Cellular And Molecular Mechanisms At The Proliferation Stage In Wound Healing From Scarring To Tissue Regeneration
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Cellular And Molecular Mechanisms At The Proliferation Stage In Wound Healing From Scarring To Tissue Regeneration
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Author : Shiro Jimi
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2021-03-26
Cellular And Molecular Mechanisms At The Proliferation Stage In Wound Healing From Scarring To Tissue Regeneration written by Shiro Jimi and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-03-26 with Science categories.
Mechanisms Of Vascular Disease
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Author : Robert Fitridge
language : en
Publisher: University of Adelaide Press
Release Date : 2011
Mechanisms Of Vascular Disease written by Robert Fitridge and has been published by University of Adelaide Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Medical categories.
New updated edition first published with Cambridge University Press. This new edition includes 29 chapters on topics as diverse as pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, vascular haemodynamics, haemostasis, thrombophilia and post-amputation pain syndromes.
Textbook On Scar Management
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Author : Luc Téot
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-12-07
Textbook On Scar Management written by Luc Téot and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-12-07 with Medical categories.
This text book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. Written by a group of international experts in the field and the result of over ten years of collaboration, it allows students and readers to gain to gain a detailed understanding of scar and wound treatment – a topic still dispersed among various disciplines. The content is divided into three parts for easy reference. The first part focuses on the fundamentals of scar management, including assessment and evaluation procedures, classification, tools for accurate measurement of all scar-related elements (volume density, color, vascularization), descriptions of the different evaluation scales. It also features chapters on the best practices in electronic-file storage for clinical reevaluation and telemedicine procedures for safe remote evaluation. The second section offers a comprehensive review of treatment and evidence-based technologies, presenting a consensus of the various available guidelines (silicone, surgery, chemical injections, mechanical tools for scar stabilization, lasers). The third part evaluates the full range of emerging technologies offered to physicians as alternative or complementary solutions for wound healing (mechanical, chemical, anti-proliferation). Textbook on Scar Management will appeal to trainees, fellows, residents and physicians dealing with scar management in plastic surgery, dermatology, surgery and oncology, as well as to nurses and general practitioners
Elucidating The Role Of Tissue Mechanics In Wound Repair And Regeneration
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Author : Heather Elizabeth Talbott
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022
Elucidating The Role Of Tissue Mechanics In Wound Repair And Regeneration written by Heather Elizabeth Talbott and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with categories.
Wound healing problems affect hundreds of millions of individuals worldwide. Scarring is one of the most common issues in wound healing: any postnatal injury involving the dermis will result in some degree of fibrotic scar formation. Scar tissue differs from unwounded skin in multiple critical ways, including lacking skin's appendages (such as hair follicles and glands) and possessing decreased strength and elasticity compared to skin, due to scars' abnormal tissue ultrastructure. The ideal healing outcome would be wound repair via regeneration of normal tissue; however, no targeted therapies currently exist that can prevent or reverse scarring to yield regenerative wound healing. Therapeutic advancements have been limited, in part, by a lack of understanding of the precise molecular mechanisms that drive scarring versus those that could promote regeneration. In recent years, both basic and translational studies have illuminated a potential role for tissue mechanics in driving fibrosis. Mechanical forces at the tissue level are communicated into molecular changes at the cellular level via cell mechanotransduction signaling. Fibroblasts, the end cellular mediators of fibrosis, are particularly mechanosensitive cells, and it has been shown that mechanical stimuli and activated mechanotransduction signaling drive pro-fibrotic changes in fibroblasts. This dissertation explores, through the lenses of multiple distinct cellular and molecular pathways, how mechanically-targeted approaches may be able to block scarring and instead drive regenerative healing of mammalian wounds. The Introduction surveys existing knowledge and literature in key background topics, including wound repair, fibroblast biology and heterogeneity, and the roles of tissue mechanics and mechanotransduction in fibrosis. Part I of the Introduction reviews clinical issues in wound healing, including the clinical burden of scarring and fibrosis, to contextualize the need for novel anti-scarring therapies. Part II discusses basic science research into fibroblasts and fibrosis. Fibroblasts are a highly heterogeneous and plastic cell type; this section provides an overview of fibroblast subpopulations identified in the skin and other organs and their distinct roles in fibrosis and other physiologic and pathologic processes. Finally, Part III examines current knowledge of the role(s) of tissue mechanics in driving fibrosis and the cell populations and molecular signaling pathways involved in the mechanically-driven scarring response. Chapter I presents a study in which, through targeted