Chemical Synthesis Using Highly Reactive Metals
DOWNLOAD
Download Chemical Synthesis Using Highly Reactive Metals PDF/ePub or read online books in Mobi eBooks. Click Download or Read Online button to get Chemical Synthesis Using Highly Reactive Metals book now. This website allows unlimited access to, at the time of writing, more than 1.5 million titles, including hundreds of thousands of titles in various foreign languages. If the content not found or just blank you must refresh this page
Chemical Synthesis Using Highly Reactive Metals
DOWNLOAD
Author : Reuben D. Rieke
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2016-12-12
Chemical Synthesis Using Highly Reactive Metals written by Reuben D. Rieke and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-12-12 with Science categories.
Written by the creator of Rieke metals, valuable for chemical reaction methods and efficiency, this groundbreaking book addresses a significant aspect of organic and inorganic chemistry. The author discusses synthetic methods, preparation procedures, chemical reactions, and applications for highly reactive metals and organometallic reagents. • Addresses a new generation of chemistry that goes beyond the standard use of metals and activation • Provides step-by-step guidelines, chemical equations, and experimental descriptions for handling metals including zinc, magnesium, copper, indium, nickel, manganese, calcium, barium, iron, palladium, platinum, uranium, thorium, aluminum, cobalt, and chromium • Uses a unique approach to highlight methods and techniques that make chemical synthesis and activation of Rieke metals more safe and efficient • Discusses novel applications and special topics, such as highly reactive metals for novel organometallic reagents, semiconducting polymers, plastics electronics, photovoltaics, and the Reformatsky reagent
Activated Metals In Organic Synthesis
DOWNLOAD
Author : P. Cintas
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2020-01-29
Activated Metals In Organic Synthesis written by P. Cintas and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-01-29 with Science categories.
Activated Metals in Organic Synthesis discusses fundamental principles of the generation of activated, highly reactive metals, and their applications in organic synthesis. Following an introductory chapter on basic forms of metals the chapters in Part 1 are devoted to common strategies utilized for the preparation of active metals. These strategies include vaporization and subsequent co-condensation of metal atoms, in addition to depassivating methods employed commonly in laboratory syntheses. Chapters in Part 2 discuss relevant organic transformations in which metal activation plays a crucial role. Specific topics covered include metal-induced reductive methods; pinacolic, Reformatsky-, and Barbier-type reactions; McMurry ketone-olefin coupling; and the Bernet-Vasella reaction. Each chapter is followed by literature citations ranging from specific references to significant reviews. Many structural formulas are provided, making it easy to follow each synthesis. The book will be an important reference for students, organic chemists, and researchers in all areas of organometallic chemistry.
Nanoengineering And Synthesis Of Metal Based Materials For Enhanced Energetic Performance
DOWNLOAD
Author : Prawal Agarwal
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2023
Nanoengineering And Synthesis Of Metal Based Materials For Enhanced Energetic Performance written by Prawal Agarwal and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023 with categories.
