Community Series In The Role Of Cd1 And Mr1 Restricted T Cells In Immunity And Disease Volume Ii

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Community Series In The Role Of Cd1 And Mr1 Restricted T Cells In Immunity And Disease Volume Ii

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Author : Luc Van Kaer
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2024-09-26

Community Series In The Role Of Cd1 And Mr1 Restricted T Cells In Immunity And Disease Volume Ii written by Luc Van Kaer and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-09-26 with Medical categories.

This is the second volume in the series, the Role of CD1- and MR1-restricted T cells in Immunity and Disease. Please see volume I here. CD1 and MR1 are major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-related proteins that bind and present non-peptide antigens to subsets of T cells with specialized functions. CD1 proteins typically present lipid antigens to CD1-restricted T cells, whereas MR1 presents vitamin B-based ligands and a variety of drugs and drug-like molecules to MR1-restricted T cells. The CD1 family of antigen-presenting molecules has been divided into two groups: Group 1 contains CD1a, CD1b, and CD1c, and Group 2 contains CD1d. Additionally, CD1e is expressed intracellularly and is involved in the loading of lipid antigens onto Group 1 CD1 proteins. Humans express both Groups 1 and 2 CD1 proteins, whereas mice only express CD1d. Group 1 CD1 proteins present lipid antigens to T cells that generally express diverse T cell receptors (TCRs) and exhibit adaptive-like functions, whereas CD1d presents lipid antigens to subsets of T cells that express either diverse or highly restricted TCRs and exhibit innate-like functions. CD1d-restricted T cells are called natural killer T (NKT) cells, which include Type I or invariant NKT (iNKT) cells expressing semi-invariant TCRs, and Type II NKT cells expressing more diverse TCRs. CD1-restricted T cells have been implicated in a wide variety of diseases, including cancer, infections, and autoimmune, inflammatory, and metabolic diseases. Additionally, NKT cells have been targeted for immunotherapy of disease with ligands such as ‎α or α-galactosylceramide for iNKT cells, or sulfatide for Type II NKT cells.

Role Of Cd1 And Mr1 Restricted T Cells In Immunity And Disease

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Author : Kazuya Iwabuchi
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2019-10-18

Role Of Cd1 And Mr1 Restricted T Cells In Immunity And Disease written by Kazuya Iwabuchi and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-10-18 with categories.

CD1 and MR1 are major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-related proteins that bind and present non-peptide antigens to subsets of T cells with specialized functions. CD1 proteins typically present lipid antigens to CD1-restricted T cells, whereas MR1 presents vitamin B-based ligands and a variety of drugs and drug-like molecules to MR1-restricted T cells. The CD1 family of antigen presenting molecules has been divided into two groups: Group 1 contains CD1a, CD1b and CD1c, and Group 2 contains CD1d. Additionally, CD1e is expressed intracellularly and is involved in the loading of lipid antigens onto Group 1 CD1 proteins. Humans express both Groups 1 and 2 CD1 proteins, whereas mice only express CD1d. Group 1 CD1 proteins present lipid antigens to T cells that generally express diverse T cell receptors (TCRs) and exhibit adaptive-like functions, whereas CD1d presents lipid antigens to subsets of T cells that express either diverse or highly restricted TCRs and exhibit innate-like functions. CD1d-restricted T cells are called natural killer T (NKT) cells, which includes Type I or invariant NKT (iNKT) cells expressing semi-invariant TCRs, and Type II NKT cells expressing more diverse TCRs. CD1-restricted T cells have been implicated in a wide variety of diseases, including cancer, infections, and autoimmune, inflammatory and metabolic diseases. Additionally, NKT cells have been targeted for immunotherapy of disease with ligands such as α-galactosylceramide for iNKT cells, or sulfatide for Type II NKT cells. Like iNKT cells, MR1-restricted T cells express semi-invariant TCRs and display innate-like functions. MR1-restricted T cells, also called mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, have been implicated in immune responses against a variety of pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Helicobacter pylori, hepatitis C virus and influenza virus. Moreover, these cells contribute to autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, including colitis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, lupus, and diabetes.

