Characterization Of Novel Amyloid Beta Peptide A Beta Binding Ligands
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Characterization Of Novel Amyloid Beta Peptide A Beta Binding Ligands
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Author : Silke Dornieden
language : en
Publisher: Forschungszentrum Jülich
Release Date : 2012
Characterization Of Novel Amyloid Beta Peptide A Beta Binding Ligands written by Silke Dornieden and has been published by Forschungszentrum Jülich this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
Characterization Of Toxic Abeta Oligomers Addls Amyloid Beta Derived Diffusible Ligands
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Author : Brett A. Chromy
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2001
Characterization Of Toxic Abeta Oligomers Addls Amyloid Beta Derived Diffusible Ligands written by Brett A. Chromy and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with categories.
Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that afflicts over 25 million people worldwide and currently has no cure. The amyloid beta peptide (Abeta) is believed to be causative in the disease, but the exact form of the peptide responsible is unknown. The prevailing theory for Abeta toxicity is that innocuous monomer must reorganize into larger structures and form fibrils in order to be toxic. Recently, pre-fibrillar forms of the peptide have been discovered and are gaining in prominence as possible critical toxic structural species. We have discovered one of these pre-fibrillar forms of amyloid beta and have named them, ADDLs (Amyloid-beta-derived diffusible ligands). These structures are individual, globular, oligomeric species and are structurally distinct from other pre-fibrillar structures, such as rings, protofibrils, or micelles. We have designed several polyclonal antibodies to investigate these oligomers. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and gel electrophoresis techniques have established the structure of the molecules. ADDLs have been demonstrated to block LTP, a model for learning and memory. It may be through this process that ADDLs exert their effect on the human brain and elicit the symptoms of AD. Moreover, the LTP and toxic effects of ADDLs are dependent upon the presence of Fyn, a Src-family tyrosine kinase, shown to be upregulated in AD. We have generated Fyn containing cell lines to examine the effects of Fyn more closely. Fyn has also been shown to phosphorylate tau, which is the main component of the other 'hallmark' of AD, the presence of paired helical filaments (PHFs) inside neurons of AD-afflicted brains. Although ADDLs have not been shown to conclusively elicit apoptosis, we have shown that perturbations in the microtubule network induce neuronal apoptosis through an unknown tyrosine kinase, possibly involving the Fyn-dependent signal transduction mechanism used by ADDLs. Apoptosis may play a role in how neurons die in AD, and disruption of the microtubule system through protein tyrosine phosphorylation may play a role in the apoptosis. ADDLs, Fyn, and protein tyrosine phosphorylation may represent central aspects of the cause of AD and further examination of these topics may eventually lead to a cure for this devastating disease.
Mechanisms Of Cell Toxicity
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Author : E. Edward Bittar
language : en
Publisher: JAI Press(NY)
Release Date : 1997
Mechanisms Of Cell Toxicity written by E. Edward Bittar and has been published by JAI Press(NY) this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with Cell-mediated cytotoxicity categories.
Cellular toxicology has entered a new era. No longer are we concerned only with necrotic cell death produced by severe, acute insult (often to multiple intracellular targets) leading to disruption of the cell membrane. New advances in molecular and cellular biology are allowing the dissection of mechanisms of cell death involving more subtle targets within the cell. Toxicology has been very important, not only in understanding the mechanisms, nature, and severity of toxicity and thereby helping in risk assessment, but toxicology has also played a very important role in helping to understand basic biological processes. Historically this has perhaps been most evident in the use of toxic agents to interfere with specific reactions in the body and hence help to dissect out the mechanisms of metabolic processes. For example, the use of chemical inhibitors was very important in understanding the process of oxidative phosphorylation, or the tricarboxylic acid cycle. More recent examples are seen herein where toxicology interfaces with, for example structural biology in the study of the cytoskeletal components and their interactions. Indirectly, an understanding of the mechanisms of endogenous protective systems also improves knowledge of basic cell biology. Toxic insult and manipulation of cell signalling and control mechanisms in cell growth and differentation also highlight how important the discipline of cell toxicity has been and will continue to be a major contributor to our understanding of basic issues in the biological and biomedical sciences. This book offers selected reviews of some of the principal molecular mechanisms of cell toxicity.
Magnesium In The Central Nervous System
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Author : Robert Vink
language : en
Publisher: University of Adelaide Press
Release Date : 2011
Magnesium In The Central Nervous System written by Robert Vink and has been published by University of Adelaide Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Medical categories.
