Clauses Without That
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Clauses Without That
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Author : Cathal Doherty
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2014-01-14
Clauses Without That written by Cathal Doherty and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-01-14 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This Study investigates the syntax of complement and relative clauses in English which lack overt complementizers (clauses without that ). The central analytical claim is that these clauses differ in phrase structure from their synonymous counterparts with overt complementizers. In particular, novel evidence from adjunction facts is used to demonstrate that clauses without that are more appropriately analyzed as bare sentences of the category IP rather than CP with a phonologically null head, a proposal which has since been adopted in many economy-driven approaches to phrase structure. In addition to strong empirical support, the IP-analysis is shown to provide explanations for a variety of related syntactic phenomena, superior to those available under the previous CP-analysis. These include the restricted syntactic distribution of that -less complements, in addition to the adjacency restrictions on that -less relative clauses. The analytical task posed by the that -trace effect is also very much reduced under the IP-analysis. The work also examines the syntax of 'subject contact clauses' (e.g. There's a man wants to see you .), common in many non-standard varieties, including Hiberno-English and establishes that they have all the distinctive properties of other that -less relative clauses. This book will be of interest to a broad variety of readers: scholars working in all areas of generative syntax, specialists in English and Germanic syntax, in addition to researchers in non-standard English and Hiberno-English.
Relative Clauses In Languages Of The Americas
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Author : Bernard Comrie
language : en
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing
Release Date : 2012
Relative Clauses In Languages Of The Americas written by Bernard Comrie and has been published by John Benjamins Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Patterns of relative clause formation tend to vary according to the typological properties of a language. Highly polysynthetic languages tend to have fully nominalized relative clauses and no relative pronouns, while other typologically diverse languages tend to have relative clauses which are similar to main or independent clauses. Languages of the Americas, with their rich genetic diversity, have all been under the influence of European languages, whether Spanish, English or Portuguese, a situation that may be expected to have influenced their grammatical patterns. The present volume focuses on two tasks: The first deals with the discussion of functional principles related to relative clause formation: diachrony and paths of grammaticalization, simplicity vs. complexity, and formalization of rules to capture semantic-syntactic correlations. The second provides a typological overview of relative clauses in nine different languages going from north to south in the Americas.
Cambridge Advanced Learner S Dictionary
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Author : Kate Woodford
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2003
Cambridge Advanced Learner S Dictionary written by Kate Woodford and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Foreign Language Study categories.
The Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary is the ideal dictionary for advanced EFL/ESL learners. Easy to use and with a great CD-ROM - the perfect learner's dictionary for exam success. First published as the Cambridge International Dictionary of English, this new edition has been completely updated and redesigned. - References to over 170,000 words, phrases and examples explained in clear and natural English - All the important new words that have come into the language (e.g. dirty bomb, lairy, 9/11, clickable) - Over 200 'Common Learner Error' notes, based on the Cambridge Learner Corpus from Cambridge ESOL exams Plus, on the CD-ROM: - SMART thesaurus - lets you find all the words with the same meaning - QUICKfind - automatically looks up words while you are working on-screen - SUPERwrite - tools for advanced writing, giving help with grammar and collocation - Hear and practise all the words.
Conditional Relative Clauses In The Optative Mood With And Without Nu In Thucydides
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Author : Frank Raymond Kramer
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1931
Conditional Relative Clauses In The Optative Mood With And Without Nu In Thucydides written by Frank Raymond Kramer and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1931 with categories.
The Blue Book Of Grammar And Punctuation
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Author : Lester Kaufman
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2021-04-16
The Blue Book Of Grammar And Punctuation written by Lester Kaufman and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-04-16 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
The bestselling workbook and grammar guide, revised and updated! Hailed as one of the best books around for teaching grammar, The Blue Book of Grammar and Punctuation includes easy-to-understand rules, abundant examples, dozens of reproducible quizzes, and pre- and post-tests to help teach grammar to middle and high schoolers, college students, ESL students, homeschoolers, and more. This concise, entertaining workbook makes learning English grammar and usage simple and fun. This updated 12th edition reflects the latest updates to English usage and grammar, and includes answers to all reproducible quizzes to facilitate self-assessment and learning. Clear and concise, with easy-to-follow explanations, offering "just the facts" on English grammar, punctuation, and usage Fully updated to reflect the latest rules, along with even more quizzes and pre- and post-tests to help teach grammar Ideal for students from seventh grade through adulthood in the US and abroad For anyone who wants to understand the major rules and subtle guidelines of English grammar and usage, The Blue Book of Grammar and Punctuation offers comprehensive, straightforward instruction.