Cd1 And Mr1 Restricted T Cells In Antimicrobial Immunity

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Author : S.M. Mansour Haeryfar
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2016-01-21

Cd1 And Mr1 Restricted T Cells In Antimicrobial Immunity written by S.M. Mansour Haeryfar and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-01-21 with Cytology categories.

Cell-mediated immunity to extracellular and intracellular microbes has been traditionally linked to CD4+ and CD8+ T cells that recognize pathogen-derived peptides in the context of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II and class I molecules, respectively. Recent progress in our understanding of early host defense mechanisms has brought ‘unconventional’, innate-like T cells into the spotlight. These are a heterogeneous population of non-MHC-restricted T cells that exhibit ‘memory-like’ properties and mount emergency responses to infection. They may directly detect and destroy infected cells, but are best known for their ability to regulate downstream effector cells including but not limited to conventional T cells. Innate-like T cells include among others CD1-restricted natural killer T (NKT) cells and MR1-restricted mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells. NKT cells recognize lipid antigens, and MAIT cells were recently demonstrated to respond to microbe-derived vitamin B metabolites. However, much remains to be learned about the antigen specificity range of these cells, their activation mode and their true potentials in immunotherapeutic applications. Like in many other areas of biology, uncertainties and controversies surrounding these cells and some of the experimental models, techniques and reagents employed to study them have brought about excitement and sometimes hot debates. This Special Topic was launched to provide updated reviews on protective and/or pathogenic roles of NKT and MAIT cells during infection. Leading experts discuss current controversies, pressing questions and the challenges that lie ahead for the advancement of this intriguing and rapidly evolving area of immunology. Unlike MHC, CD1 and MR1 display very limited polymorphism. Therefore, NKT and MAIT cells may be considered attractive targets for various diseases in diverse human populations. The potential benefits of NKT cell- and MAIT cell-based vaccination and treatment strategies in infectious diseases is an important subject that is also covered in this Topic.

Nutrition And Immunity

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Author : Maryam Mahmoudi
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2019-07-30

Nutrition And Immunity written by Maryam Mahmoudi and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-07-30 with Medical categories.

This volume provides readers with a systematic assessment of current literature on the link between nutrition and immunity. Chapters cover immunonutrition topics such as child development, cancer, aging, allergic asthma, food intolerance, obesity, and chronic critical illness. It also presents a thorough review of microflora of the gut and the essential role it plays in regulating the balance between immune tolerance and inflammation. Written by experts in the field, Nutrition and Immunity helps readers to further understand the importance of healthy dietary patterns in relation to providing immunity against disorders and offering readily available immunonutritional programming in clinical care. It will be a valuable resource for dietitians, immunologists, endocrinologists and other healthcare professionals.

Global Tuberculosis Report 2015

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Author : World Health Organization
language : en
Publisher: World Health Organization
Release Date : 2015

Global Tuberculosis Report 2015 written by World Health Organization and has been published by World Health Organization this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with Medical categories.

Chapter 1. Introduction -- chapter 2. Disease burden and 2015 targets assessment -- chapter 3. TB case notifications and treatment outcomes -- chapter 4. Drug-resistant TB -- chapter 5. Diagnostics and laboratory strengthening -- chapter 6. Addressing the co-epidemics of TB and HIV -- chapter 7. Financing -- chapter 8. Research and development -- Annexes.

Global Tuberculosis Report 2017

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Author : World Health Organization
language : en
Publisher: World Health Organization
Release Date : 2017-12-13

Global Tuberculosis Report 2017 written by World Health Organization and has been published by World Health Organization this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-12-13 with Medical categories.

WHO's Global Tuberculosis Report provides a comprehensive and up-to-date assessment of the TB epidemic and of progress in care and prevention at global, regional and country levels. This is done in the context of recommended global TB strategies and associated targets, and broader development goals. For the period 2016-2035, these are WHO's End TB Strategy and the United Nations' (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which share a common aim: to end the global TB epidemic. The main data sources for the report are annual rounds of global TB data collection implemented by WHO's Global TB Program since 1995 and databases maintained by other WHO departments, UNAIDS and the World Bank. In WHO's 2017 round of global TB data collection, 201 countries and territories that account for over 99% of the world's population and TB cases reported data.

