Competition Theory In Ecology
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Competition Theory In Ecology
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Author : Peter A. Abrams
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2022-08-25
Competition Theory In Ecology written by Peter A. Abrams and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-08-25 with Science categories.
Competition between species arises when two or more species share at least some of the same limited resources. It is likely to affect all species, as well as many higher-level aspects of community and ecosystem dynamics. Interspecific competition shares many of the same features as density dependence (intraspecific competition) and evolution (competition between genotypes). In spite of this, a robust theoretical framework is not yet in place to develop a more coherent understanding of this important interaction. Despite its prominence in the ecological literature, the theory seems to have lost direction in recent decades, with many synthetic papers promoting outdated ideas, failing to use resource-based models, and having little utility in applied fields such as conservation and environmental management. Competition theory has done little to incorporate new findings regarding consumer-resource interactions in the context of larger food webs containing behaviourally or evolutionarily adapting components. Overly simple models and methods of analysis continue to be influential. Competition Theory in Ecology represents a timely opportunity to address these shortcomings and suggests a more useful approach to modelling that can provide a basis for future models that have greater predictive ability in both ecology and evolution. The book concludes with some broader observations on the lack of agreement on general principles to use in constructing mathematical models to help understand ecological systems. It argues that a more open discussion and debate of the underlying structure of ecological theory is now urgently required to move the field forward.
Applying Graph Theory In Ecological Research
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Author : Mark R.T. Dale
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2017-11-09
Applying Graph Theory In Ecological Research written by Mark R.T. Dale and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-11-09 with Mathematics categories.
This book clearly describes the many applications of graph theory to ecological questions, providing instruction and encouragement to researchers.
Resource Competition And Community Structure
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Author : David Tilman
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 1982-08-21
Resource Competition And Community Structure written by David Tilman and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1982-08-21 with Science categories.
One of the central questions of ecology is why there are so many different kinds of plants and animals. Here David Tilman presents a theory of how organisms compete for resources and the way their competition promotes diversity. Developing Hutchinson's suggestion that the main cause of diversity is the feeding relations of species, this book builds a mechanistic, resource-based explanation of the structure and functioning of ecological communities. In a detailed analysis of the Park Grass Experiments at the Rothamsted Experimental Station in England, the author demonstrates that the dramatic results of these 120 years of experimentation are consistent with his theory, as are observations in many other natural communities. The consumer-resource approach of this book is applicable to both animal and plant communities, but the majority of Professor Tilman's discussion concentrates on the structure of plant communities. All theoretical arguments are developed graphically, and formal mathematics is kept to a minimum. The final chapters of the book provide some testable speculations about resources and animal communities and explore such problems as the evolution of "super species," the differences between plant and animal community diversity patterns, and the cause of plant succession.
The Status Of Competition Theory In Ecology
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Author : Daniel Simberloff
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1982
The Status Of Competition Theory In Ecology written by Daniel Simberloff and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1982 with Competition (Biology) categories.
Current ecological theory on present effects of interspecific competition, as summarized by Roughgarden (1979), has not helped us to understand how nature works. It has generated predictions that are either practically untestable, by virtue of unmeasurable parameters or unrealizable assumptions, or trivially true. Whether or not it has influenced a productive set of investigators of natural systems is debatable, but such influences are not explicit in the writings of most such investigators. On the other hand, the theory has caused a generation of ecologists to waste a monumental amount of time. However, specific investigations, usually experimental, of well-defined field systems have in a gradual and hierarchical way told us quite a bit about how nature works and about the role of interspecific competition among plant and animal populations. These investigations are strongly in the hypothesis-testing tradition, but rather than testing general theory they test specific predictions about specific systems, and they seem to arise as much out of intense curiosity about these systems as out of a desire to find general laws or patterns of nature. As a group, these investigations suggest that competitive exclusion of one species by another is exceptional and that more frequently species sharing resources either do not affect one another or contrive to coexist with changes less drastic than local extinction. When species do compete with one another, effects are usually moderated by other factors (e.g., weather, predators, pathogens) that keep populations below levels at which exclusion would occur, or else each competitor is favored in a different set of times and/or places and this fact combined with normal individual movements keep all species in the system. Interspecific competition is as likely to be by interference as by exploitation, and is frequently affected by biological idiosyncrasies of the individual species. Chance plays a major role in many potentially competitive interactions, and there is good evidence that many species that do compete with one another do so rarely or intermittently, and at most times their population dynamics are governed by other forces.
