Composition And Functional Potential Of Hadal Microbial Communities
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Composition And Functional Potential Of Hadal Microbial Communities
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Author : Logan Peoples
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Composition And Functional Potential Of Hadal Microbial Communities written by Logan Peoples and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.
Hadal trenches, oceanic locations deeper than 6,000 m, are one of the most enigmatic environments on Earth. Characterized by hydrostatic pressures reaching 16,000 pounds per square inch, these sites are expected to contain microbial diversity adapted to in situ conditions and distinct from that found at shallower depths. In this dissertation, we describe the composition and functional potential of microbial communities in the Mariana and Kermadec trenches, two hadal sites in the Pacific Ocean, using high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing, meta- and single-cell genomics, and culture-based analyses. We show that hadopelagic microbial communities, which are distinct from those at abyssal depths, appear adapted to in situ hydrostatic pressure conditions and contain a number of putative hadal bathytypes, including members related to the Marinimicrobia, Rhodobacteraceae, Rhodospirilliceae, and Aquibacter. Hadal sediment consortia contained many novel microbial lineages not previously identified in other datasets, especially within deeper sediment horizons. We characterized the functional potential of these sediment microbes using metagenomics and single-cell sequencing and showed that members of these communities have pathways for diverse carbon utilization and nitrogen and sulfur cycling. Mariana and Kermadec trench pelagic and sediment communities were distinct between one another, in part because of higher primary productivity in the overlying water column in the Kermadec relative to the Mariana Trench. Although trenches are geographically isolated, many abundant lineages in both the pelagic and sediment habitats were related to those found in other hadal and abyssal datasets. Comparisons of genomes from both trenches indicate some members may belong to the same species. These findings show the possibility for dispersal of microbes in the deep-ocean and the connectivity of trenches with each other and shallower sites. Finally, we look to the future of hadal exploration by describing the development of a new full-ocean depth lander and water sampler capable of maintaining high hydrostatic pressure upon recovery. Deployments in the Mariana Trench at depths exceeding 10,700 m and the collection of genomes from the hadal lineages Aquibacter and Marinimicrobia show the power of this instrumentation. This dissertation provides a deep dive into microbial community composition and functional potential within hadal trenches.
The Structure And Function Of Aquatic Microbial Communities
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Author : Christon J. Hurst
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2019-05-13
The Structure And Function Of Aquatic Microbial Communities written by Christon J. Hurst and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-05-13 with Science categories.
This book discusses how aquatic microbial communities develop interactive metabolic coordination both within and between species to optimize their energetics. It explains that microbial community structuration often includes functional stratification among a multitude of organisms that variously exist either suspended in the water, lodged in sediments, or bound to one another as biofilms on solid surfaces. The authors describe techniques that can be used for preparing and distributing microbiologically safe drinking water, which presents the challenge of successfully removing the pathogenic members of the aquatic microbial community and then safely delivering that water to consumers. Drinking water distribution systems have their own microbial ecology, which we must both understand and control in order to maintain the safety of the water supply. Since studying aquatic microorganisms often entails identifying them, the book also discusses techniques for successfully isolating and cultivating bacteria. As such, it appeals to microbiologists, microbial ecologists and water quality scientists.
Microbial Communities In Coastal Sediments
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Author : Salom Gnana Thanga Vincent
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2021-06-02
Microbial Communities In Coastal Sediments written by Salom Gnana Thanga Vincent and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-06-02 with Science categories.
A concise reference on the structural composition and function of microbial communities in coastal environments, especially in relation to natural and anthropogenic impacts. Microbial Communities in Coastal Sediments presents twenty years of coastal microbiology research, grounding it as a vital development in the field of microbial ecology. It is the first book to focus exclusively on the complex microbial ecology and its function in rest of the marine environment. The book outlines the structure, function, and assessment of microbial communities in marine sediments while exploring practical methods of assessment. It is an invaluable resource to aquatic microbiologists, marine ecologists, marine microbiologists, aquatic researchers, and graduate students in this field. Microbial Communities in Coastal Sediments begins with an examination of nutrient sources in the coastal context with a focus on organic matter inputs. The quantity and quality of organic matter in coastal sediments and their impacts on the composition and formation of microbial communities is discussed. The book explores the consequences of anthropogenic changes and human activity on microbial ecology and nutrient cycling. Sections on nutrient availability, green house gas production and biodegradation of persistent organic pollutants provide essential details. Molecular research techniques and methods for assessing microbial community structure and function in coastal sediments are also covered. Explores the interplay of physicochemical and biological features of coastal ecosystems on microbial community composition to provide a template of comparison for field research Includes unique figures, schematic diagrams and photographs related to microbial processes of coastal ecosystem to clearly represent different aspects of microbial structure and functions Provides analytical methods and detailed molecular techniques for qualitative and quantitative analyses of microbial community structure
Linking Ecosystem Function To Microbial Diversity
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Author : Anne E. Bernhard
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2016-10-20
Linking Ecosystem Function To Microbial Diversity written by Anne E. Bernhard and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-10-20 with Microbiology categories.