The brain is the most complex organ in our body. Indeed, it is perhaps the most complex structure we have ever encountered in nature. Both structurally and functionally, there are many peculiarities that differentiate the brain from all other organs. The brain is our connection to the world around us and by governing nervous system and higher function, any disturbance induces severe neurological and psychiatric disorders that can have a devastating effect on quality of life. Our understanding of the physiology and biochemistry of the brain has improved dramatically in the last two decades. In particular, the critical role of cations, including magnesium, has become evident, even if incompletely understood at a mechanistic level. The exact role and regulation of magnesium, in particular, remains elusive, largely because intracellular levels are so difficult to routinely quantify. Nonetheless, the importance of magnesium to normal central nervous system activity is self-evident given the complicated homeostatic mechanisms that maintain the concentration of this cation within strict limits essential for normal physiology and metabolism. There is also considerable accumulating evidence to suggest alterations to some brain functions in both normal and pathological conditions may be linked to alterations in local magnesium concentration. This book, containing chapters written by some of the foremost experts in the field of magnesium research, brings together the latest in experimental and clinical magnesium research as it relates to the central nervous system. It offers a complete and updated view of magnesiums involvement in central nervous system function and in so doing, brings together two main pillars of contemporary neuroscience research, namely providing an explanation for the molecular mechanisms involved in brain function, and emphasizing the connections between the molecular changes and behavior. It is the untiring efforts of those magnesium researchers who have dedicated their lives to unraveling the mysteries of magnesiums role in biological systems that has inspired the collation of this volume of work.
Handbook Of Neurochemistry And Molecular Neurobiology
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Author : Abel Lajtha
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2008-06-06
Handbook Of Neurochemistry And Molecular Neurobiology written by Abel Lajtha and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-06-06 with Medical categories.
The nervous system is highly fragile, especially during aging, illness and trauma. This book addresses a small sampling of major constituents of neural function at the cellular and molecular level that play crucial roles in development and aging.
Rapid Development Of Small Molecule Producing Microorganisms Based On Metabolite Sensors
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Author : Stephan Binder
language : en
Publisher: Forschungszentrum Jülich
Release Date : 2013
Rapid Development Of Small Molecule Producing Microorganisms Based On Metabolite Sensors written by Stephan Binder and has been published by Forschungszentrum Jülich this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
Apolipoprotein E And Alzheimer S Disease
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Author : A.D. Roses
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Apolipoprotein E And Alzheimer S Disease written by A.D. Roses and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Medical categories.
There is now considerable genetic evidence that the type 4 allele of the apolipoprotein E gene is a major susceptibility factor associated with late-onset Alzheimer's disease, the common form of the disease defined as starting after sixty years of age. The role of apolipoprotein E in normal brain metabolism and in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease are new and exciting avenues of research. This book, written by the most outstanding scientists in this new filed, is the first presentation of results concerning the implications of apolipoprotein E on the genetics, cell biology, neuropathology, biochemistry, and therapeutic management of Alzheimer's disease.
Amyloid Proteins
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Author : Einar M. Sigurdsson
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2008-02-02
Amyloid Proteins written by Einar M. Sigurdsson and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-02-02 with Science categories.
A proven collection of readily reproducible techniques for studying amyloid proteins and their involvement in the etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapy of amyloid diseases. The contributors provide methods for the preparation of amyloid and its precursors (oligomers and protofibrils), in vitro assays and analytical techniques for their study, and cell culture models and assays for the production of amyloid proteins. Additional chapters present readily reproducible techniques for amyloid extraction from tissue, its detection in vitro and in vivo, as well as nontransgenic methods for developing amyloid mouse models. The protocols follow the successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, each offering step-by-step laboratory instructions, an introduction outlining the principle behind the technique, lists of the necessary equipment and reagents, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.
Animal Models Of Cognitive Impairment
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Author : Edward D. Levin
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2006-06-22
Animal Models Of Cognitive Impairment written by Edward D. Levin and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-06-22 with Medical categories.
The costs associated with a drug's clinical trials are so significant that it has become necessary to validate both its safety and efficacy in animal models prior to the continued study of the drug in humans. Featuring contributions from distinguished researchers in the field of cognitive therapy research, Animal Models of Cognitive Impairmen
Bio Nanoimaging
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Author : Vladimir N Uversky
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2013-11-05
Bio Nanoimaging written by Vladimir N Uversky and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-05 with Science categories.
Bio-Nanoimaging: Protein Misfolding & Aggregation provides a unique introduction to both novel and established nanoimaging techniques for visualization and characterization of misfolded and aggregated protein species. The book is divided into three sections covering: - Nanotechnology and nanoimaging technology, including cryoelectron microscopy of beta(2)-microglobulin, studying amyloidogensis by FRET; and scanning tunneling microscopy of protein deposits - Polymorphisms of protein misfolded and aggregated species, including fibrillar polymorphism, amyloid-like protofibrils, and insulin oligomers - Polymorphisms of misfolding and aggregation processes, including multiple pathways of lysozyme aggregation, misfolded intermediate of a PDZ domain, and micelle formation by human islet amyloid polypeptide Protein misfolding and aggregation is a fast-growing frontier in molecular medicine and protein chemistry. Related disorders include cataracts, arthritis, cystic fibrosis, late-onset diabetes mellitus, and numerous neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. Nanoimaging technology has proved crucial in understanding protein-misfolding pathologies and in potential drug design aimed at the inhibition or reversal of protein aggregation. Using these technologies, researchers can monitor the aggregation process, visualize protein aggregates and analyze their properties. Provides practical examples of nanoimaging research from leading molecular biology, cell biology, protein chemistry, biotechnology, genetics, and pharmaceutical labs Includes over 200 color images to illustrate the power of various nanoimaging technologies Focuses on nanoimaging techniques applied to protein misfolding and aggregation in molecular medicine