Communicating Uncertainty
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Communicating Uncertainty
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Author : Sharon M. Friedman
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2012-10-12
Communicating Uncertainty written by Sharon M. Friedman and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-10-12 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Exploring the interactions that swirl around scientific uncertainty and its coverage by the mass media, this volume breaks new ground by looking at these issues from three different perspectives: that of communication scholars who have studied uncertainty in a number of ways; that of science journalists who have covered these issues; and that of scientists who have been actively involved in researching uncertain science and talking to reporters about it. In particular, Communicating Uncertainty examines how well the mass media convey to the public the complexities, ambiguities, and controversies that are part of scientific uncertainty. In addition to its new approach to scientific uncertainty and mass media interactions, this book distinguishes itself in the quality of work it assembles by some of the best known science communication scholars in the world. This volume continues the exploration of interactions between scientists and journalists that the three coeditors first documented in their highly successful volume, Scientists and Journalists: Reporting Science as News, which was used for many years as a text in science journalism courses around the world.
Communicating Uncertainty
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Author : Sarah C. Jenkins
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Communicating Uncertainty written by Sarah C. Jenkins and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.
This thesis investigates the effect of communication format on the understanding of uncertainty communications and considers the implications of these findings for a communicator's perceived credibility. The research compares five formats: verbal probability expressions (VPEs; e.g., 'unlikely'); numerical expressions - point (e.g., '20% likelihood') and range estimates (e.g., '10-30% likelihood'); and mixed expressions in two orders (verbal-numerical, e.g., 'unlikely [20% likelihood]' and numerical-verbal format, e.g., '20% likelihood [unlikely]'). Using the 'which-outcome' methodology, we observe that when participants are asked to estimate the probability of the outcome of a natural hazard that is described as 'unlikely', the majority indicate outcomes with a value exceeding the maximum value shown, equivalent to a 0% probability. Extending this work to numerical and mixed formats, we find that 0% interpretations are also given to communications using a verbal-numerical format (Chapter 2). If 'unlikely' is interpreted as referring to events which will never occur, there could be implications for a communicator's perceived credibility should an 'unlikely' event actually occur. In the low probability domain, we find a communicator who uses a verbal format in their prediction is perceived as less credible and less correct than one who uses a numerical format. However, in the high probability domain (where a 'likely' event does not occur) such an effect of format is not consistently observed (Chapter 3). We suggest 'directionality-outcome congruence' can explain these findings. For example, the negatively directional term 'unlikely' led to harsher ratings because the outcome was counter to the original focus of the prediction (i.e., on its non-occurrence). Comparing communications featuring positively and negatively directional VPEs, we find that communicators are perceived as less credible and less correct given directionality-outcome incongruence (Chapter 4). Our findings demonstrate the influence of pragmatics on (a) the understanding of uncertainty communications and (b) perceived communicator credibility.
Managing Uncertainty In Organizational Communication
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Author : Michael W. Kramer
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2014-04-04
Managing Uncertainty In Organizational Communication written by Michael W. Kramer and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-04-04 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
In this book, Michael W. Kramer applies uncertainty reduction theory (URT)--a key theory in current communication scholarship--to the context of organizational communication. Examining URT and the range of research applicable to organizational settings, Kramer proposes a groundbreaking theory of managing uncertainty (TMU), which synthesizes prior research while also addressing its criticisms. Examples are provided to illustrate the principles of the TMU at both the individual and collective (group/organizational) levels of analysis. Original studies based on the theory show that it provides a useful extension of URT, addressing some concerns raised by critics of that earlier model. Kramer illustrates that, as a model in progress, TMU will change as new research and insights build upon it. Managing Uncertainty in Organizational Communication assists readers in understanding and researching uncertainty in communication, which encourages additional changes and improvements to the model. It is of primary interest to scholars, researchers, and practitioners in organizational, interpersonal, and group communication.
Communicating Certainty And Uncertainty In Medical Supportive And Scientific Contexts
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Author : Andrzej Zuczkowski
language : en
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing Company
Release Date : 2014-11-15
Communicating Certainty And Uncertainty In Medical Supportive And Scientific Contexts written by Andrzej Zuczkowski and has been published by John Benjamins Publishing Company this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-11-15 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This volume is a collection of 18 papers on the communication of certainty and uncertainty. The first part introduces recent theoretical developments and general models on the topic and its relations with modality, subjectivity, inter-subjectivity, epistemicity, evidentiality, hedging, mitigation and speech acts. In the second part, results from empirical studies in medical and supportive contexts are presented, all of which are based on a conversational analysis approach. These papers report on professional dialogues including advice giving in gynecological consultations, breaking diagnostic bad news to patients, emergency calls, addiction therapeutic community meetings and bureaucratic-institutional interactions. The final part concerns the qualitative and quantitative analysis of corpora, addressing scientific writing (both research and popular articles) and academic communication in English, German, Spanish and Romanian. The collection is addressed to scholars concerned with the topical issues from a theoretical and analytical perspective and to health professionals interested in the practical implications of communicating certainty or uncertainty.