mechanomodulation in postnatal dermal fibroblasts, complete, drug-induced wound regeneration was achieved for the first time in adult mouse wounds. Engrailed-1 lineage-positive fibroblasts (EPFs) are known to mediate dorsal scarring in mice; however, it was not previously known whether or how Engrailed-1 lineage-negative fibroblasts (ENFs) might contribute to postnatal wound repair. Using multiple in vivo and in vitro approaches, we show that ENFs activate Engrailed-1 expression and thereby convert into pro-fibrotic, postnatally-derived EPFs in response to mechanical forces in the wound environment, via a process of canonical mechanotransduction requiring Yes-associated protein (YAP). Next, we demonstrate that YAP inhibition, via either verteporfin (small molecule YAP inhibitor) treatment or fibroblast-targeted transgenic YAP knockout, blocks postnatal Engrailed-1 activation and ENF-to-EPF conversion and yields ENF-mediated, regenerative wound repair without scarring. These findings suggest that postnatal mammalian skin is capable of either a fibrotic or a regenerative wound response and the balance between these outcomes can be shifted by modulating YAP signaling. Chapter II presents a study wherein an integrated, multi-omic analytic approach is used to reveal divergent mechanisms of regenerative versus fibrotic wound repair. We use single-cell RNA-sequencing, timsTOF high-throughput shotgun proteomic sequencing, and a quantitative extracellular matrix ultrastructural analysis to profile both scarring (control) and regenerating (verteporfin-treated) wounds over the course of healing. By integrating these datasets at the single-mouse level, we reveal dynamic molecular trajectories characteristic of scarring and regenerative wound repair; the former is dominated by mechanical and fibrotic signaling, while the latter exhibits activated developmental, including Wnt pathway, signaling. Finally, using in vivo gene knockdown and overexpression, we show that fibroblast Trps1 expression is both necessary (in the context of YAP inhibition) and partially sufficient for wound regeneration. The results of this study represent an in-depth, multimodal analysis of a novel example of mammalian wound regeneration and may serve as a resource for future studies of regenerative versus fibrotic tissue repair. Chapter III presents a study in which our initial findings of YAP inhibition-induced wound regeneration in mice are translated to a rigorous, preclinical, large-animal model (excisional wound healing in red Duroc pigs). As rodent skin and wound healing differ from those of humans in several key ways, including having dramatically different mechanical properties, a critical component of translation is validating mouse findings in more human-like large animal models. Wound healing in red Duroc pigs is considered the gold standard preclinical model for human scarring. Here, we show that a single treatment with verteporfin at the time of wounding is sufficient to significantly reduce scarring and induce regeneration in high-tension red Duroc pig excisional wounds. We perform single-cell RNA-sequencing for the first time on porcine wounds and show that verteporfin-induced wound regeneration involves shifts in fibroblast subpopulation profiles. Further, using transcriptomic analyses of cell differentiation dynamics and in vitro fibroblast mechanomodulation studies, we find that modulation of mechanical stimuli and YAP signaling can shift the balance between putative pro-regenerative versus pro-fibrotic porcine dermal fibroblast subtypes. Finally, we validate our findings of verteporfin-induced wound regeneration in a human skin xenograft model. This study's findings are highly promising for the future translation of verteporfin treatment for clinical applications in preventing scarring. Lastly, Chapter IV presents a study in which wound mechanical forces are shown to activate dermal fibroblasts to a pro-fibrotic scar fibroblast fate. Using multiple in vitro and in vivo models, we show that adipocytes transition into scar-forming fibroblasts in response to wound mechanical forces by activating Piezo mechanosignaling. We elucidate the molecular dynamics of this process by using single-cell RNA-sequencing to show that adipocyte-to-fibroblast conversion proceeds via a "mechanically naïve" fibroblast transcriptional intermediate. Finally, we show that adipocyte-targeted Piezo inhibition prevents adipocytes' transition into fibroblasts and can both prevent (in new wounds) and reverse (in existing scars) wound fibrosis to yield skin regeneration. Piezo inhibition was also found to prevent human fibroblast-mediated scarring in a human skin xenograft model. These results demonstrate the critical role of adipocyte-to-fibroblast conversion in scarring and highlight a novel mechanism by which tissue mechanics drive adipocytes' contributions to fibrosis, which may represent a new therapeutic target for not only preventing but also reversing existing scarring.
Indwelling Neural Implants
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Author : William M. Reichert
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2007-12-17
Indwelling Neural Implants written by William M. Reichert and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-12-17 with Medical categories.
Despite enormous advances made in the development of external effector prosthetics over the last quarter century, significant questions remain, especially those concerning signal degradation that occurs with chronically implanted neuroelectrodes. Offering contributions from pioneering researchers in neuroprosthetics and tissue repair, Indwel
Bioengineering In Wound Healing A Systems Approach
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Author : Yarmush Martin L
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2017-03-24
Bioengineering In Wound Healing A Systems Approach written by Yarmush Martin L and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-03-24 with Technology & Engineering categories.