Understanding the link between microbial diversity and ecosystem processes is a fundamental goal of microbial ecologists, yet we still have a rudimentary knowledge of how changes in diversity affect nutrient cycling and energy transfer in ecosystems. Due to the complexity of the problem, many published studies on this topic have been conducted in artificial or manipulated systems. Although researchers have begun to expose some possible mechanisms using these approaches, most have not yet been able to produce conclusive results that relate directly to natural systems. The few studies that have explored the link between diversity and activity in natural systems have typically focused on specific nutrient cycles or processes, such as nitrification, denitrification, and organic carbon degradation pathways, and the microbes that mediate them. What we have learned from these studies is that there are often strong associations between the physical and chemical features of the environment, the composition of the microbial communities, and their activities, but the rules that govern these associations have not been fully elucidated. These earlier studies of microbial diversity and processes in natural systems provide a framework for additional studies to broaden our understanding of the role of microbial diversity in ecosystem function. The problem is complex, but with recent advances in sequencing technology, -omics, and in-situ measurements of ecosystem processes and their applications to microbial communities, making direct connections between ecosystem function and microbial diversity seems more tractable than ever.
Microbial Ecology Of The Oceans
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Author : Josep M. Gasol
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2018-03-27
Microbial Ecology Of The Oceans written by Josep M. Gasol and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-03-27 with Science categories.
The newly revised and updated third edition of the bestselling book on microbial ecology in the oceans The third edition of Microbial Ecology of the Oceans features new topics, as well as different approaches to subjects dealt with in previous editions. The book starts out with a general introduction to the changes in the field, as well as looking at the prospects for the coming years. Chapters cover ecology, diversity, and function of microbes, and of microbial genes in the ocean. The biology and ecology of some model organisms, and how we can model the whole of the marine microbes, are dealt with, and some of the trophic roles that have changed in the last years are discussed. Finally, the role of microbes in the oceanic P cycle are presented. Microbial Ecology of the Oceans, Third Edition offers chapters on The Evolution of Microbial Ecology of the Ocean; Marine Microbial Diversity as Seen by High Throughput Sequencing; Ecological Significance of Microbial Trophic Mixing in the Oligotrophic Ocean; Metatranscritomics and Metaproteomics; Advances in Microbial Ecology from Model Marine Bacteria; Marine Microbes and Nonliving Organic Matter; Microbial Ecology and Biogeochemistry of Oxygen-Deficient Water Columns; The Ocean’s Microscale; Ecological Genomics of Marine Viruses; Microbial Physiological Ecology of The Marine Phosphorus Cycle; Phytoplankton Functional Types; and more. A new and updated edition of a key book in aquatic microbial ecology Includes widely used methodological approaches Fully describes the structure of the microbial ecosystem, discussing in particular the sources of carbon for microbial growth Offers theoretical interpretations of subtropical plankton biogeography Microbial Ecology of the Oceans is an ideal text for advanced undergraduates, beginning graduate students, and colleagues from other fields wishing to learn about microbes and the processes they mediate in marine systems.
Microbial Communities And Functions Contribute To Plant Performance Under Various Stresses
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Author : Hui Li
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2022-12-02
Microbial Communities And Functions Contribute To Plant Performance Under Various Stresses written by Hui Li and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-12-02 with Medical categories.
Microbial Responses To Environmental Changes
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Author : Jürg B. Logue
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2016-01-20
Microbial Responses To Environmental Changes written by Jürg B. Logue and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-01-20 with Electronic book categories.
