Chemical Reactions In Clusters
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Chemical Reactions In Clusters
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Author : Elliot R. Bernstein
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 1996-06-06
Chemical Reactions In Clusters written by Elliot R. Bernstein and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996-06-06 with Science categories.
This book covers important new developments of the last five years in the area of cluster chemistry, presenting an excellent view of the successes and shortcomings of both current state-of-the-art theory and experiment. Each chapter, contributed by a leading expert, places heavy emphasis on theory without which the detailed analysis of the spectroscopic and kinetic results would be compromised. The cluster reactions reviewed in this work include electron and proton transfer reactions, hot atom reactions, vibrational predissociation, radical reactions, and ionic reactions. Some of the theories applied throughout the text are product state distribution determinations, state-to-state dynamical information, and access to the transition stage of the reaction. The discussions serve as a benchmark of how far the field has come since the mid 1980's and will be a good update for students and researchers interested in this area of physical chemistry.
Atomic Structure Of Clusters Through Chemical Reactions
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1991
Atomic Structure Of Clusters Through Chemical Reactions written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991 with categories.
Techniques for the probing of isolated metal cluster structure through adsorbate binding patterns will be described. The saturation of clusters with reagents such as ammonia and nitrogen provides information on the number of preferred binding sites for these reagents. The dependence of this number on cluster size can suggest particular structural themes. The equilibrium reaction with water can be used to identify cluster sizes having especially enhanced binding for the water molecule. Again, the sequence of cluster sizes showing such enhancement can point to specific cluster structure. The reaction with oxygen can identify cluster sizes having particularly high ionization potentials, and these can be compared to simple models for the electronic structure of metal clusters. Representative applications of these probes to iron, cobalt, nickel, and copper clusters will be discussed. 5 figs.
Metal Clusters And Their Reactivity
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Author : Zhixun Luo
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-10-31
Metal Clusters And Their Reactivity written by Zhixun Luo and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-10-31 with Science categories.
This book discusses current techniques and instrumentation for cluster chemistry. It addresses both the experimental and theoretical aspects of gas-phase metal cluster reactivities, especially those pertaining to pollution removal, energetic reactions and corrosion and anticorrosion. These metal cluster systems have attracted enormous interest as they display a completely new class of physical, chemical, electronic, magnetic and catalytic properties. As these properties change with size and composition, it can thus be understood how their nature evolves from atoms to bulk solids. The book offers readers a basic understanding of the structural chemistry and reactivity of metal clusters in both gas-phase and wet chemistry. Further, the lessons they learn here regarding metal cluster chemistry will prepare researchers for the study of condensed phase dynamics that pertain to wet chemical synthesis, soft-landing deposition and cluster assembly.
Physics And Chemistry Of Finite Systems From Clusters To Crystals
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Author : Peru Jena
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-11-11
Physics And Chemistry Of Finite Systems From Clusters To Crystals written by Peru Jena and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-11 with Science categories.
Recent innovations in experimental techniques such as molecular and cluster beam epitaxy, supersonic jet expansion, matrix isolation and chemical synthesis are increasingly enabling researchers to produce materials by design and with atomic dimension. These materials constrained by sire, shape, and symmetry range from clusters containing as few as two atoms to nanoscale materials consisting of thousands of atoms. They possess unique structuraI, electronic, magnetic and optical properties that depend strongly on their size and geometry. The availability of these materials raises many fundamental questions as weIl as technological possibilities. From the academic viewpoint, the most pertinent question concerns the evolution of the atomic and electronic structure of the system as it grows from micro clusters to crystals. At what stage, for example, does the cluster look as if it is a fragment of the corresponding crystal. How do electrons forming bonds in micro-clusters transform to bands in solids? How do the size dependent properties change from discrete quantum conditions, as in clusters, to boundary constrained bulk conditions, as in nanoscale materials, to bulk conditions insensitive to boundaries? How do the criteria of classification have to be changed as one goes from one size domain to another? Potential for high technological applications also seem to be endless. Clusters of otherwise non-magnetic materials exhibit magnetic behavior when constrained by size, shape, and dimension. NanoscaIe metal particles exhibit non-linear opticaI properties and increased mechanical strength. SimiIarly, materials made from nanoscale ceramic particIes possess plastic behavior.
