Characterization Treatment And Conditioning Of Radioactive Graphite From Decommissioning Of Nuclear Reactors
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Characterization Treatment And Conditioning Of Radioactive Graphite From Decommissioning Of Nuclear Reactors
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Author : International Atomic Energy Agency
language : en
Publisher: IAEA
Release Date : 2006
Characterization Treatment And Conditioning Of Radioactive Graphite From Decommissioning Of Nuclear Reactors written by International Atomic Energy Agency and has been published by IAEA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Business & Economics categories.
Graphite has been used as a moderator and reflector of neutrons in more than 100nuclear power plants and in many research and plutonium-production reactors. It is usedprimarily as a neutron reflector or neutron moderator, although graphite is also used for other features of reactor cores, such as fuel sleeves. Many of the graphite-moderated reactors are now quite old, with some already shutdown. Therefore radioactive graphite dismantling and the management of radioactive graphite waste are becoming an increasingly important issue for a number of IAEA Member States. This report provides a comprehensive discussion of radioactive graphite waste characterization, handling, conditioning and disposal throughout the operating and decommissioning life cycle.
Radiological Characterization Of Shut Down Nuclear Reactors For Decommissioning Purposes
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Author : International Atomic Energy Agency
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1998
Radiological Characterization Of Shut Down Nuclear Reactors For Decommissioning Purposes written by International Atomic Energy Agency and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with Business & Economics categories.
This report describes and assesses radiological characterization as a precursor to decommissioning. It shows the influence of the radioactive inventory on the planning and strategies of decommissioning and also presents an extensive overview of characterization results on various reactors which have been or are being decommissioned.
Processing Of Irradiated Graphite To Meet Acceptance Criteria For Waste Disposal
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Author : International Atomic Energy Agency
language : en
Publisher: IAEA Tecdoc Series No. 1790
Release Date : 2016
Processing Of Irradiated Graphite To Meet Acceptance Criteria For Waste Disposal written by International Atomic Energy Agency and has been published by IAEA Tecdoc Series No. 1790 this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Graphite is widely used in the nuclear industry and in research facilities and this has led to increasing amounts of irradiated graphite residing in temporary storage facilities pending disposal. This publication arises from a coordinated research project (CRP) on the processing of irradiated graphite to meet acceptance criteria for waste disposal.
Progress In Radioactive Graphite Waste Management
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Author : International Atomic Energy Agency
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Progress In Radioactive Graphite Waste Management written by International Atomic Energy Agency and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Gas cooled reactors categories.
This is the proceedings of an international conference on progress and solutions for radioactive graphite waste management. The main objectives of the meeting were to promote exchange of information among IAEA Member States? representatives and to discuss new trends and innovative developments in the management of radioactive graphite. These developments will have an impact on new graphite-moderated reactor systems as well as on new reactor programmes in the 21st century, where design for decommissioning is very important. In the summary the reader will find evaluations of the relative merits of various options.
Strategy And Methodology For Radioactive Waste Characterization
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Author : International Atomic Energy Agency
language : en
Publisher: IAEA
Release Date : 2007
Strategy And Methodology For Radioactive Waste Characterization written by International Atomic Energy Agency and has been published by IAEA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Business & Economics categories.
Over the past decade significant progress has been achieved in the development of waste characterization and control procedures and equipment as a direct response to ever-increasing requirements for quality and reliability of information on waste characteristics. Failure in control procedures at any step can have important, adverse consequences and may result in producing waste packages which are not compliant with the waste acceptance criteria for disposal, thereby adversely impacting the repository. The information and guidance included in this publication corresponds to recent achievements and reflects the optimum approaches, thereby reducing the potential for error and enhancing the quality of the end product. -- Publisher's description.
Thermal Analysis
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Author : El-Zeiny Ebeid
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2021-06-23
Thermal Analysis written by El-Zeiny Ebeid and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-06-23 with Science categories.
Thermal Analysis: From Introductory Fundamentals to Advanced Applications presents an easy-to-understand introduction to Thermal Analysis (TA) principles alongside in-depth coverage of the wide variety of techniques currently in use across several industries. It covers differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), temperature modulated DSC (TMDSC), differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermogravimetry (TG) or thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), thermomechanical analysis (TMA), differential photo-calorimetry (DPC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), thermodilatometry (TD), dielectric thermal analysis (DEA), thermally-stimulated current (TSC), emanation thermal analysis (ETA), thermoluminescence (TL), fast scanning calorimetry (FSC), and microcalorimetry. Chapters define the various TA techniques, report the Temperature-Modulated DSC (TMDSC) method and its applications, especially its use for studying the thermodynamic properties of polymers and pharmaceuticals, focus on the potential of TA in materials science with applications in chemistry and engineering, demonstrate, in detail, the various applications of TA in food, electronic industries, solid-state reactions, chemistry of polymers and large directing agents, kinetic studies, demonstrate the crystal structure and phase changes occurring upon heating by TA, and the potential of TA in recycling and waste management. Gives a solid introduction to the scientific principles of TA for those who are new to these techniques or need a deeper understanding Illustrates concepts with more than 100 schematic and analysis curves, several flow charts, process diagrams and photographs Contains chapters that cover the user of TA in materials science and crystal structures
Cementitious Materials For Nuclear Waste Immobilization
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Author : Rehab O. Abdel Rahman
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2014-08-28
Cementitious Materials For Nuclear Waste Immobilization written by Rehab O. Abdel Rahman and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-08-28 with Science categories.