Uncertainty Information Management And Disclosure Decisions
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Author : Tamara Afifi
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2015-12-22
Uncertainty Information Management And Disclosure Decisions written by Tamara Afifi and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-12-22 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This volume integrates scholarly work on disclosure and uncertainty with the most up-to-date, cutting edge research, theories, and applications. Uncertainty is an ever-present part of human relationships, and the ways in which people reduce and/or manage uncertainty involves regulating their communication with others through revealing and concealing information. This collection is devoted to collating knowledge in these areas, advancing theory and presenting work that is socially meaningful. This work includes contributions from renowned scholars in interpersonal uncertainty and information regulation, focusing on processes that bridge boundaries within and across disciplines, while maintaining emphasis on interpersonal contexts. Disciplines represented here include interpersonal, family, and health communication, as well as relational and social psychology. Key features of the volume include: comprehensive coverage integrating the latest research on disclosure, information seeking, and uncertainty a highly theoretical content, socially meaningful in nature (applied to real-world contexts) an interdisciplinary approach that crosses sub-fields within communication. This volume is a unique and timely resource for advanced study in interpersonal, health, or family communication. With its emphasis on theory, the book is an excellent resource for graduate courses addressing theory and/or theory construction, and it will also appeal to scholars interested in applied research.
Uncertainty And Communication
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Author : Colin B. Grant
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2007-07-25
Uncertainty And Communication written by Colin B. Grant and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-07-25 with Social Science categories.
Sharing a commitment to the theory of communication to Habermas' Theory of Communicative Action , Grant here issues a range of challenges to it. He critiques theories of dialogism and intersubjectivity, proposes a rethinking of the communicating subject in society and explores the new contingencies of culture and media in today's world.
Scientific Uncertainty And Its Influence On The Public Communication Process
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Author : Virginia H. Sublet
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-03-09
Scientific Uncertainty And Its Influence On The Public Communication Process written by Virginia H. Sublet and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-09 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Experts from academia and government who are actively engaged in research in the area of risk communication present a compendium of cases that give information and allow the development of strategies to improve the communication of scientific information to the public. The cases span Western, Central and Eastern Europe, covering such areas as nuclear waste, heavy metal contamination, landfill siting, risk perception, global warming, international health for all, and more. The conclusions and recommendations presented here are being used to develop future activities to further explore this area of risk communication as an international study. Audience: Scientists, risk communicators, psychologists, toxicologists, health professionals, and anyone who has an interest in public communication on scientific uncertainty.
Communicating Uncertainty
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Author : Sharon M. Friedman
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 1999
Communicating Uncertainty written by Sharon M. Friedman and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Education categories.
Communicating Uncertainty examines how well the mass media convey to the public the complexities, ambiguities, and controversies that are part of scientific uncertainty.
Characterizing And Communicating Uncertainty In The Assessment Of Benefits And Risks Of Pharmaceutical Products
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Author : Institute of Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2014-12-19
Characterizing And Communicating Uncertainty In The Assessment Of Benefits And Risks Of Pharmaceutical Products written by Institute of Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-12-19 with Medical categories.
Despite the extensive body of evidence that informs regulatory decisions on pharmaceutical products, significant uncertainties persist, including the underlying variability in human biology, factors associated with the chemistry of a drug, and limitations in the research and clinical trial process itself that might limit the generalizability of results. As a result, regulatory reviewers are consistently required to draw conclusions about a drug's safety and efficacy from imperfect data. Efforts are underway within the drug development community to enhance the evaluation and communication of the benefits and risks associated with pharmaceutical products, aimed at increasing the predictability, transparency, and efficiency of pharmaceutical regulatory decision making. Effectively communicating regulatory decisions necessarily includes explanation of the impact of uncertainty on decision making. On February 12 and May 12, 2014, the Institute of Medicine's Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation held public workshops to advance the development of more systematic and structured approaches to characterize and communicate the sources of uncertainty in the assessment of benefits and risks, and to consider their implications for pharmaceutical regulatory decisions. Workshop presentations and discussions on February 12 were convened to explore the science of identifying and characterizing uncertainty in scientific evidence and approaches to translate uncertainties into decisions that reflect the values of stakeholders. The May 12 workshop presentations and discussions explored tools and approaches to communicating about scientific uncertainties to a range of stakeholders in the drug development process. Characterizing and Communicating Uncertainty in the Assessment of Benefits and Risks of Pharmaceutical Products summarizes the presentation and discussion of both events. This report explores potential analytical and communication approaches and identifies key considerations on their development, evaluation, and incorporation into pharmaceutical benefit- risk assessment throughout the entire drug development lifecycle.
Environmental Decisions In The Face Of Uncertainty
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Author : Institute of Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2013-05-20
Environmental Decisions In The Face Of Uncertainty written by Institute of Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-05-20 with Political Science categories.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is one of several federal agencies responsible for protecting Americans against significant risks to human health and the environment. As part of that mission, EPA estimates the nature, magnitude, and likelihood of risks to human health and the environment; identifies the potential regulatory actions that will mitigate those risks and protect public health1 and the environment; and uses that information to decide on appropriate regulatory action. Uncertainties, both qualitative and quantitative, in the data and analyses on which these decisions are based enter into the process at each step. As a result, the informed identification and use of the uncertainties inherent in the process is an essential feature of environmental decision making. EPA requested that the Institute of Medicine (IOM) convene a committee to provide guidance to its decision makers and their partners in states and localities on approaches to managing risk in different contexts when uncertainty is present. It also sought guidance on how information on uncertainty should be presented to help risk managers make sound decisions and to increase transparency in its communications with the public about those decisions. Given that its charge is not limited to human health risk assessment and includes broad questions about managing risks and decision making, in this report the committee examines the analysis of uncertainty in those other areas in addition to human health risks. Environmental Decisions in the Face of Uncertainty explains the statement of task and summarizes the findings of the committee.