanisms within the developing brain. Additional signaling pathways act on these neuronal precursors to induce the formation of specific neuronal types. For example, motor neurons are induced by secreted proteins encoded by the hedgehog gene family. Mutations in shh alone lead to reduced induction of hindbrain motor neurons, while reduction of twhh expression does not affect motor neuron number. However, when both functions of twhh and shh are disrupted, there is a complete failure to induce hindbrain motor neurons. These results demonstrate that shh and twhh play a cooperative role in zebrafish hindbrain motor neuron induction, and suggest that hindbrain motor neuron induction in zebrafish may be dependent on the concentration of total hedgehog activity, rather than different hedgehog proteins. A subset of motor neurons migrates tangentially into more caudal hindbrain locations following induction in anterior hindbrain regions in the wild-type zebrafish but fail to do so in the trilobite mutant. Genetic mosaic analysis revealed that the neuronal migration defect in tri mutants is due to the loss of cell autonomous and non-cell autonomous tri function. In vivo time-lapse and molecular analyses demonstrate that mutations in the zebrafish gene trilobite ( tri ) specifically affect the ability of motor neurons in the hindbrain to polarize their protrusions, leading to the elimination of tangential motor neuron migration. We now know that tri encodes the Planar Cell Polarity gene, Strabismus , previously unidentified for its role in mediating neuronal cell movements. tri therefore represents an important genetic tool in understanding the mechanisms underlying tangential neuronal migration.
Cellular Behaviors Regulating Tangential Migration Of Facial Branchiomotor Neurons In The Zebrafish Embryo
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Author : Anagha Sawant
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
Cellular Behaviors Regulating Tangential Migration Of Facial Branchiomotor Neurons In The Zebrafish Embryo written by Anagha Sawant and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Electronic dissertations categories.
Development of the nervous system is characterized by intricate processes like neuronal migration, axon outgrowth and guidance and synaptic connections to their targets. These processes involve navigation of the migrating neuronsoraxonal growth cones through a complex extracellular environment in the neuron tube. Signals generated through cell-cell interactions between the migrating neurons, surrounding cells and the extracellular matrix likely play a major role in neuronal migration. We show here that transient axonal glycoprotein1 (TAG1) is necessary for the migration of the facial branchiomotor neurons (FBMNs) in the zebrafish hindbrain. We also show that TAG1 exhibits genetic interactions with the extracellular matrix protein laminin1 (LAMA1) and the transmembrane protein strabismus (STBM) to regulate FBMN migration. To gain insight into the underlying cellular mechanisms, we examined the dynamic cellular behaviors of GFP-expressing FBMNs in wild type and morphant embryos using time lapse microscopy. FBMNs in control and morphant embryos move at comparable speeds, but differ in directionality. Knockdown of any of the three genes leads to similar deficits in caudally directed migratory behavior without affecting mediolateral migratory behavior. Together, the genetic and behavioral analysis suggests strongly that TAG1, LAMA1 and STBM regulate the same cellular processes necessary for motor neuron migration.
The Zebrafish Cellular And Developmental Biology
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2004-12-07
The Zebrafish Cellular And Developmental Biology written by and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-12-07 with Science categories.
This volume of Methods in Cell Biology, the first of two parts on the subject of zebrafish, provides a comprehensive compendia of laboratory protocols and reviews covering all the new methods developed since 1999. This first volume provides state-of-the-art descriptions of novel cellular imaging technologies and methods for culture of zebrafish stem cells, summarizes protocols for analyzingthe development of major organ systems including the central nervous system (CNS), and introduces the use of the zebrafish as a model system for human diseases. Details state-of-the art zebrafish protocols, delineating critical steps in the procedures as well as potential pitfalls Illustrates many techiques in full-color Summarizes the Zebrafish Genome Project
Cellular Migration And Formation Of Neuronal Connections
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2013-05-06
Cellular Migration And Formation Of Neuronal Connections written by and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-05-06 with Science categories.