The Theory Of Ecology
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Author : Samuel M. Scheiner
language : en
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Release Date : 2011-07-15
The Theory Of Ecology written by Samuel M. Scheiner and has been published by University of Chicago Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-07-15 with Science categories.
Despite claims to the contrary, the science of ecology has a long history of building theories. Many ecological theories are mathematical, computational, or statistical, though, and rarely have attempts been made to organize or extrapolate these models into broader theories. The Theory of Ecology brings together some of the most respected and creative theoretical ecologists of this era to advance a comprehensive, conceptual articulation of ecological theories. The contributors cover a wide range of topics, from ecological niche theory to population dynamic theory to island biogeography theory. Collectively, the chapters ably demonstrate how theory in ecology accounts for observations about the natural world and how models provide predictive understandings. It organizes these models into constitutive domains that highlight the strengths and weaknesses of ecological understanding. This book is a milestone in ecological theory and is certain to motivate future empirical and theoretical work in one of the most exciting and active domains of the life sciences.
Nonequilibrium Ecology
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Author : Klaus Rohde
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2006-01-19
Nonequilibrium Ecology written by Klaus Rohde and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-01-19 with Nature categories.
Ecology has long been shaped by ideas that stress the sharing of resources and the competition for those resources, and by the assumption that populations and communities typically exist under equilibrium conditions in habitats saturated with both individuals and species. However, much evidence contradicts these assumptions and it is likely that nonequilibrium is much more widespread than might be expected. This book is unique in focusing on nonequilibrium aspects of ecology, providing evidence for nonequilibrium and equilibrium in populations (and metapopulations), in extant communities and in ecological systems over evolutionary time, including nonequilibrium due to recent and present mass extinctions. The assumption that competition is of overriding importance is central to equilibrium ecology, and much space is devoted to its discussion. As communities of some taxa appear to be shaped more by competition than others, an attempt is made to find an explanation for these differences.
The Theory Of Ecological Communities
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Author : Mark Vellend
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2020-09-15
The Theory Of Ecological Communities written by Mark Vellend and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-09-15 with Science categories.
A plethora of different theories, models, and concepts make up the field of community ecology. Amid this vast body of work, is it possible to build one general theory of ecological communities? What other scientific areas might serve as a guiding framework? As it turns out, the core focus of community ecology—understanding patterns of diversity and composition of biological variants across space and time—is shared by evolutionary biology and its very coherent conceptual framework, population genetics theory. The Theory of Ecological Communities takes this as a starting point to pull together community ecology's various perspectives into a more unified whole. Mark Vellend builds a theory of ecological communities based on four overarching processes: selection among species, drift, dispersal, and speciation. These are analogues of the four central processes in population genetics theory—selection within species, drift, gene flow, and mutation—and together they subsume almost all of the many dozens of more specific models built to describe the dynamics of communities of interacting species. The result is a theory that allows the effects of many low-level processes, such as competition, facilitation, predation, disturbance, stress, succession, colonization, and local extinction to be understood as the underpinnings of high-level processes with widely applicable consequences for ecological communities. Reframing the numerous existing ideas in community ecology, The Theory of Ecological Communities provides a new way for thinking about biological composition and diversity.
Organizational Ecology
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Author : Michael T. HANNAN
language : en
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Release Date : 2009-06-30
Organizational Ecology written by Michael T. HANNAN and has been published by Harvard University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-06-30 with Social Science categories.
Hannan and Freeman examine the ecology of organizations by exploring the competition for resources and by trying to account for rates of entry and exit and for the diversity of organizational forms. They show that the destinies of organizations are determined more by impersonal forces than by the intervention of individuals.
Vegetation Ecology
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Author : Rune Halvorsen Økland
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1990
Vegetation Ecology written by Rune Halvorsen Økland and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with Botany categories.
Ecology And Classification Of North American Freshwater Invertebrates
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Author : James H. Thorp
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2009-11-12
Ecology And Classification Of North American Freshwater Invertebrates written by James H. Thorp and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-11-12 with Nature categories.
The Third Edition of Ecology and Classification of North American Freshwater Invertebrates continues the tradition of in-depth coverage of the biology, ecology, phylogeny, and identification of freshwater invertebrates from the USA and Canada. This edition is in color for the first time and includes greatly expanded classification of many phyla. - Contains extensive and detailed classification keys for identification of diverse freshwater invertebrates. - Many drawings and color photographs of freshwater invertebrates. - Single source for a broad coverage of the anatomy, physiology, ecology, and phylogeny of all major groups of invertebrates in inland waters of North America, north of Mexico.