Prepositional Clauses In Spanish
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Author : Manuel Delicado Cantero
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter
Release Date : 2013-07-31
Prepositional Clauses In Spanish written by Manuel Delicado Cantero and has been published by Walter de Gruyter this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-07-31 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This book presents an analysis of Spanish prepositional clauses () - complement and adverbial clauses. The goal is to examine the syntax and evolution of those clauses and their components in Spanish, contrasting them with other European languages. Prepositional argument and adjunct clauses are grammatical in present-day Spanish. However, Medieval Spanish only attests the latter; the former were not frequent until the 16th/17th centuries. Both types are examined in their syntactic evolution and properties, including clausal nominality, argumenthood, nature of prepositions, and optionality. Latin and Portuguese, French, and Italian - both in their present-day and past forms - are studied and compared to Spanish. Likewise, several Germanic languages are surveyed. These languages show variable grammatical degrees of . The comparison reveals aspects which challenge the commonly accepted conclusions about the clausal patterns of each language. This study offers a novel approach to the analysis of Spanish prepositional clauses by looking at its properties and formation not only from within but also in contrast with other languages. It argues for cross-linguistically valid categories and explanations in order to comprehend the properties of human language.
Wh Clauses In English
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Author : Joe Trotta
language : en
Publisher: Rodopi
Release Date : 2000
Wh Clauses In English written by Joe Trotta and has been published by Rodopi this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Corpus-based studies categories.
This study provides the first description-oriented, theoretically-unaligned account ofwh-clauses in Modern English. The author employs a data-based approach to examine aspects of both generative and non-generative work as regards their relative strengths and weaknesses. Wh-clauses in English: Aspects of Theory and Description is a unique combination of statistical findings and qualitative analysis. It is not only underpinned by a systematic investigation of the Brown University corpus but also includes attested material from other sources such as the British National Corpus, the CobuildDirect corpus as well as material gleaned from the internet. The qualitative and quantitative analyses are combined to approach a wide range of theoretical and descriptive issues, such as wh-movement, landing-sites for moved wh-XPs, vacuous movement, island constraints, among others. Not insignificantly, many questions of indeterminacy are addressed, such as the interface of conjunctions and relative words, the problems of demarcation between interrogatives and free relatives as well as structural ambiguities between interrogatives and exclamatives.
The Syntax Of Relative Clauses
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Author : Artemis Alexiadou
language : en
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing
Release Date : 2000-01-01
The Syntax Of Relative Clauses written by Artemis Alexiadou and has been published by John Benjamins Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-01-01 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This book presents a cross-section of recent generative research into the syntax of relative clauses constructions. Most of the papers collected here react in some way to Kayne's (1994) proposal to handle relative clauses in terms of determiner complementation and raising of the relativized nominal. The editors provide a thorough introduction of these proposals, their background and motivations, arguments for and against. There are detailed studies in the syntax and the semantics of relative clauses constructions in Latin, Ancient Greek, Romanian, Hindi, (Old) English, Old High German, (dialects of) Dutch, Turkish, Swedish, and Japanese. The book should be of interest to any linguist working within generative syntax.
Absolute Clauses In English From The Systemic Functional Perspective
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Author : Qingshun He
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-02-26
Absolute Clauses In English From The Systemic Functional Perspective written by Qingshun He and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-02-26 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This book focuses on the structural diversity, semantic variability, case choice, stylistic characteristics and diachronic distribution of English absolute clauses. The syntactic roles assumed by absolute clauses in the traditional sense can be categorized into clausal adjuncts, attendant circumstances and appositives. These three types of function correspond to the three hypotactic expansions in the relation system of clause complexes in Systemic Functional Linguistics, i.e., elaboration, extension and enhancement. This research, therefore, redefines absolute clauses in the framework of SFL and proposes four syntactic types of absolute clauses: absolute paratactic clauses (elaboration), absolute hypotactic clauses (extension and enhancement), absolute projected clauses (fact and act) and absolute embedded clauses (subject). Based on the Brown family corpora, BNC and COHA, this research finds that different function types of absolute clauses differ in terms of their stylistic and diachronic distributions, and both nominative and accusative cases are acceptable.
The History Of Nordic Relative Clauses
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Author : Terje Wagener
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Release Date : 2017-05-22
The History Of Nordic Relative Clauses written by Terje Wagener and has been published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-05-22 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This book gives an analysis of relative clauses as they evolve throughout the history of (Mainland) Scandinavian, from Ancient Nordic to Early Modern Norwegian.