Central And Local Finance In China
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Central And Local Finance In China
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Author : Chʻüan-shih Li
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1922
Central And Local Finance In China written by Chʻüan-shih Li and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1922 with China categories.
Central And Local Finance In China A Study Of The Fiscal Relations Between The Central The Provincial And The Local Governments
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Author : Chüan-Shih Li
language : en
Publisher: Theclassics.Us
Release Date : 2013-09
Central And Local Finance In China A Study Of The Fiscal Relations Between The Central The Provincial And The Local Governments written by Chüan-Shih Li and has been published by Theclassics.Us this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-09 with categories.
This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can usually download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1922 edition. Excerpt: ...of the prefect, and all loans for over 30 years (or their amount exceeding 1,000,000 francs) must be approved by decrees of the President issued in the Council of State. All lottery loans, departmental or communal, must be authorized by a special law.1 During the World War, short-term bonds were resorted to by the departments and the communes as a result of the shortage of revenue. This process of raising revenue was sanctioned by the central government through a ministerial decree and through the final ratification by Parliament in 1915. The law was still effective in 1920. The emission must first be approved by the Council of State.2 Central and Local Finance in Japan. Japan is one of the countries which have adopted the French system of local administration. Hers is just as centralized and bureaucratic as the French. Although during the earlier days, Japan's administrative system was modeled after that of China, her system of local administration resembles the French more than the Chinese, for Japan has always made theory and practice coincide, which is usually not the case in China. Japan up to Dec. 31st, 1918 was territorially and administratively divided as follows.3 1 Allix, op. cit., pp. 838-839. 2 Allix, op. cit., p. 839. 3 The Twentieth Financial and Economic Annual of Japan, 1920, p. 2. All the administrative and executive officials from the mayor of the city up are appointed by the emperor. The towns and villages have elective assemblies by which the mayor and other officials are chosen. In 1880, the promise of prefectural assemblies was fulfilled, but they do not possess absolute control of their local affairs--in fact, they are not entirely independent of the central government; in all cases the financial ratification rests...
Central And Local Finance In China
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Author : Chuan Shih Li
language : en
Publisher: New York : Columbia university
Release Date : 1922
Central And Local Finance In China written by Chuan Shih Li and has been published by New York : Columbia university this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1922 with Business & Economics categories.
Central And Local Finance In China
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Author : Chuan Shih Li
language : en
Publisher: Forgotten Books
Release Date : 2016-12-29
Central And Local Finance In China written by Chuan Shih Li and has been published by Forgotten Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-12-29 with Reference categories.
Excerpt from Central and Local Finance in China: A Study of the Fiscal Relations Between the Central, the Provincial, and the Local Governments Influenced by the wave of political democracy of the Occident, China is now in the throes of agitation for pro vincial and local self-government, which is virtually nu attainable without separation of the sources of revenue be tween the Central and the Provincial Governments on the one hand and between the Provincial and the Local Governments on the other. This monograph is the author's humble attempt to solve this urgent politico - fiscal problem which has been absorbing the attention of his conscientious compatriots during the last decade or two. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Central Local Finance In Chi
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Author : Chuan Shih 1895 Li
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016-09-10
Central Local Finance In Chi written by Chuan Shih 1895 Li and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-09-10 with History categories.
Central And Local Finance In China A Study Of The Fiscal Relations Between The Central The Provincial And The Local Governments Volume Xcix Number 2 Whole Number 226
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Author : Chuan Shih Li
language : en
Publisher: Trieste Publishing
Release Date : 2017-08-18
Central And Local Finance In China A Study Of The Fiscal Relations Between The Central The Provincial And The Local Governments Volume Xcix Number 2 Whole Number 226 written by Chuan Shih Li and has been published by Trieste Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-08-18 with History categories.