Metal Metal Bonds And Clusters In Chemistry And Catalysis
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Author : John P. Fackler Jr.
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-11-22
Metal Metal Bonds And Clusters In Chemistry And Catalysis written by John P. Fackler Jr. and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-22 with Science categories.
This book contains a series of papers and abstracts from the 7th Industry-University Cooperative Chemistry Program symposium held in the spring of 1989 at Texas A&M University. The symposium was larger than previous IUCCP symposia since it also celebrated the 25 years that had elapsed since the initial discovery by F. A. Cotton and his co-workers of the existence of metal-metal quadruple bonds. Cotton's discovery demonstrated that multiple bonding in inorganic systems is not governed by the same constraints observed in organic chemistry regarding s and p orbital involvement. The d orbitals are involved in the multiple bonding description. The quadruple bond involves considerable d orbital overlap between adjacent metal centers. Part I of this series of papers focuses upon the impact of this discovery and describes further contributions to the development of the field. Multiple metal-metal bonding now is known to permeate broad areas of transition metal chemistry. The understanding of metal-metal bonding that developed as a result of the discovery of multiple metal-metal bonding awakened a new chemistry involving metal clusters. Clusters were defined by Cotton to be species containing metal-metal bonding. Clusters in catalysis therefore seemed a logical grouping of papers in this symposium. Clusters play an every increasing role in the control of chemical reactions. Part II of this book describes some of the interesting new developments in this field. In Part III the papers examine the role clusters play in describing and understanding solid state materials.
The Synergy Between Dynamics And Reactivity At Clusters And Surfaces
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Author : L.J. Farrugia
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
The Synergy Between Dynamics And Reactivity At Clusters And Surfaces written by L.J. Farrugia and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
The analogy between the chemistry of molecular transition metal clusters and the processes of chemisorption and catalysis at metal surfaces (the Cluster Surface analogy) has for a number of years provided an interplay between experimental and theoretical inorganic and physical chemists. This collaborative approach has born fruit in the use of well defined modes of metal-ligand bonding in discrete molecular clusters, models for metal-ligand binding on surfaces. Some of the key topics discussed in The Synergy between Dynamics and Reactivity at Clusters and Surfaces are: (1) Mechanisms of the fluxional behaviour in clusters in the liquid phase and the connections with diffusion processes on extended surfaces. The role of metal-metal bond breaking in diffusion. (2) Analogies in the structure of chemisorbed species and related ligands on metallic clusters. (3) Analogies between benzene surface chemistry on extended metal surfaces and on metal surfaces in molecular cluster compounds with particular reference to structural distortions. (4) The role of mobile precursors for dissociation of chemisorption on extended metals and on clusters. Are there analogies in the ligand attachment during cluster compound synthesis? (5) The role of defect sites on metal surfaces in catalyzing chemical reactions and the connection to the special bonding properties of sites on metal clusters having lowest metal-metal coordination. (6) The size of metal clusters needed to mimic surface phenomena on bulk metal surfaces. Different sites needed for different phenomena.
Atomic Structure Of Clusters Through Chemical Reactions
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1991
Atomic Structure Of Clusters Through Chemical Reactions written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991 with categories.
Chemical Reactions And Their Control On The Femtosecond Time Scale
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Author : Pierre Gaspard
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2009-09-09
Chemical Reactions And Their Control On The Femtosecond Time Scale written by Pierre Gaspard and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-09-09 with Science categories.