Community Series In Resident Memory T Cells Guardians Of The Balance Of Local Immunity And Pathology Volume Ii

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Author : Nick P. Goplen
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2024-06-20

Community Series In Resident Memory T Cells Guardians Of The Balance Of Local Immunity And Pathology Volume Ii written by Nick P. Goplen and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-06-20 with Medical categories.

As we learn more about the intricacies of immune interactions, the goalposts of ideal vaccination strategies change. It has become apparent that for many pathogens, immunizations should seek to optimize lymphocyte-mediated protection at their portals of entry, which is not likely to be accomplished with current intramuscular jabs. However, there are increased reports suggesting resident memory CD4 and CD8 T cells may, or indeed do, cause pathologies in the lung, gut, skin, pancreas, CNS, and adipose tissue. This is following chronic infection, immunization, or sensitization and it is becoming clearer that protective immunity ought to be finely balanced with the pathogenic capacity of the resident cells providing the immunity. Alternatively, in instances like asthma or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) where the bulk of resident CD4 or CD8T cells’ pathogenic capacity is not restrained, understanding the mechanisms of escape from immune regulation may be key. Thus we are interested in soliciting works that seek to provide a deeper mechanistic understanding of the balance of immunity and pathology that local resident memory T cells must successfully display in order to build upon the existing dogma regarding ideal vaccination strategies.

The Function Of Mhc Related Protein 1 And Mucosal Associated Invariant T Cells In The Immune System

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Author : Wei-Jen Chua Yankelevich
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012

The Function Of Mhc Related Protein 1 And Mucosal Associated Invariant T Cells In The Immune System written by Wei-Jen Chua Yankelevich and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Electronic dissertations categories.

MHC-related protein 1 (MR1) is the non-classical MHC class I molecule that is responsible for the selection and development of mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells. The Mr1 gene is monomorphic and highly conserved among mammals, while MAIT cells display an invariant V[alpha] paired with limited V[beta] TCR chains. Despite the ubiquitous detection of MR1 transcripts and intracellular protein, it has been difficult to detect expression of endogenous MR1 on the plasma membrane resulting in the long-pending question of the physiological role of endogenous MR1. Additionally, although previous studies have implicated antigen presentation by MR1to MAIT cells in antibacterial immunity, the mechanism remains undefined. To unveil the physiological role of MR1 and MAIT cells in the immune system, two main approaches were taken in this dissertation: generating new monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against mouse MR1 to facilitate the detection of endogenous MR1, and establishing in vivo and in vitro models to study MAIT cell responses to microbes. Employing the new mAbs, endogenous MR1 was found to be transiently expressed on the cell surface. More specifically, under basal conditions, low levels of endogenous MR1 could be stabilized at the cell surface by a unique mAb in a functional conformation that activates MAIT cells. In addition, the new mAbs also helped to identify double positive thymocytes, macrophages, and DCs as potential APCs for MAIT cell development and activation. To further probe the function of MR1 and MAIT cells, MAIT cell-deficient mice (as a result of MR1 deficiency) were subjected to bacterial or viral infection as well as a chemical-induced colonic injury. While MR1-restricted MAIT cells were found not to be required for the clearance of the infections of uropathogenic Escherichia coli and West Nile virus, they played a non-redundant role in protective immunity against the infection of Mycobacterium bovis BCG. Taking advantage of an in vitro co-culture assay, MAIT cells were found to inhibit the intracellular mycobacterial growth in macrophages. The antibacterial activity was dependent on the MR1 selection during development, an IL-12/23p40 signal, and IFN-[gamma] secretion. MR1 deficiency also resulted in the lack of proper epithelial regeneration in response to colonic injury. Collectively, research in this dissertation has provided evidence that MR1-restricted MAIT cells play a unique role in the immune system, during both homeostasis and infection.

Regulatory T Cells And Clinical Application

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Author : Shuiping Jiang
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2008-12-14

Regulatory T Cells And Clinical Application written by Shuiping Jiang and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-12-14 with Medical categories.

Covering one of the hottest topics in immunology today, this book provides a comprehensive view of all types of regulatory T cells described so far in the literature. The book will have broad appeal to both researchers and clinicians.

The Many Faces Of Cd4 T Cells Roles In Immunity And Disease

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Author : Federica Sallusto
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013

The Many Faces Of Cd4 T Cells Roles In Immunity And Disease written by Federica Sallusto and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.