China S Virtual Monopoly Of Rare Earth Elements
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China S Virtual Monopoly Of Rare Earth Elements
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Author : Roland Howanietz
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2018-06-12
China S Virtual Monopoly Of Rare Earth Elements written by Roland Howanietz and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-06-12 with Social Science categories.
Rare Earth Elements are a group of 17 metals which have a central role in modern industry, increasingly used in the fields of green technologies, high technological consumer goods, industrial and medical appliances and modern weapons systems. Although deposits of Rare Earths are globally dispersed, over 90% of global demand has been provided by Chinese mines since the late 1990s, leading to a situation where China has a virtual monopoly. This book surveys the Rare Earths mining industry, discusses the extent to which Rare Earths really are scarce elsewhere in the world and assesses the economics of production, considering arguments for the rationing of supply, for higher pricing and for a total export embargo. This actually occurred in 2010, demonstrating the vulnerability of the rest of the world to China’s control of these increasingly vital resources.
Countering China S Dominance In The Rare Earth Element Market System
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Author : Eric O. Estep
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Countering China S Dominance In The Rare Earth Element Market System written by Eric O. Estep and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Rare earth industry categories.
This paper will discuss how the United States can exercise the economic element of national power to ensure access to rare earth elements (REE) in a China-dominated market system. Since the 1980's, China has gained a virtual monopoly in the mining and production of REE. Today, China produces over 95% of all REE used by the world. The United States, its allies, and trading partners become increasingly dependent on REE each day as the world evolves into a more information based high-technology driven society. REE are vital to the United States' high-technology economy, state of the art defense systems, and renewable and clean energy systems. China's virtual monopoly of REE allows Chinese control of prices, availability and production of high-technology products and materials to achieve Chinese political and economic ends. Since not all REEs can be produced in the United States, it is imperative that the U.S. creates a reliable, predictable, resilient, and cost effective REE global supply chain in addition to reestablishing a U.S. based production capability.
China S Monopoly On Rare Earths
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Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Subcommittee on Asia and the Pacific
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
China S Monopoly On Rare Earths written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Subcommittee on Asia and the Pacific and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with China categories.
China S Virtual Monopoly Of Rare Earth Elements
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Author : Roland Howanietz
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2018-06-12
China S Virtual Monopoly Of Rare Earth Elements written by Roland Howanietz and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-06-12 with Social Science categories.
Rare Earth Elements are a group of 17 metals which have a central role in modern industry, increasingly used in the fields of green technologies, high technological consumer goods, industrial and medical appliances and modern weapons systems. Although deposits of Rare Earths are globally dispersed, over 90% of global demand has been provided by Chinese mines since the late 1990s, leading to a situation where China has a virtual monopoly. This book surveys the Rare Earths mining industry, discusses the extent to which Rare Earths really are scarce elsewhere in the world and assesses the economics of production, considering arguments for the rationing of supply, for higher pricing and for a total export embargo. This actually occurred in 2010, demonstrating the vulnerability of the rest of the world to China’s control of these increasingly vital resources.
China And The Geopolitics Of Rare Earths
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Author : Sophia Kalantzakos
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2018
China And The Geopolitics Of Rare Earths written by Sophia Kalantzakos and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with Business & Economics categories.
Resource competition, mineral scarcity, and economic statecraft -- What are rare earths? -- Salt and oil : strategic parallels -- How China came to dominate the rare earth industry
China S Monopoly On Rare Earths
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Author : United States House of Representatives
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019-09-18
China S Monopoly On Rare Earths written by United States House of Representatives and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-09-18 with categories.
China's monopoly on rare earths: implications for U.S. foreign and security policy: hearing before the Subcommittee on Asia and the Pacific of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, first session, September 21, 2011.
The Political Economy Of Rare Earth Elements
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Author : Ryan David Kiggins
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-07-28
The Political Economy Of Rare Earth Elements written by Ryan David Kiggins and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-07-28 with Political Science categories.
The contributors argue that rare earths are essential to the information technology revolution on which humans have come to depend for communication, commerce, and, increasingly, engage in conflict. They demonstrate that rare earths are a strategic commodity over which political actors will and do struggle for control.
Rare Earth Elements
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Author : Marc Humphries
language : en
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
Release Date : 2010-11
Rare Earth Elements written by Marc Humphries and has been published by DIANE Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-11 with Science categories.
Contents: (1) Intro.; (2) What are Rare Earth Elements (REE)?; (3) Major End Uses and Applications: Demand for REE; The Application of REE in National Defense; (4) Rare Earth Resources and Production Potential; Supply Chain Issues; Role of China; (5) Rare Earth Legislation in the 111th Congress: H.R. 4866, and S. 3521, the Rare Earths Supply-Chain Technology and Resources Transformation Act of 2010; H.R. 5136, the FY 2011 Nat. Defense Authorization Act; P.L. 111-84, the FY 2010 Nat. Defense Authorization Act; (6) Possible Policy Options: Authorize and Appropriate Funding for a USGS Assessment; Support and Encourage Greater Exploration for REE; Challenge China on Its Export Policy; Establish a Stockpile. Illustrations.
Rare Earth Frontiers
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Author : Julie Michelle Klinger
language : en
Publisher: Cornell University Press
Release Date : 2018-01-15
Rare Earth Frontiers written by Julie Michelle Klinger and has been published by Cornell University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-01-15 with Political Science categories.
Owing to their unique magnetic, phosphorescent, and catalytic properties, rare earths are the elements that make possible teverything from the miniaturization of electronics, to the enabling of green energy and medical technologies, to supporting essential telecommunications and defense systems. An iPhone uses eight rare earths for everything from its colored screen, to its speakers, to the miniaturization of the phone?s circuitry. On the periodic table rare earth elements comprise a set of seventeen chemical elements (the fifteen lanthanides plus scandium and yttrium). There would be no Pokémon Go without rare earths. Rare Earth Frontiers is a work of human geography. Klinger looks historically and geographically at the ways rare earth elements in three discrete but representative and contested sites are given meaning.
Innovative And Creative Industries In Hong Kong
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Author : Grace L K Leung
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2018-10-29
Innovative And Creative Industries In Hong Kong written by Grace L K Leung and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-10-29 with Social Science categories.
The experience of Hong Kong’s innovative and creative industries and the challenges they face serves as an important case study for other Chinese and Asian cities that are actively developing their innovative and creative industries in the era of globalization. The return of sovereignty over Hong Kong back to China in 1997 has led to both collaboration and competition between the two places in innovative and creative sectors for the Greater China and Asian Regions. Hong Kong has remained unique in spite of the integration, but she has to strike a delicate balance between being simultaneously a Chinese and an international city. This book looks at different innovative and creative industries, such as international art and culture exhibition, innovative technology, digital entertainment, TV and movies, as well as government policy for innovative and creative industries, particularly the changing competitive landscape brought about by the latest Great Bay Area development. Drawing insights from cultural history, innovation economics, cultural policy studies, and cultural geography, this book explores the opportunities and challenges of Hong Kong's innovative and creative industries, in particular after the change of sovereignty in 1997. It demonstrates that the city’s legacy, and heavy government input in capital, do not guarantee their sustainable development. This is a book not only for policymakers or academics interested in innovative and creative industries but also to students contemplating a career in these areas in Hong Kong, the Greater China and the Asian Region.