Metal-based energetic materials are a pathway for clean and sustainable energy applications because of their high energy densities and ability to oxidize readily and release large amounts of heat. They are sustainable sources of green combustion and can easily be stored and transported because they are chemically stable solids compared to hydrocarbon fuels. These merits lead to their applications in volume-limited propulsion, solid fuels, explosives, space exploration, self-destructing energetic chips, electrochemical energy storage, and hydrogen generation/storage. To be used effectively in these applications, nanometer-sized particles are beneficial because of the fast ignition, more complete combustion, and enhanced heat transfer and reaction rates due to the larger specific surface area available for the reaction. However, some roadblocks exist in harnessing the benefits of metal nanoparticles (NPs). The surfaces of the metal NPs are highly reactive. Hence, there is a formation of a native oxide layer on their surface. This native oxide occupies a significant fraction of mass in the sample that does not contribute to the oxidative heat release of the sample and also acts as a diffusion barrier on the metal NP surface that delays the contact of oxidizer with metal in the core and thus restricts the combustion process. Various methods are available in the literature to minimize the inhibiting effects of the native oxide layer on oxidative heat release. These methods are based on surface functionalization using solution-based approaches, reactive milling, coating reactive metals on other metals, and high-temperature sintering to synthesize metal borides. These methods helped us to determine how to approach solving the problem of the native oxide layer and investigating possible routes to improve the oxidative energy release from metal-based nanomaterials. We can either reduce native oxide or convert them into a reactive component such that they contribute to the oxidative heat release. In our work, we used nonthermal plasma processing and intermetallic chemistry based on self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) reactions. Nonthermal plasma is a low-temperature operation that triggers selective and rapid reactions on the surface. Due to low-temperature operation, this process uses energy efficiently. We used hydrogen plasma to generate reactive hydrogen species that can reduce native oxides of metal at room temperature. We also used plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) through argon plasma to deposit reactive nanofilms on the metal NPs surfaces to enhance the energy performance during oxidation and to passivate their surfaces to inhibit oxide growth in extreme temperature and humid conditions during storage. Using SHS, we synthesize solid solutions of metals with long storage life because of their thermal stability and with enhanced oxidative heat release due to the reduction of less reactive metal oxide with a more reactive metal. The process temperature is selected so that there is no sintering and agglomeration of NPs during the process. Both the above processes are dry-phase process and reduces the contamination of metals. Using nonthermal plasma processing, we enhanced the oxidative heat release from boron (B) NPs by developing an in-situ process in which hydrogen plasma reduces B oxide and PECVD coats the surface with a thin fluorocarbon film to stop reoxidation when NPs are exposed to the environment. PECVD is used to deposit reactive nanofilms of perfluorodecalin and oleic acid on the surface of aluminum (Al) NPs, which lead to superior energy performance of Al NPs. The plasma-based oleic acid nanofilms performed better than graphene oxide. Hydrogen plasma doped the Al NPs with hydrides such that during oxidation, channels are formed on the surface due to gas transport, leading to better oxidation of metal in the core. Boron is a desirable candidate for energetic applications with the highest gravimetric and volumetric energy density of 58 kJ/g and 140 kJ/mL. The energy from B can be exploited by the addition of reactive metals with reasonable gravimetric energy density, such as Al and magnesium (Mg), in the form of a mechanical mixture or solid solutions, which can undergo an exothermic redox reaction to reduce native oxide and enrich metallic B. We used SHS and mechanical mixing to form Mg/B solid solutions and energy-optimized Al/B systems to synthesize energetic materials. We also combined plasma chemistry and intermetallic chemistry to investigate the integrated effects of these processes on B energetics. Hence, we reduced native oxides and/or converted them into energetic components via nanoengineering by fabricating core-shell architectures and synthesizing energetic nanomaterials with enhanced energy performance and extended storage stability.
Transition Metal Carbonyl Cluster Chemistry
DOWNLOAD
Author : Paul J. Dyson
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2018-10-03
Transition Metal Carbonyl Cluster Chemistry written by Paul J. Dyson and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-10-03 with Science categories.
Transition metal carbonyl clusters (TMCCs) continue to inspire great interest in chemical research, as much for their fascinating structures as for potential industrial applications conferred by their unique properties. This highly accessible book introduces the bonding, structure, spectroscopic properties, and characterization of clusters, and then explores their synthesis, reactivity, reaction mechanisms and use in organic synthesis and catalysis. Transition Metal Carbonyl Cluster Chemistry describes models and rules that correlate cluster structure with electron count, which are then applied in worked examples. Subsequent chapters explain how bonding relates to molecular structure, demonstrate the use of spectroscopic techniques such as NMR, IR and MS in cluster chemistry, and outline the factors contributing to the stability, dynamics and reactivity of clusters. The second part of this book discusses the synthesis and applications of TMCCs. It emphasizes the differences between the reactivities of clusters vs. mononuclear metal complexes, contingent to the availability of multiple-bonding sites and heterosite reactivity. The final chapters discuss reactions in which clusters act as homogeneous catalysts; including discussion on the use of solid and biphasic liquid-liquid supported clusters in heterogeneous catalysts. A useful reference for those commencing further research or post-graduate study on metal carbonyl clusters and advanced organometallic chemistry, this book is also a cornerstone addition to academic and libraries as well as private collections.