The genetic, molecular, and cellular mechanisms of neural development are essential for understanding evolution and disorders of neural systems. Recent advances in genetic, molecular, and cell biological methods have generated a massive increase in new information, but there is a paucity of comprehensive and up-to-date syntheses, references, and historical perspectives on this important subject. The Comprehensive Developmental Neuroscience series is designed to fill this gap, offering the most thorough coverage of this field on the market today and addressing all aspects of how the nervous system and its components develop. Particular attention is paid to the effects of abnormal development and on new psychiatric/neurological treatments being developed based on our increased understanding of developmental mechanisms. Each volume in the series consists of review style articles that average 15-20pp and feature numerous illustrations and full references. Volume 2 offers 56 high level articles devoted mainly to Formation of Axons and Dendrites, Migration, Synaptogenesis, Developmental Sequences in the Maturation of Intrinsic and Synapse Driven Patterns. Series offers 144 articles for 2904 full color pages addressing ways in which the nervous system and its components develop Features leading experts in various subfields as Section Editors and article Authors All articles peer reviewed by Section Editors to ensure accuracy, thoroughness, and scholarship Volume 2 sections include coverage of mechanisms which regulate: the formation of axons and dendrites, cell migration, synapse formation and maintenance during development, and neural activity, from cell-intrinsic maturation to early correlated patterns of activity
Dissertation Abstracts International
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Dissertation Abstracts International written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Dissertations, Academic categories.
Cellular Migration And Formation Of Axons And Dendrites
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Author : Bin Chen
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2020-05-29
Cellular Migration And Formation Of Axons And Dendrites written by Bin Chen and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-05-29 with Medical categories.
Cellular Migration and Formation of Neuronal Connections, Second Edition, the latest release in the Comprehensive Developmental Neuroscience series, presents the latest information on the genetic, molecular and cellular mechanisms of neural development. This book provides a much-needed update that underscores the latest research in this rapidly evolving field, with new section editors discussing the technological advances that are enabling the pursuit of new research on brain development. This volume focuses on the formation of axons and dendrites and cellular migration. Features leading experts in various subfields as section editors and article authors Presents articles that have been peer reviewed to ensure accuracy, thoroughness and scholarship Includes coverage of mechanisms which regulate the formation of axons and dendrites and cellular migration Covers neural activity, from cell-intrinsic maturation, to early correlated patterns of activity
Planar Cell Polarity During Development
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2012-12-31
Planar Cell Polarity During Development written by and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-31 with Science categories.
This new volume of Current Topics in Developmental Biology covers the area of Planar Cell Polarity with contributions from an international board of authors. The 12 chapters provide a comprehensive set of reviews covering such topics as PCP in Zebra fish, the role of Dishevelled in PCP regulation, and PCP in axon pathfinding. Covers the area of planar cell polarity International board of authors 12 chapters provide a comprehensive set of reviews covering such topics as planar cell polarity in Zebrafish, the role of disheveled in planar cell polarity regulation, and planar cell polarity in axon path finding
Genetic Diseases Of The Eye
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Author : Elias I. Traboulsi
language : en
Publisher: OUP USA
Release Date : 2012-01-12
Genetic Diseases Of The Eye written by Elias I. Traboulsi and has been published by OUP USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-01-12 with Medical categories.
This book takes a clinical approach to the patient with a genetic disease that affects the eye. The chapters on particular types of diseases follow the same organizational format, covering history, pathogenesis and etiology, epidemiology, classification, clinical manifestations and diagnosis, and treatment. The recent progress achieved in the molecular genetics of eye disease is fully reflected throughout the book. It is written by leading experts in the field and provides clinical, molecular genetic and management information on common and rare diseases. The chapters are heavily illustrated and provide a good Atlas for the practicing ophthalmologist or geneticist.
Cell Polarity In Development And Disease
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Author : Douglas W Houston
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2017-11-14
Cell Polarity In Development And Disease written by Douglas W Houston and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-11-14 with Science categories.
Cell Polarity in Development and Disease offers insights into the basic molecular mechanisms of common diseases that arise as a result of a loss of ordered organization and intrinsic polarity. Included are diseases affecting highly polarized epithelial tissues in the lung and kidney, as well as loss and gain of cell polarity in the onset and progression of cancer. This book provides a basic resource for understanding the biology of polarity, offering a starting point for those thinking of targeting cell polarity for translational medical research. Provides basic science understanding of cell polarity disease and development Covers diseases affecting polarized epithelial tissues in the lung and kidney, also covering the progression of cancer Includes historical context of cell polarity research for potential future breakthroughs