Characterizing The Inhibition Of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps By Candida Albicans Biofilms
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Characterizing The Inhibition Of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps By Candida Albicans Biofilms
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Author : John Franz Kernien
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2023
Characterizing The Inhibition Of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps By Candida Albicans Biofilms written by John Franz Kernien and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023 with categories.
Candida albicans is a frequent hospital-acquired fungal pathogen and cause of invasive candidiasis. When grown on surfaces like implanted medical devices as a biofilm, Candida is surrounded by a protective extracellular matrix, and resistant to host defenses and antifungal drugs. Neutrophils are the primary responder to fungal infections, including candidiasis. One host defense resisted by Candida biofilms are neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs consist of web-like nuclear DNA with antimicrobial proteins released to stimuli like large or aggregated pathogens. NET release entraps these pathogens, which are then killed and prevented from disseminating. The elongated hyphae and aggregated nature of C. albicans biofilm suggests NET release would be an effective way to combat this infection. However, previous work demonstrated that C. albicans biofilm inhibits NET release. Here, we examine components of C. albicans biofilm and neutrophils to determine their role in this inhibition of NET release. First, we determined that fungal morphology for biofilm formation does not play a role in inhibiting NET release to C. albicans biofilms. We grew C. albicans biofilms of clinical strains with vastly different filamentation, determining that despite differing morphologies and thickness, biofilms uniformly inhibited NET release. Next, we examined NET release phenotypes of neutrophils from patients with invasive candidiasis to confirm the clinical relevance of NET inhibition by C. albicans biofilm. We found that despite increased baseline and PMA-induced NET release relative to healthy neutrophils, these patient neutrophils released a similar amount of NETs to planktonic C. albicans, and that C. albicans biofilm still inhibited NET release. Finally, we looked at the role of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in inhibiting NET release to C. albicans biofilm, as it inhibits NET release to other stimuli. We found that PGE2 is highly present on the biofilm surface, and that PGE2 inhibitory receptor EP4 plays a role in the inhibition of NET release by C. albicans biofilm. Together, we demonstrate resilience of this inhibition to NET release by biofilms across a variety of morphologies, show the relevance of this phenotype for patients with invasive candidiasis, and illustrate the role of PGE2 as a component of this persistent inhibition.
Role Of Neutrophils In Disease Pathogenesis
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Author : Maitham Khajah
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2017-06-07
Role Of Neutrophils In Disease Pathogenesis written by Maitham Khajah and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-06-07 with Medical categories.
This book highlights the important role of neutrophils in health as well as in the pathogenesis of various diseases. Section 1 provides a general background information regarding the mechanisms and various triggers of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation and their role in various infectious and noninfectious diseases (such as postinjury inflammation). Section 2 provides recent evidence regarding the role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis as well as a therapeutic target for selected disease conditions such as periodontal diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, and cystic fibrosis. Section 3 describes the anti-inflammatory properties of neutrophils with focus regarding their role in graft versus host disease. This book provides a wider picture with regard to the importance of this immune cell type in various diseases with focus on one of its recently discovered properties, NETs. Therapeutic targets aimed to modulate neutrophil functions might provide novel approaches in the treatment of various diseases of infectious and noninfectious origin.
Gram Positive Pathogens
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Author : Vincent A. Fischetti
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2000
Gram Positive Pathogens written by Vincent A. Fischetti and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Bacterial vaccines categories.
This book is the only single volume to deal with all aspects of gram–positive pathogens. It addresses the mechanisms of gram–positive bacterial pathogenicity, including the current knowledge on gram–positive structure and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance. Emphasizing streptococci, staphylococci, listeria, and spore–forming pathogens, Gram–Positive Pathogens includes chapters written by many of the leading researchers in these areas. The chapters systematically dissect these organisms biologically, genetically, and immunologically in an attempt to understand the strategies used by these bacteria to cause human disease.
Candida Biofilms
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Author : Juliana Campos Junqueira
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2023-02-03
Candida Biofilms written by Juliana Campos Junqueira and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-02-03 with Science categories.
