Chemical Safety Of Drinking Water
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Chemical Safety Of Drinking Water
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Author : Terrence Thompson
language : en
Publisher: WHO
Release Date : 2007
Chemical Safety Of Drinking Water written by Terrence Thompson and has been published by WHO this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Medical categories.
Contamination of drinking-water is a significant concern for public health throughout the world. Microbial hazards make the largest contribution to waterborne disease in developed and developing countries. Nevertheless, chemicals in water supplies can cause serious health problems--whether the chemicals are naturally occurring or derive from sources of pollution. At a global scale, fluoride and arsenic are the most significant chemicals, each affecting perhaps millions of people. However, many other chemicals can be important contaminants of drinking-water under specific local conditions. Often, identification and assessment of risks to health from drinking-water relies excessively on analysis of water samples. The limitations of this approach are well recognized, and contributed to the delay in recognizing arsenic in drinking-water as a significant health concern in Bangladesh and elsewhere. To overcome such limitations, the latest edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality (WHO, 2004; WHO,2006) emphasizes effective preventive management through a 'framework for drinking-water safety' that incorporates 'water safety plans.' Effective preventive management of chemicals in drinking-water requires simple tools for distinguishing the few chemicals of potential local or national concern from the unmanageably long list of chemicals of possible significance. The aim is to identify and prioritize the chemicals of concern, to overcome the limitations of direct analysis of water quality, and ensure that limited resources are allocated towards the monitoring, assessment and control of the chemicals that pose the greatest health risks. Identifying and prioritizing chemical risks presents a challenge, especially in developing countries, because information on the presence of chemicals in water supplies is often lacking. This document provides guidance to help readers to meet that challenge. It shows how information on aspects such as geology and industrial and agricultural development, which is often readily available, can be used to identify potential chemical contaminants (and potential sources of chemicals), from catchment to consumer, and thus prioritize risks. As a supporting document to the Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality (WHO, 2004; WHO, 2006), this publication is aimed at policy-makers, regulators, managers and public health practitioners at national and local level. It is divided into three parts: Part A provides general guidance on using limited information in prioritizing chemicals in drinking-water for risk management. The need for such guidance is outlined in Chapter 1,which also describes the administrative and policy context. Chapter 2 describes the principles applied in prioritizing chemicals, provides information on some factors that affect chemical concentrations along pathways, and highlights several specific chemicals that are frequently considered priorities because of their widespread occurrence or significant health effects. Chapter 3 discusses the role of drinking-water standards and guidelines, and provides an overview of contemporary water quality management procedures. Part B provides practical guidance on identifying specific chemicals that are likely to be of concern in individual water supply systems. It groups chemical contaminants into five categories on the basis of their potential sources: naturally occurring, from agriculture activities, from human settlements, from industrial activities, and from water treatment and distribution processes themselves. Part C comprises the appendices. It includes guidance on the most likely sources of potential contaminants and on identifying chemicals that could be of concern in particular circumstances. The appendices address potential sources of chemicals considered in the WHO drinking-water guidelines (WHO, 2004; WHO, 2006), chemicals potentially discharged in effluents from industrial sources, and the association of pesticides with crops and crop types. This information is presented in an accessible format that will help users to determine the chemical hazards that can arise in the catchment, in treatment and in distribution, in large, medium and small water supplies. Many experts worldwide contributed to this work over a period of several years, beginning with the 1st Meeting of Experts on Monitoring Chemicals in Drinking Water, held in Bangkok, Thailand, in January 2001. This was followed by the 2nd Meeting of Experts on Monitoring Chemicals in Drinking Water, also held in Bangkok, in December 2001. Both meetings were sponsored by WHO and hosted by the Department of Health, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand. The draft guidance document was subsequently tested in a series of field trials in 2002-2003 in Indonesia, Fiji, Nepal, Mongolia, the Philippines and Thailand. Lessons learnt through the field trials provided feedback that was valuable in revising and finalizing the document. Readers should note that while this publication has been developed as a supporting document for, and with reference to, the Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality, the guidelines themselves are frequently updated and the latest information should always be sought by reference to relevant World Health Organization publications and web site. (http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/guidelines/en/index.html).
Chemical Safety Of Drinking Water
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Author : World Health Organization
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
Chemical Safety Of Drinking Water written by World Health Organization and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with categories.
Guidelines For Drinking Water Quality
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Author : World Health Organization
language : en
Publisher: World Health Organization
Release Date : 2004-08-31
Guidelines For Drinking Water Quality written by World Health Organization and has been published by World Health Organization this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-08-31 with Medical categories.
This is the third edition of the WHO's guidelines which are used by countries worldwide to set standards for the regulation of drinking water quality and effective approaches to water safety management. This revised edition has been updated to take account of recent developments in risk assessment and management. Topics discussed include: a framework for drinking water safety and discussion of the roles and responsibilities of different stakeholders, such as national regulators, water suppliers and independent surveillance agencies; guidance on microbial safety of drinking water through safety plans; new scientific information on chemicals, waterborne pathogens and individual chemical hazards of actual or potential concern. It also considers the application of the guidelines in specific circumstances, such as in emergencies and disasters, and to specific applications, such as bottled water. It also contains information on over 130 documents which substantiate or explain the content of the Guidelines, and on good practice guidance in achieving drinking-water safety.