Metals And Ligand Reactivity
DOWNLOAD
Author : Edwin C. Constable
language : en
Publisher: Wiley-VCH
Release Date : 1996-01-18
Metals And Ligand Reactivity written by Edwin C. Constable and has been published by Wiley-VCH this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996-01-18 with Science categories.
Edwin C. Constable Metals and Ligand Reactivity An Introduction to the Organic Chemistry of Metal Complexes New, revised and expanded edition This book is a highly readable introduction to the reactions of coordinated ligands, which have become a useful tool in organic synthesis. Bridging the gap between the traditional fields, this text presents the basic concepts of ligand reactivity as well as synthetic applications of these reactions. Topics covered include Principles of metal-ligand interaction Reactions of coordinated ligands with nucleophiles and electrophiles Oxidation and reduction of coordinated ligands Cyclic and encapsulating ligands, template effects and supramolecular chemistry Carefully selected examples, lucidly designed figures and schemes as well as numerous study problems make this book an ideal guide for students and practitioners of organic synthesis. References to further reading are also included.
Advances In Organometallic Chemistry
DOWNLOAD
Author :
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 1996-02-12
Advances In Organometallic Chemistry written by and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996-02-12 with Science categories.
This widely acclaimed serial contains authoritative reviews that address all aspects of organometallic chemistry, a field which has expanded enormously since the publication of Volume 1 in 1964. Almost all branchesof chemistry now interface with organometallic chemistry--the study of compounds containing carbon metal bonds. Organometallic compounds range from species which are so reactive that they only have a transient existence at ambient temperatures to species which are thermally very stable. Organometallics are used extensively in the synthesis of useful compounds on both large and small scales. Industrial processes involving plastics, polymers, electronic materials, and pharmaceuticals all depend on advancements in organometallic chemistry. In basic research, organometallics have contributed inter alia to: Metal cluster chemistry Surface chemistry The stabilization of highly reactive species by metal coordination Chiral synthesis The formulation of multiple bonds between carbon and the other elements and between the elements themselves
Metal Vapour Synthesis In Organometallic Chemistry
DOWNLOAD
Author : J. R. Blackborow
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Metal Vapour Synthesis In Organometallic Chemistry written by J. R. Blackborow and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
Metal Vapour Synthesis (MVS) can be defined as; "The use in synthesis of high temper ature gaseous species such as metal atoms by their reactions with themselves or other materials in a condensed phase. " This short book, covering the literature up to the middle of 1979, describes MVS in organic chemistry; i. e. the reactions of metal atoms with various, predominantly organic, substrates in the synthesis and reactivity studies of organic and organometallic compounds. In order to effectively describe all the underlying principles and to present a coesive picture of pertinent metal atom processes in condensed organic phases, some inorganic substrates such as rare gases, dinitrogen, dioxygen, dihalo gens, and inorganic halides have been included. For similar reasons, we have used, where relevent, information provided by the closely related technique of Matrix Isolation Spec troscopy (MIS). After an introductory chapter which gives the basis principles and includes a brief critique of the technique, the book is divided into three further chapters dealing respec tively with (a) experimental techniques, (b) behaviour of metal atoms in matrices, and (c) results of prep~rative experiments. While not being encyclopaedic the book describes or refers to all noteworthy areas if not in the deliberately short text in the many tables and figures.
Organic Synthesis Using Transition Metals
DOWNLOAD
Author : Roderick Bates
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2012-04-12
Organic Synthesis Using Transition Metals written by Roderick Bates and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-04-12 with Science categories.