Advances in next generation sequencing technologies, omics, and bioinformatics are revealing a tremendous and unsuspected diversity of microbes, both at a compositional and functional level. Moreover, the expansion of ecological concepts into microbial ecology has greatly advanced our comprehension of the role microbes play in the functioning of ecosystems across a wide range of biomes. Super-imposed on this new information about microbes, their functions and how they are organized, environmental gradients are changing rapidly, largely driven by direct and indirect human activities. In the context of global change, understanding the mechanisms that shape microbial communities is pivotal to predict microbial responses to novel selective forces and their implications at the local as well as global scale. One of the main features of microbial communities is their ability to react to changes in the environment. Thus, many studies have reported changes in the performance and composition of communities along environmental gradients. However, the mechanisms underlying these responses remain unclear. It is assumed that the response of microbes to changes in the environment is mediated by a complex combination of shifts in the physiological properties, single-cell activities, or composition of communities: it may occur by means of physiological adjustments of the taxa present in a community or selecting towards more tolerant/better adapted phylotypes. Knowing whether certain factors trigger one, many, or all mechanisms would greatly increase confidence in predictions of future microbial composition and processes. This Research Topic brings together studies that applied the latest molecular techniques for studying microbial composition and functioning and integrated ecological, biogeochemical and/or modeling approaches to provide a comprehensive and mechanistic perspective of the responses of micro-organisms to environmental changes. This Research Topic presents new findings on environmental parameters influencing microbial communities, the type and magnitude of response and differences in the response among microbial groups, and which collectively deepen our current understanding and knowledge of the underlying mechanisms of microbial structural and functional responses to environmental changes and gradients in both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. The body of work has, furthermore, identified many challenges and questions that yet remain to be addressed and new perspectives to follow up on.
The Role Of Microbial Communities In Tropical Ecosystems
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Author : Silvia Pajares
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2017-01-13
The Role Of Microbial Communities In Tropical Ecosystems written by Silvia Pajares and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-01-13 with Electronic book categories.
Tropical ecosystems are different in important ways from those of temperate regions. They are a major reservoir of plant and animal biodiversity and play important roles in global climate regulation and biogeochemical cycling. They are also under great threat due to the conversion of tropical ecosystems to other uses. Thus, in the context of global change, it is crucial to understand how environmental factors, biogeographic patterns, and land use changes interact to influence the structure and function of microbial communities in these ecosystems. The contributions to this Research Topic showcase the current knowledge regarding microbial ecology in tropical ecosystems, identify many challenges and questions that remain to be addressed and open up new horizons in our understanding of the environmental and anthropological factors controlling microbial communities in these important ecosystems.
The Causes And Consequences Of Microbial Community Structure
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Author : Diana Reid Nemergut
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers E-books
Release Date : 2015-01-22
The Causes And Consequences Of Microbial Community Structure written by Diana Reid Nemergut and has been published by Frontiers E-books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-01-22 with Microbiology categories.
The causes and consequences of differences in microbial community structure, defined here as the relative proportions of rare and abundant organisms within a community, are poorly understood. Articles in “The Causes and Consequences of Microbial Community Structure”, use empirical or modeling approaches as well as literature reviews to enrich our mechanistic understanding of the controls over the relationship between community structure and ecosystem processes. Specifically, authors address the role of trait distributions and tradeoffs, species-species interactions, evolutionary dynamics, community assembly processes and physical controls in affecting ‘who’s there’ and ‘what they are doing.’
Microbiology Of The Rapidly Changing Polar Environments
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Author : Julie Dinasquet
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2018-07-05
Microbiology Of The Rapidly Changing Polar Environments written by Julie Dinasquet and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-07-05 with categories.
Marine and freshwater polar environments are characterized by intense physical forces and strong seasonal variations. The persistent cold and sometimes inhospitable conditions create unique ecosystems and habitats for microbial life. Polar microbial communities are diverse productive assemblages, which drive biogeochemical cycles and support higher food-webs across the Arctic and over much of the Antarctic. Recent studies on the biogeography of microbial species have revealed phylogenetically diverse polar ecotypes, suggesting adaptation to seasonal darkness, sea-ice coverage and high summer irradiance. Because of the diversity of habitats related to atmospheric and oceanic circulation, and the formation and melting of ice, high latitude oceans and lakes are ideal environments to investigate composition and functionality of microbial communities. In addition, polar regions are responding more dramatically to climate change compared to temperate environments and there is an urgent need to identify sensitive indicators of ecosystem history, that may be sentinels for change or adaptation. For instance, Antarctic lakes provide useful model systems to study microbial evolution and climate history. Hence, it becomes essential and timely to better understand factors controlling the microbes, and how, in turn, they may affect the functioning of these fragile ecosystems. Polar microbiology is an expanding field of research with exciting possibilities to provide new insights into microbial ecology and evolution. With this Research Topic we seek to bring together polar microbiologists studying different aquatic systems and components of the microbial food web, to stimulate discussion and reflect on these sensitive environments in a changing world perspective.