Drinking Water And Health
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 1982-02-01
Drinking Water And Health written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1982-02-01 with Nature categories.
The most recent volume in the Drinking Water and Health series contains the results of a two-part study on the toxicity of drinking water contaminants. The first part examines current practices in risk assessment, identifies new noncancerous toxic responses to chemicals found in drinking water, and discusses the use of pharmacokinetic data to estimate the delivered dose and response. The second part of the book provides risk assessments for 14 specific compounds, 9 presented here for the first time.
Drinking Water Safety
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Author : Eugenio Vilanova Gisbert
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2019-04-15
Drinking Water Safety written by Eugenio Vilanova Gisbert and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-04-15 with categories.
National and international regulations specify limits of critical substances for controlling water safety by sanitary authorities. However, the scientific basis behind the regulations is not explained. Drinking Water Safety works to elucidate the scientific aspects in water regulation, so that the different hazards and risks involved in the process are shown. Various methods and strategies are also discussed in the text on how to monitor chemical and safety parameters.
Safe Drinking Water
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Author : Rip G. Rice
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2017-11-22
Safe Drinking Water written by Rip G. Rice and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-11-22 with Technology & Engineering categories.
A review of the nation’s new coverages serves as a ready reminder that drinking water safety is more than regional of local concern. In recent times, the print media alone has drawn attention to barium, bacteria, heavy metals, and increasingly organic contaminants, in public water supplies located in Florida, Rhode Island, Texas, Oregon, Illinois, Minnesota, North Carolina, Michigan, and California, to name a few. In an effort to address one of the major issues confronting the future of the nation’s drinking water supplies, chemical contamination, the Drinking Water Research Foundation and the American Chemical Society presented the symposium, "Safe Drinking Water: the Impact of Chemicals on a Limited Resource." To add balance to the total presentation, two papers were included that were not part of the symposium. Many questions as to the public significance of hundreds of organic chemicals known to be present in the national drinking water supply are waiting to be answered. In some areas of the country, aid rain-induced alterations of the natural leaching process represent an unexplored potential source of toxic pollutants. Finding workable ways to clean up the water supply will be an ongoing task. Addressing these questions, as well as investigating how other countries are responding to these problems, the alternate sources available, such as bottled water, and point of use devices, the presenters in this symposium have attempted to explain the problems, situation, and alternatives. As progress is made in one area, setbacks will occur in another. As we eliminate problems thought chemical technology, we often create others, such as contamination of our waters. While all the situations, problems, and alternatives are not discussed in these proceedings, it is hoped that some attention will be brought to the public, government, and private sectors so that future work will be done to assure the nation of safe drinking water resources.
Guidelines For Drinking Water Quality
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Author : World Health Organization
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1993
Guidelines For Drinking Water Quality written by World Health Organization and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Medical categories.
Risk Assessment For Chemicals In Drinking Water
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Author : Robert A. Howd
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2007-11-16
Risk Assessment For Chemicals In Drinking Water written by Robert A. Howd and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-11-16 with Science categories.
A comprehensive reference on state-of-the-art risk assessment methodologies for drinking water Risk Assessment for Chemicals in Drinking Water discusses the major steps and goals in risk assessments and suggests ways to improve the methodologies and accuracy, while consolidating up-to-date information on the current principles and practices in one authoritative reference. After an enlightening overview of risk assessment practices and regulatory guidelines, it: Includes descriptions of the use of variability analysis, exposure analysis, physiologically based pharmacokinetics, and modeling for both cancer and non-cancer endpoints Describes the practices of major organizations, including the U.S. EPA, Health Canada, World Health Organization, and California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment Includes complete chapters on risk assessment for essential nutrients, arsenic, chloroform, and perchlorate Explains how to address susceptible sub-populations, including the elderly and infants and children, in risk assessments Covers the potential of using genomic and proteomic screens Addresses recent advances, emerging issues, and future challenges With contributions and perspectives from leading scientists, this is the definitive resource for health and environmental scientists, toxicologists, risk assessors and managers, regulators, consultants, and other professionals responsible for the safety of drinking water.
Drinking Water And Health
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Author : Assembly of Life Sciences (U.S.). Safe Drinking Water Committee
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1986
Drinking Water And Health written by Assembly of Life Sciences (U.S.). Safe Drinking Water Committee and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1986 with Drinking water categories.
Setting Priorities For Drinking Water Contaminants
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 1999-01-02
Setting Priorities For Drinking Water Contaminants written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-01-02 with Nature categories.
The provision of safe drinking water has been an important factor in the improvement of the health status of U.S. communities since the turn of the last century. Nonetheless, outbreaks of waterborne disease and incidences of chemical contamination of drinking water continue to occur. Setting Priorities for Drinking Water Contaminants recommends a new process for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to use in deciding which potential drinking water contaminants should be regulated in public water supplies to provide the greatest protection against waterborne illnesses. The book covers chemical and microbiological contaminants and includes a historical review of past approaches to setting priorities for drinking water contaminants and other environmental pollutants. It emphasizes the need for expert judgment in this process and for a conservative approach that considers public health protection as the first priority.