Continuing the tradition of the Advances in Chemical Physics series, Volume 101: Chemical Reactions and Their Control on the Femtosecond Time Scale details the extraordinary findings reported at the XXth Solvay Conference on Chemistry, held at the Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium, from November 28 to December 2, 1995. This new volume discusses the remarkable opportunities afforded by the femtosecond laser, focusing on the host of phenomena this laser has made it possible to observe. Examining molecules on the intrinsic time scale of their vibrations as well as their dissociative motions and electronic excitations represents only part of a broadened scientific window made possible by the femtosecond laser. The assembled studies, with follow-up discussions, reflect the many specialties and perspectives of the Conference's 65 participants as well as their optimism concerning the breadth of scientific discovery now open to them. The studies shed light on the laser's enhanced technical reach in the area of coherent control of chemical reactions as well as of more general quantum systems. The theoretical fundamentals of femto-chemistry, the unique behavior of the femtosecond laser, and a view toward future technological applications were also discussed: * Femtochemistry: chemical reaction dynamics and their control * Coherent control with femtosecond laser pulses * Femtosecond chemical dynamics in condensed phases * Control of quantum many-body dynamics * Experimental observation of laser control * Solvent dynamics and RRKM theory of clusters * High-resolution spectroscopy and intramolecular dynamics * Molecular Rydberg states and ZEKE spectroscopy * Transition-state spectroscopy and photodissociation * Quantum and semiclassical theories of chemical reaction rates. A fascinating and informative status report on the cutting-edge chemical research made possible by the femtosecond laser, Chemical Reactions and Their Control on the Femtosecond Time Scale is an indispensable volume for professionals and students alike. The femtosecond laser and chemistry's extraordinary new frontier of molecular motions observed on the scale of a quadrillionth of a second. Research chemists have only tapped the surface of the spectacular reach and precision of the femtosecond laser, a technology that has allowed them to observe the dynamics of molecules on the intrinsic time scale of their vibrations, dissociative motions, and electronic excitations. Volume 101 in the Advances in Chemical Physics series, Chemical Reactions and Their Control on the Femtosecond Time Scale details their extraordinary findings, presented at the XXth Solvay Conference on Chemistry, in Brussels. The studies reflect the work, in part, of the Conference's 65 participants, including many prominent contributors. Together they shed light on the laser's enhanced technical range in the area of coherent control of chemical reactions as well as of more general quantum systems. The theoretical fundamentals of femtochemistry, the unique behavior of the femtosecond laser, and a view toward future technological applications were also discussed. An exceptionally up-to-date examination of the chemical analyses made possible by the femtosecond laser, Chemical Reactions and Their Control on the Femtosecond Time Scale is an important reference for professionals and students interested in enhancing their research capabilities with this remarkable tool. From 1993 to 1996, she worked with Dr. P. Gaspard at the Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium, on the application of new semiclassical techniques to elementary chemical reaction processes.
Reaction Dynamics In Clusters And Condensed Phases
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Author : Joshua Jortner
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Reaction Dynamics In Clusters And Condensed Phases written by Joshua Jortner and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
The Twenty Sixth Jerusalem Symposium reflected the high standards of these distinguished scientific meetings, which convene once a year at the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities in Jerusalem to discuss a specific topic in the broad area of quantum chemistry and biochemistry. The topic at this year's Jerusalem Symposium was reaction dynamics in clusters and condensed phases, which constitutes a truly interdisciplinary subject of central interest in the areas of chemical dynamics, kinetics, photochemistry and condensed matter chemical physics. The main theme of the Symposium was built around the exploration of the interrelationship between the dynamics in large finite clusters and in infinite bulk systems. The main issues addressed microscopic and macroscopic sol vation phenomena, cluster and bulk spectroscopy, photodissociation and vibrational predissociation, cage effects, interphase dynamics, reaction dynamics and energy transfer in clusters, dense fluids, liquids, solids and biophysical systems. The interdisciplinary nature of this research area was deliberated by intensive and extensive interactions between modern theory and advanced experimental methods. This volume provides a record of the invited lectures at the Symposium.
Chemistry Within Molecular Van Der Waals Clusters
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Author : James F. Garvey
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1990
Chemistry Within Molecular Van Der Waals Clusters written by James F. Garvey and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with categories.
A subject of great interest in recent years has been the study of the physics of weakly bound van der Waals clusters. These species have been probed in a variety of ways to gain an understanding of their formation and to determine their various physical properties. However, the study of chemical reactions within clusters is especially intriguing since clusters can conceptually bridge the disparate fields of bimolecular gas-phase reaction dynamics and solution chemistry. The ultimate goal of these studies is to obtain an understanding of the factors that govern reactions in solution but which are absent in gas phase processes. By concentrating on the chemistry within these cluster systems it is possible to directly observe how the behavior of the system changes as a function of stepwise solvation. In addition to the typical unimolecular and bimolecular gas-phase chemistry already studied within clusters, our group has recently observed the generation of new cluster product ions which cannot be explained by either of these two known processes. (jes).