Transition metals open up new opportunities for synthesis, because their means of bonding and their reaction mechanisms differ from those of the elements of the s and p blocks. In the last two decades the subject has mushroomed - established reactions are seeing both technical improvements and increasing numbers of applications, and new reactions are being developed. The practicality of the subject is demonstrated by the large number of publications coming from the process development laboratories of pharmaceutical companies, and its importance is underlined by the fact that three Nobel prizes have been awarded for discoveries in this field in the 21st Century already. Organic Synthesis Using Transition Metals, 2nd Edition considers the ways in which transition metals, as catalysts and reagents, can be used in organic synthesis, both for pharmaceutical compounds and for natural products. It concentrates on the bond-forming reactions that set transition metal chemistry apart from "classical" organic chemistry. Each chapter is extensively referenced and provides a convenient point of entry to the research literature. Topics covered include: introduction to transition metals in organic synthesis coupling reactions C-H activation carbonylative coupling reactions alkene and alkyne insertion reactions electrophilic alkene and alkyne complexes reactions of alkyne complexes carbene complexes h3- or p-allyl -allyl complexes diene, dienyl and arene complexes cycloaddition and cycloisomerisation reactions For this second edition the text has been extensively revised and expanded to reflect the significant improvements and advances in the field since the first edition, as well as the large number of new transition metal-catalysed processes that have come to prominence in the last 10 years – for example the extraordinary progress in coupling reactions using “designer” ligands, catalysis using gold complexes, new opportunities arising from metathesis chemistry, and C-H activation – without neglecting the well established chemistry of metals such as palladium. Organic Synthesis Using Transition Metals, 2nd Edition will find a place on the bookshelves of advanced undergraduates and postgraduates working in organic synthesis, catalysis, medicinal chemistry and drug discovery. It is also useful for practising researchers who want to refresh and enhance their knowledge of the field.
Reactive Intermediates In Organic Chemistry
DOWNLOAD
Author : Maya Shankar Singh
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2014-01-22
Reactive Intermediates In Organic Chemistry written by Maya Shankar Singh and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-01-22 with Science categories.
Most reactions in organic chemistry do not proceed in a single step but rather take several steps to yield the desired product. In the course of these multi-step reaction sequences, short-lived intermediates can be generated that quickly convert into other intermediates, reactants, products or side products. As these intermediates are highly reactive, they cannot usually be isolated, but their existence and structure can be proved by theoretical and experimental methods. Using the information obtained, researchers can better understand the underlying reaction mechanism of a certain organic transformation and thus develop novel strategies for efficient organic synthesis. The chapters are clearly structured and are arranged according to the type of intermediate, providing information on the formation, characterization, stereochemistry, stability, and reactivity of the intermediates. Additionally, representative examples and a problem section with different levels of difficulty are included for self-testing the newly acquired knowledge. By providing a deeper understanding of the underlying concepts, this is a musthave reference for PhD and Master Students in organic chemistry, as well as a valuable source of information for chemists in academia and industry working in the field. It is also ideal as primary or supplementary reading for courses on organic chemistry, physical organic chemistry or analytical chemistry.
Advances In Organometallic Chemistry
DOWNLOAD
Author :
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 1994-04-22
Advances In Organometallic Chemistry written by and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994-04-22 with Science categories.
This widely acclaimed serial contains authoritative reviews that address all aspects of organometallic chemistry, a field which has expanded enormously since the publication of Volume 1 in 1964. Almost all branchesof chemistry now interface with organometallic chemistry-the study of compounds containing carbon-metal bonds. Organometallic compounds range from species that are so reactive that they only have a transient existence at ambient temperatures to those thatare thermally very stable. They are used extensively in the synthesis of useful compounds on both small and large scales. Industrial processes involving plastics, polymers, electronic materials, and pharmaceuticals all depend on advances in organometallic chemistry. In basic research, organometallics have contributed inter alia to: Metal cluster chemistry Surface chemistry The stabilization of highly reactive species by metal coordination Chiral synthesis The formulation of multiple bonds between carbon and the other elements and between the elements themselves Each volume of Advances in Organometallic Chemistry contains an index, and each chapter includes references