What is a wound, how does it heal, and how can we prevent scarring? The concept of wound healing has puzzled humans even before the advent of modern medicine. In recent years, bioengineering has tackled the problems of cancer, tissue engineering and molecular manufacturing. The broad spectrum of technologies developed in these fields could potentially transform the wound care practice. However, entering the world of wound healing research is challenging — a broad spectrum of knowledge is required to understand wounds and improve healing. This book provides an essential introduction of the field of wound healing to bioengineers and scientists outside the field of medicine. Written by leading researchers from various fields, this book is a comprehensive primer that gives readers a holistic understanding of the field of wound biology, diagnostics and treatment technologies. Contents:Scarless Tissue Regeneration (Alexander Golberg)Anatomy of the Human Skin and Wound Healing (Amit Sharma, Labib R Zakka and Martin C Mihm Jr)Deprived and Enriched Environments: How Sensory Stimulation Affects Wound Healing (Jonathan G Fricchione and John B Levine)Models of Ischemic and Vascular Wounds (Michael T Watkins and Hassan Albadawi)Developmental Biology of Skin Wound Healing: On Pathways and Genes Controlling Regeneration Versus Scarring (Sarah Susan Kelangi and Marianna Bei)Nutrition, Metabolism, and Wound Healing Process (Yong-Ming Yu and Alan J Fischman)Polarization Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography for Imaging of Wound Repair (Martin Villiger and Brett E Bouma)Functional Imaging of Wound Metabolism (Jake Jones, Vasily Belov and Kyle P Quinn)Functional Skin Substitutes — The Intersection of Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials (Kevin Dooley, Julie Devalliere and Basak Uygun)Biomaterial-Based Systems for Pharmacologic Treatment of Wound Repair (Mara A Pop, Julia B Sun and Benjamin D Almquist)Laser Tissue Welding in Wound Healing and Surgical Repair (Russell Urie, Tanner Flake and Kaushal Rege)Bioprinting for Wound Healing Applications (Aleksander Skardal, Sean Murphy, Anthony Atala and Shay Soker)Electroporation Applications in Wound Healing (Laure Gibot, Tadej Kotnik and Alexander Golberg) Readership: Bioengineers, scientists, researchers and graduate students outside the field of medicine.
Wound Repair And Regeneration
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Author : Sadanori Akita
language : en
Publisher: MDPI
Release Date : 2020-12-02
Wound Repair And Regeneration written by Sadanori Akita and has been published by MDPI this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-12-02 with Science categories.
Wound healing plays an integral part of cellular and molecular events. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a lipid mediator that promotes angiogenesis and cell proliferation and attracts immune cells. S1P plays a role in skin wound healing by altering the expression of its biogenic enzyme, sphingosine kinase-1 (SphK1). SphK1 overexpression also leads to less scarring through transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and S1P receptor-2 (S1PR2). IFN-γ might be involved in the proliferation and maturation stages of wound healing through the regulation of neutrophilic inflammatory responses in IFN--deficient (KO) mice. Topical recombinant human (rh)-growth hormone (GH) accelerated pressure ulcer (PU) healing in non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient mice engrafted with a full-thickness human skin graft model. Matrisome properties of scaffolds that direct fibroblasts in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and liver regeneration are enhanced by hepatocyte-derived angiogenesis via B-cell CLL/lymphoma/nuclear factor-kappa B signaling. Mechanisms of autologous adipose-derived stem cells in some patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), treated by highly active antiretroviral therapy, are elucidated. The cloning and identification of thymosin (Pa-THYs) from Periplaneta americana, the American cockroach, suggest that this molecule could be a potential drug for promoting wound repair. Maresins (MaRs) and macrophages are reviewed, focusing on the potent action of MaRs in the enhancement of M2 macrophage phenotypic profiles to possibly alleviate inflammatory pain.
Fetal Wound Healing
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Author : N. Scott Adzick
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier Publishing Company
Release Date : 1992
Fetal Wound Healing written by N. Scott Adzick and has been published by Elsevier Publishing Company this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with Medical categories.
The ability of foetal tissue to heal without scarring is now well documented, but the potentially far-reaching implications of this process for the practice of surgery and the management of healing are just beginning to be understood. This book provides up-to-date information on the subject.
The Molecular And Cellular Mechanisms Of Inflammation And Tissue Regeneration
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Author : Krisztina Nikovics
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2023
The Molecular And Cellular Mechanisms Of Inflammation And Tissue Regeneration written by Krisztina Nikovics and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023 with Inflammation categories.
Wound healing has three overlapping steps: 1. coagulation and inflammation, 2. the proliferation and formation of new tissue, and 3. tissue remodeling. The initial phase of acute wound healing is the coagulation and the formation of a temporary wound matrix. This phase begins immediately after the injury and is completed within a few hours. Inflammation is crucial to the clean-up-repair process. Early inhibition of inflammation can hinder regeneration processes. Inflammation is associated with the activation of the innate immune system. At the site of inflammation, neutrophils appear first, followed by monocytes, which may differentiate into macrophages. The main function of macrophages and immune cells is to remove cell debris and microorganisms. These cells, in addition to the functions mentioned below, play an essential role in preparing the next phase by coordinating cellular processes. The second phase starts with the division of the cells. This process allows damaged and lost structures to be replaced. Granulation tissue formed by the extracellular matrix (ECM) and new blood vessels generated by angiogenesis fills the lesion. This process usually takes 2-10 days. In the final phase, the blood vessels regress, the inflammation resolves, and the granulation tissue becomes functional tissue. In this phase, the ECM transforms from a temporary ECM to a permanent collagen matrix. This phase starts 2-3 weeks after injury and can last for years if tissue regeneration is inadequate.
Tissue Repair And Fibrosis
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Author : Alexis Desmouliere
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Tissue Repair And Fibrosis written by Alexis Desmouliere and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Medical categories.
With contributions by numerous experts