Candida And Candidiasis
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Author : Richard A. Calderone
language : en
Publisher: American Society for Microbiology Press
Release Date : 2011-12-07
Candida And Candidiasis written by Richard A. Calderone and has been published by American Society for Microbiology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-12-07 with Medical categories.
The underlying mechanisms of Candida and candidiasis and promising new directions in drug discovery and treatment. • Reviews all aspects of this common fungal pathogen and its impact on human health, from the basic biology of Candida albicans to the clinical management of candidiasis. • Reviews the latest basic and clinical research, focusing on findings in genome variability, host-pathogen interactions, antifungal resistance and drug discovery, and diagnostics to foster better understanding and treatment of candidiasis. • Examines recent discoveries that have shed light on morphogenesis and the cell cycle, including how new findings on host responses may have applications for the diagnosis of blood-borne candidiasis.
The Fungal Cell Wall
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Author : Jean-Paul Latgé
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-08-12
The Fungal Cell Wall written by Jean-Paul Latgé and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-08-12 with Science categories.
This book illustrates, that the fungal cell wall is critical for the biology and ecology of all fungi and especially for human fungal pathogens. Readers will learn, that the composition of the fungal cell wall is a unique structure, which cannot be found in the human host. Consequently, the chapters outline, how the immune systems of both animals and humans have evolved to recognize conserved and unique elements of the fungal cell wall. As an application example, the authors also show, that the three-dimensional structures of the cell wall are excellent targets for the development of antifungal agents and chemotherapeutic strategies. With the combination of biological findings and medical outlooks, this volume is a fascinating read for scientists, clinicians and biomedical students.
Bioactive Phytochemicals To Target Quorum Sensing Virulence Factors And Biofilm Formation In Pathogenic Microorganisms
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Author : Palanivel Velmurugan
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2021-12-06
Bioactive Phytochemicals To Target Quorum Sensing Virulence Factors And Biofilm Formation In Pathogenic Microorganisms written by Palanivel Velmurugan and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-12-06 with Science categories.
Immune Interactions With Pathogenic And Commensal Fungi
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Author : Wanqing Liao
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2023-02-03
Immune Interactions With Pathogenic And Commensal Fungi written by Wanqing Liao and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-02-03 with Medical categories.
Fusarium Wilt Of Banana
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Author : Randy C. Ploetz
language : en
Publisher: American Phytopathological Society
Release Date : 1990
Fusarium Wilt Of Banana written by Randy C. Ploetz and has been published by American Phytopathological Society this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with Science categories.
Fusarium wilt of banana: some history and current status of the disease; Importante of fusarium wilt in different banana-growing regions; Taxonomy of fungi in the genus fusarium with emphasis on fusarium oxysporum; Genetic exchange within sexual and asexual populations of the genus fusarium; Molecular genetics of plant pathogenic fusarium oxysporum; Using karyotype variability to investigate the origins and relatednes of isolates of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense; Population biology of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense; Biological control of diseases caused by fusarium oxysporum; Influence of mineral nutrition on fusarium wilt: a proposed mechanism involving cell water relations; Host responses to the pathogen; Banana breeding and fusarium wilt; Breeding bananas and plantains for resistance to fusariu m wilt: the track record; Somaclonal resistance in cavendish banana to fusarium wilt; Baseline tissue and cell culture studies for use in banana improvement schemes.
Biofilm Infections
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Author : Thomas Bjarnsholt
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2014-10-11
Biofilm Infections written by Thomas Bjarnsholt and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-10-11 with Science categories.
This book will cover both the evidence for biofilms in many chronic bacterial infections as well as the problems facing these infections such as diagnostics and treatment regimes. A still increasing interest and emphasis on the sessile bacterial lifestyle biofilms has been seen since it was realized that that less than 0.1% of the total microbial biomass lives in the planktonic mode of growth. The term was coined in 1978 by Costerton et al. who defined the term biofilm for the first time.In 1993 the American Society for Microbiology (ASM) recognised that the biofilmmode of growth was relevant to microbiology. Lately many articles have been published on the clinical implications of bacterial biofilms. Both original articles and reviews concerning the biofilm problem are available.