Trieste Publishing has a massive catalogue of classic book titles. Our aim is to provide readers with the highest quality reproductions of fiction and non-fiction literature that has stood the test of time. The many thousands of books in our collection have been sourced from libraries and private collections around the world.The titles that Trieste Publishing has chosen to be part of the collection have been scanned to simulate the original. Our readers see the books the same way that their first readers did decades or a hundred or more years ago. Books from that period are often spoiled by imperfections that did not exist in the original. Imperfections could be in the form of blurred text, photographs, or missing pages. It is highly unlikely that this would occur with one of our books. Our extensive quality control ensures that the readers of Trieste Publishing's books will be delighted with their purchase. Our staff has thoroughly reviewed every page of all the books in the collection, repairing, or if necessary, rejecting titles that are not of the highest quality. This process ensures that the reader of one of Trieste Publishing's titles receives a volume that faithfully reproduces the original, and to the maximum degree possible, gives them the experience of owning the original work.We pride ourselves on not only creating a pathway to an extensive reservoir of books of the finest quality, but also providing value to every one of our readers. Generally, Trieste books are purchased singly - on demand, however they may also be purchased in bulk. Readers interested in bulk purchases are invited to contact us directly to enquire about our tailored bulk rates.
Central And Local Finance In China
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Author : Alzada Comstock
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1921
Central And Local Finance In China written by Alzada Comstock and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1921 with Agriculture categories.
Money Matters
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Author : Asian Development Bank
language : en
Publisher: Asian Development Bank
Release Date : 2014-12-01
Money Matters written by Asian Development Bank and has been published by Asian Development Bank this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-12-01 with Political Science categories.
The Third Plenum of the 18 th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in November reinforced the importance of public finance reform. Drawing on recent technical assistance from the Asian Development Bank (ADB), special reports, and the work of ADB staff, the publication offers observation and suggestion on how to pursue public finance reform. The publication also outlines practical actions that can be taken to improve budgeting, taxation, and the system of fiscal decentralization in the People's Republic of China. Special attention is given to the management of local government debt, the most pressing fiscal issue facing the People's Republic of China. The potential contribution of public-private partnerships is also introduced.
Central And Local Finance In China
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Author : Chuan Shih Li
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1922
Central And Local Finance In China written by Chuan Shih Li and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1922 with China categories.
China S Local Public Finance In Transition
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Author : Joyce Y. Man
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014-05-14
China S Local Public Finance In Transition written by Joyce Y. Man and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-05-14 with BUSINESS & ECONOMICS categories.
China's economy has developed rapidly following the 1978 implementation of economic reforms that facilitated investment, expanded trade, and introduced market mechanisms and practices. However, reforms of China's public finances have proceeded more slowly and with less publicity. The major reform (a tax sharing system) implemented in 1994 shifted a large share of fiscal revenues from local governments to the central government, but did not substantially reassign expenditure responsibilities back to the center. Following the 1994 reform, local governments had 46 percent of revenues but responsibility for 77 percent of public expenditures. This revenue shortfall motivated local governments to exploit new sources, and revenue from the conversion of land from rural to urban use has been one of the most important extra-budgetary sources. Conversion involves compensating farmers for their land based on its agricultural use value, and then converting the land to urban use and selling it for development at a much higher value. The difference in land values accrues to the local government. The revenue from land sales has been a major source of funding for investment in infrastructure capital, often required to provide services to the newly converted urban land. In areas where urban land is in short supply revenues have been significant, and the incentive to produce more revenue has led to excessive land conversions. This practice has created low-density development in the periphery of some metropolitan areas while leaving large areas of urbanized land undeveloped. Three major policy options explored in this volume can address the underlying imbalance between revenues and expenditures at the local level in China: (1) institute new sources of local revenue, such as a property tax; (2) reform and enhance revenue transfers from the central government to local governments, a promising approach that could also address cross-provincial disparities; and (3) revisit the assignment of expenditure responsibilities from local governments to the central government to align revenues and expenditures at the same level. The end result is likely to be a mix of all three options as part of an incremental reform. This book presents the proceedings of a conference cosponsored by the Lincoln Institute and the Peking University-Lincoln Institute Center for Urban Development and Land Policy in May 2008, plus two additional chapters. It will be a valuable resource for government officials, public finance practitioners, academic researchers, university faculty and students, and others concerned with government tax and expenditure policies and practices in China. This volume will be translated into Chinese and published in association with the Peking-Lincoln Center in Beijing.