Cementitious materials are an essential part in any radioactive waste disposal facility. Conditioning processes such as cementation are used to convert waste into a stable solid form that is insoluble and will prevent dispersion to the surrounding environment. It is incredibly important to understand the long-term behavior of these materials. This book summarises approaches and current practices in use of cementitious materials for nuclear waste immobilisation. It gives a unique description of the most important aspects of cements as nuclear waste forms: starting with a description of wastes, analyzing the cementitious systems used for immobilization and describing the technologies used, and ending with analysis of cementitious waste forms and their long term behavior in an envisaged disposal environment. Extensive research has been devoted to study the feasibility of using cement or cement based materials in immobilizing and solidifying different radioactive wastes. However, these research results are scattered. This work provides the reader with both the science and technology of the immobilization process, and the cementitious materials used to immobilize nuclear waste. It summarizes current knowledge in the field, and highlights important areas that need more investigation. The chapters include: Introduction, Portland cement, Alternative cements, Cement characterization and testing, Radioactive waste cementation, Waste cementation technology, Cementitious wasteform durability and performance assessment.
Nuclear Decommissioning
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Author : Michele Laraia
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2012-02-21
Nuclear Decommissioning written by Michele Laraia and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-02-21 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Once a nuclear installation has reached the end of its safe and economical operational lifetime, the need for its decommissioning arises. Different strategies can be employed for nuclear decommissioning, based on the evaluation of particular hazards and their attendant risks, as well as on the analysis of costs of clean-up and waste management. This allows for decommissioning either soon after permanent shutdown, or perhaps a long time later, the latter course allowing for radioactivity levels to drop in any activated or contaminated components. It is crucial for clear processes and best practices to be applied in decommissioning such installations and sites, particular where any significant health and environmental risks exist. This book critically reviews the nuclear decommissioning processes and technologies applicable to nuclear power plants and other civilian nuclear facilities. Part one focuses on the fundamental planning issues in starting a nuclear decommissioning process, from principles and safety regulations, to financing and project management. Part two covers the execution phase of nuclear decommissioning projects, detailing processes and technologies such as dismantling, decontamination, and radioactive waste management, as well as environmental remediation, site clearance and reuse. Finally, part three details international experience in the decommissioning of nuclear applications, including the main nuclear reactor types and nuclear fuel cycle facilities, as well as small nuclear facilities and legacy nuclear waste sites. Critically reviews nuclear decommissioning processes and technologies applicable to nuclear power plants and other civilian nuclear facilities Discusses the fundamental planning issues in starting a nuclear decommissioning process Considers the execution phase of nuclear decommissioning projects, including dismantling, decontamination, and radioactive waste management, as well as environmental remediation, site clearance and reuse
Comprehensive Nuclear Materials
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2020-07-22
Comprehensive Nuclear Materials written by and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-07-22 with Science categories.
Materials in a nuclear environment are exposed to extreme conditions of radiation, temperature and/or corrosion, and in many cases the combination of these makes the material behavior very different from conventional materials. This is evident for the four major technological challenges the nuclear technology domain is facing currently: (i) long-term operation of existing Generation II nuclear power plants, (ii) the design of the next generation reactors (Generation IV), (iii) the construction of the ITER fusion reactor in Cadarache (France), (iv) and the intermediate and final disposal of nuclear waste. In order to address these challenges, engineers and designers need to know the properties of a wide variety of materials under these conditions and to understand the underlying processes affecting changes in their behavior, in order to assess their performance and to determine the limits of operation. Comprehensive Nuclear Materials, Second Edition, Seven Volume Set provides broad ranging, validated summaries of all the major topics in the field of nuclear material research for fission as well as fusion reactor systems. Attention is given to the fundamental scientific aspects of nuclear materials: fuel and structural materials for fission reactors, waste materials, and materials for fusion reactors. The articles are written at a level that allows undergraduate students to understand the material, while providing active researchers with a ready reference resource of information. Most of the chapters from the first Edition have been revised and updated and a significant number of new topics are covered in completely new material. During the ten years between the two editions, the challenge for applications of nuclear materials has been significantly impacted by world events, public awareness, and technological innovation. Materials play a key role as enablers of new technologies, and we trust that this new edition of Comprehensive Nuclear Materials has captured the key recent developments. Critically reviews the major classes and functions of materials, supporting the selection, assessment, validation and engineering of materials in extreme nuclear environments Comprehensive resource for up-to-date and authoritative information which is not always available elsewhere, even in journals Provides an in-depth treatment of materials modeling and simulation, with a specific focus on nuclear issues Serves as an excellent entry point for students and researchers new to the field
Decommissioning Techniques For Research Reactors
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Author : International Atomic Energy Agency
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1994
Decommissioning Techniques For Research Reactors written by International Atomic Energy Agency and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994 with Business & Economics categories.
This is the first report published by the IAEA which provides guidance on the preparation and implementation of the decommissioning of different types of research reactor. Different construction and operational features of research reactors have a major impact on the decommissioning techniques required. This report offers information on the conclusions drawn from a number of completed projects and identifies their similarities and differences. It is complemented by a computerized research reactor databank. Staff requirements, decommissioning costs waste activity are presented graphically according to reactor thermal power and integrated energy.